1,349 research outputs found
The origins of major platelet receptor nomenclature.
No full textThe nomenclature of the major platelet receptors may appear complex, but in fact there are logical reasons why it developed in the way it did. In this short review, I describe the origins of this nomenclature, how it developed as more information became available and as relationships were established with receptors on other types of cells. Difficulties have also arisen with alternative nomenclature systems and the various equivalences with these are described and listed. There remain areas such as immunology and transfusion where the accepted nomenclature leaves something to be desired, but it is unlikely that major changes will occur
Snake C-type lectin-like proteins and platelet receptors
No full textSnake venoms are complex mixtures of biologically active proteins and peptides. Many affect haemostasis by activating or inhibiting coagulant factors or platelets, or by disrupting endothelium. Snake venom components are classified into various families, such as serine proteases, metalloproteinases, C-type lectin-like proteins, disintegrins and phospholipases. Snake venom C-type lectin-like proteins have a typical fold resembling that in classic C-type lectins such as the selectins and mannose-binding proteins. Many snake venom C-type lectin-like proteins have now been characterized, as heterodimeric structures with alpha and beta subunits that often form large molecules by multimerization. They activate platelets by binding to VWF or specific receptors such as GPIb, alpha2beta1 and GPVI. Simple heterodimeric GPIb-binding molecules mainly inhibit platelet functions, whereas multimeric ones activate platelets. A series of tetrameric snake venom C-type lectin-like proteins activates platelets by binding to GPVI while another series affects platelet function via integrin alpha2beta1. Some act by inducing VWF to bind to GPIb. Many structures of these proteins, often complexed with their ligands, have been determined. Structure-activity studies show that these proteins are quite complex despite similar backbone folding. Snake C-type lectin-like proteins often interact with more than one platelet receptor and have complex mechanisms of action
Platelet receptors and patient responses: The contributions of Professor Stan Heptinstall to platelet research.
No full textStan Heptinstall's contributions to platelet research covered organising meetings at the national and European level as well as starting and maintaining the journal "Platelets". The major part of his research addressed problems of inhibition of platelet receptors and the effects of this on patient health. In particular, the effects of P2Y12 inhibitors on patients with acute cardiovascular problems were a major focus. Other studies included the effects of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) extracts on platelets, of direct anti-IIb/IIIa receptor (αIIbβ3) inhibitors and of prostanoids on platelet function. Recently, methods for assessing the effectiveness of platelet inhibition were investigated
John Kenneth Galbraith a jeho přínos k problematice konzumerismu
No full textThe Diploma thesis "John Kenneth Galbraith and his contribution to the issue of consumerism" focuses on the definition of the socio-economic phenomenon of consumerism and the personality of John Kenneth Galbraith as one of the most important economists of the 20th century, and also an author dealing with the issue of consumerism. The first, theoretical, part of the diploma thesis is focused on John Kenneth Galbraith's biography and his significance in the history of economic thinking. Furthermore, this part of the thesis deals with the issue of consumerism itself. Emphasis is placed primarily on the analysis of the issue through the view of John Kenneth Galbraith. The second, practical, part of the diploma thesis is focused on a didactic-methodical material, which can be used in the teaching of the issue of consumerism in the subject of Social studies at the grammar school level
GPIb is involved in platelet aggregation induced by mucetin, a snake C-type lectin protein from Chinese habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) venom
No full textMucetin (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus venom activator, TMVA) is a potent platelet activator purified from Chinese habu (Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus) venom. It belongs to the snake venom heterodimeric C-type lectin family and exists in several multimeric forms. We now show that binding to platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib is involved in mucetin-induced platelet aggregation. Antibodies against GPIb as well as the GPIb-blocking C-type lectin echicetin inhibited mucetin-induced platelet aggregation. Binding of GPIb was confirmed by affinity chromatography and Western blotting. Antibodies against GPVI inhibited convulxin- but not mucetin-induced aggregation. Signalling by mucetin involved rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins including Syk, Src, LAT and PLC gamma 2. Mucetin-induced phosphorylation of the Fc gamma chain of platelet was greatly promoted by inhibition of alpha(IIb)beta(3) by the peptidomimetic EMD 132338, suggesting that phosphatases downstream of alpha(IIb)beta(3) activation are involved in dephosphorylation of Fc gamma. Unlike other multimeric snake C-type lectins that act via GPIb and only agglutinate platelets, mucetin activates alpha(IIb)beta(3). Inhibition of alpha(IIb)beta(3) strongly reduced the aggregation response to mucetin, indicating that activation of alpha(IIb)beta(3) and binding of fibrinogen are involved in mucetin-induced platelet aggregation. Apyrase and aspirin also inhibit platelet aggregation induced by mucetin, suggesting that ADP and thromboxane A2 are involved in autocrine feedback. Sequence and structural comparison with closely related members of this protein family point to features that may be responsible for the functional differences
Mexico's ''Bandit'' Armies
No full textPage of an article discussing whether Zapatistas are truly Mexican bandits or patriots fighting for independence. Includes photographs of Emiliano Zapata, the author John Kenneth Turner, and a view of Cuernavacas, Mexico
John Kenneth Turner y Venustiano Carranza: una alianza en contra del intervencionismo estadounidense
No full textJohn Kenneth Turner is known as the author of Barbarous Mexico, but little is known of his life or his relationship with Venustiano Carranza. In this article the author broaches these subjects by reviewing the files of Relaciones Exteriores, Condumex and the Ethel Duffy Turner Papers at INAH, as well as resorting to the book Hands off Mexico.John Kenneth Turner es conocido como el autor de México bárbaro; sin embargo, poco se conoce de la vida del periodista, y su alianza con Carranza es prácticamente desconocida. En el artículo se presenta un acercamiento a la relación que existió entre Turner y el constitucionalismo. Esta relación es seguida, mediante la información rescatada del archivo particular de Venustiano Carranza, resguardada por Condumex; los documentos del archivo de la Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores y los papeles de Ethel Duffy Turner al cuidado de la biblioteca del INAH, así como de la lectura del texto Hands Off México
John Kenneth Galbraith
No full textGalbraith, John Kenneth (15 Oct. 1908-29 Apr. 2006), economist and author, was born in Iona Station, Ontario, Canada, to Archibald Galbraith and Sarah Catherine Kendall. Galbraith, who advanced and reinterpreted institutionalist and Keynesian traditions in economics while promoting a liberal and progressive political agenda, was arguably the best-known and most influential economist and public intellectual of his generation. He published dozens of books, served in a number of high-level government positions, and, as a faculty member at Harvard University for more than a quarter of a century, advised every Democratic president from Franklin Roosevelt to Bill Clinton. Galbraith\u27s political education began at the hands of his father, who was active in agrarian politics in Ontario. Galbraith\u27s formal education at the outset was rudimentary. It began at a one-room school on Willy\u27s Sideroad and continued for four years at Dutton High School, followed by a fifth year at St. Thomas High School (the additional year necessitated by inadequate elementary school preparation). He matriculated at Ontario Agricultural College in Guelph, where he pursued a B.Sc. in agricultural economics. His major was animal husbandry. In a Time interview he later described OAC as not only the cheapest but probably the worst college in the English-speaking world. Approaching graduation, and seeking wider horizons, he applied for and won a Giannini Fellowship in Agricultural Economics, and in 1931 journeyed westward and to the United States to pursue graduate study at the University of California at Berkeley. By all accounts (including those of the FBI) he now became a much stronger student, although he was aware that students and faculty in the regular economics department considered those in the department of agricultural economics as second class. His doctoral dissertation, which in retrospect Galbraith viewed as without distinction, examined county expenditures in California
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