171 research outputs found
Innovation policies in the Adriatic Region
No full textThe chapter provides an overview of Innovation policies adopted across the Adriatic Region. Policies are broken down by a novel taxonomy that distinguishes among R&D, Human resources, Collaboration and Innovation Capabilities policies. The overview of policies confirms a very high degree of heterogeneity across Adriatic countries and provides details on some common problematic topics: the missing critical mass of research and innovation in many countries of the Region; the importance of collaboration among countries and organisations; the lack of continuity in policies. Finally, the chapter recalls some best practices of innovation policies identified within the PACINNO project
Multinazionali e creazione di legami con imprese e università in Italia
No full textQuesto lavoro valuta in che misura le multinazionali estere siano in grado di sviluppare collegamenti tecnologici con le imprese e le università locali. In particolare, data la ben nota limitatezza dell’Italia nell’attrarre investimenti esteri specie nel campo della R&S (cfr. fra gli altri Dachs et al., 2014), ci si chiede se le multinazionali estere siano davvero da considerare delle fonti fondamentali di conoscenza e spillover tecnologici cui il sistema innovativo italiano può attingere per accelerare sulla strada del cambiamento strutturale e dello sviluppo competitivo. Per dare risposta a tali quesiti, alcuni studi recenti hanno utilizzato la ricchezza informativa dell’indagine Istat denominata RS1, sulla ricerca e sviluppo (R&S) delle
imprese (Bonaccorsi e Perani, 2014; Cozza e Zanfei, 2014, 2015; Cozza, Perani e Zanfei, 2016). Da questa indagine si ricavano informazioni dettagliate sulla R&S, riguardanti non solo la quantità totale delle spese in R&S e degli addetti alla ricerca o la tipologia di tali spese, ma anche la tipologia delle imprese coinvolte, la localizzazione geografica delle loro attività di ricerca e, appunto, i legami tecnologici sviluppat
Measuring the internationalisation of EU corporate R&D: a novel complementary use of statistical sources
No full textThe report summarises the main results of a research activity aimed at testing a novel approach for the measurement of EU business R&D internationalisation. Such approach is based on the complementary use of two different sources of data: on the one hand, statistical data from private R&D expenditure taken from national surveys (BERD); on the other hand, data collected from companies' annual reports and accounts (as in the EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard). The main objectives of the study were: i) to explore the methodological rationale for comparing the two sets of data; ii) to test the robustness of the novel methodology through an analysis applied to four EU countries (Belgium, Finland, Germany and Italy); iii) to provide indications of possible further research and follow up activities.
The main results from the project are as follows:
- BERD and Scoreboard values, though addressing slightly different concepts, are comparable and can be used in a complementary way.
- Data regarding top EU R&D performers (that is, companies included in Scoreboard rankings who are the active part of the R&D internationalisation process) have to be considered from the starting point of such complementary use, instead of as final data at the country level resulting from official statistics.
- Using top R&D performers� global values and adding aggregate values from national R&D statistics allows novel insights on the R&D internationalisation process to be given, at least for the four EU countries involved.
- Further research could rely on the forthcoming Euro-Group Register under development at EUROSTAT, to obtain a clear view of intra-EU cross-country R&D flows.JRC.DDG.J.3 - Knowledge for Growt
Tendenze di pittura purista tra Napoli e Roma al tempo di Francesco Cozza
No full textIl saggio affronta la diffusione delle correnti puriste nella pitura napoletana del Seicento, con una riconsiderazione anche delle fonti figurative di Francesco Cozza e Giovan Battista Salvi, il Sassoferrato
Multinational firms and the creation of technological linkages in Italy
No full textUsing empirical evidence from the Italian R&D survey, we assess the ability of
multinational firms in setting-up technological linkages (Extra-muros R&D and R&D cooperation). We find that Italian multinationals are more prone to perform
Extra-muros R&D, while foreign multinationals are better at developing R&D
cooperation. However, selecting only the linkages with local counterparts, we find that foreign multinationals have no advantage vis-à-vis Italian firms; while multinationals still have some advantages in setting-up R&D cooperation with local
universities. Results suggest that foreign multinationals can generally exploit “economies of common governance” when setting-up technical linkages, but they
face relative disadvantages in terms of embeddedness in local systems
The cross border R&D activity of Italian business firms
No full textUsing data from the ISTAT-RS1 Survey we explore inward and outward R&D activities of different categories of firms resident in Italy in 2001-2010. From this perspective we provide detailed evidence of the role played by this country in the global creation and transmission of technology. First, foreign owned multinationals are the most active in cross-border transactions of knowledge but hold a low and decreasing share in national R&D expenditure. This trend reveals on the one hand that the Italian economy is a poorer and poorer attractor of high value added investments from abroad; and on the other hand that national companies, and particularly local SMEs not belonging to international groups, have significantly increased their R&D efforts over the past decade. Second, although outward expenditures of Italian companies increased substantially, R&D performed abroad remains a minor component of business research activities, and is due to a small number of firms investing in a few destination countries. We argue that this paucity of outward R&D activity might hinder both “asset exploiting” and “asset seeking” strategies of Italian firms. Third, we find a strong positive correlation between outward R&D and other innovative activities, including domestic research and R&D commissioned to foreign affiliates. By contrast, in the case of foreign owned firms active in Italy, we find that outward R&D is negatively correlated with intra-group technical cooperation
Firm heterogeneity, absorptive capacity and technical linkages with external parties in Italy
No full textWhile it is widely acknowledged that internal R&D is a fundamental source of the ability to absorb, select and use external knowledge, severe data limitations prevent from capturing differences across firms in this respect. Using a novel dataset supplied by the Italian Bureau of Statistics, we highlight that, when controlling for internal R&D efforts, not all firms are equally prone to gain access to external technology, and to the knowledge provided by universities in particular. We find that firms which do not only perform R&D activities but also belong to a group exhibit a higher propensity to access external knowledge by either contracting out R&D or cooperating with external parties, as compared to independent firms that are not organized into groups. This premium persists when controlling for different measures of internal R&D efforts. Furthermore, the differential in the propensity to access external knowledge is particularly high in the case of R&D performers belonging to foreign groups, i.e. Italian affiliates of foreign owned companies; and it is even higher in the case of the few Italian firms that have R&D activities abroad. The relative dis-advantage of independent firms, which represent the bulk of the Italian industry and include most small and medium sized enterprises, appears to be less of an obstacle in the case of linkages with universities, especially when R&D contracting out is considered
Firm heterogeneity, absorptive capacity and technical linkages with external parties in Italy
No full textWhile it is widely acknowledged that internal R&D is a fundamental source of the ability to absorb, select and use external knowledge, severe data limitations prevent from capturing differences across firms in this respect. Using a novel dataset supplied by the Italian Bureau of Statistics, we highlight that, when controlling for internal R&D efforts, not all firms are equally prone to gain access to external technology, and to the knowledge provided by universities in particular. We find that firms which do not only perform R&D activities but also belong to a group exhibit a higher propensity to access external knowledge by either contracting out R&D or cooperating with external parties, as compared to independent firms that are not organized into groups. This premium persists when controlling for different measures of internal R&D efforts. Furthermore, the differential in the propensity to access external knowledge is particularly high in the case of R&D performers belonging to foreign groups, i.e. Italian affiliates of foreign owned companies; and it is even higher in the case of the few Italian firms that have R&D activities abroad. The relative dis-advantage of independent firms, which represent the bulk of the Italian industry and include most small and medium sized enterprises, appears to be less of an obstacle in the case of linkages with universities, especially when R&D contracting out is considered
Can we predict firms’ innovativeness? The identification of innovation performers in an Italian region through a supervised learning approach
No full textThe study shows the feasibility of predicting firms’ expenditures in innovation, as reported in the Community Innovation Survey, applying a supervised machine-learning approach on a sample of Italian firms. Using an integrated dataset of administrative records and balance sheet data, designed to include all informative variables related to innovation but also easily accessible for most of the cohort, random forest algorithm is implemented to obtain a classification model aimed to identify firms that are potential innovation performers. The performance of the classifier, estimated in terms of AUC, is 0.794. Although innovation investments do not always result in patenting, the model is able to identify 71.92% of firms with patents. More encouraging results emerge from the analysis of the inner working of the model: predictors identified as most important—such as firm size, sector belonging and investment in intangible assets—confirm previous findings of literature, but in a completely different framework. The outcomes of this study are considered relevant for both economic analysts, because it demonstrates the potential of data-driven models for understanding the nature of innovation behaviour, and practitioners, such as policymakers or venture capitalists, who can benefit by evidence-based tools in the decision-making process
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