1,721,046 research outputs found
Editorial Comment [to "Financial Toxicity After Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Its Relation with Oncologic, Functional Outcomes"]
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Optimization of the different therapeutic strategies in muscle invasive bladder cancer using biomarkers
Full text linkPredicting response to definitive treatmentsis a fascinating challenge which develops throughthe evolution of a panel of convincing molecularbiomarkers capable of adding in clinical decissionsdespite interpatient and intratumoral heterogenicity.Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) can be locallytreated either with radical cystectomy (RC) with or withoutneoadyuvant chemotherapy or bladder preservationapproaches such as trimodal therapy (TMT) includingmaximal transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBt) followed by external beam radiotherapy withconcurrent systemic radio-sensitizing chemotherapy.Conventional or novel/targeted systemic agents areessential parts of perioperative multidisciplinary managementconsidering both neoadjuvant and adjuvantsetting. Advances in molecular biology such as next generation sequencing and whole genome or transcriptomicanalysis, provided novel insights to achieve a fullunderstanding of the biology behind MIBC helping toidentify emerging predictive signatures. Although severalprogresses have been made, real-world applicationof molecular biomarkers in MIBC scenario is hinderedby lack of standardization, and low reproducibility. Inthis review we aim to present the emerging role of novelmolecular biomarkers in predicting response to localtreatments and systemic agents in MIBC
Molecular markers of systemic therapy response in urothelial carcinoma
Full text linkIdentification of reliable molecular biomarkers that can complement clinical practice represents a fascinating challenge in any cancer field. Urothelial carcinoma is a very heterogeneous disease and responses to systemic therapies, and outcomes after radical cystectomy are difficult to predict. Advances in molecular biology such as next generation sequencing and whole genome or transcriptomic analysis provide promising platforms to achieve a full understanding of the biology behind the disease and can identify emerging predictive biomarkers. Moreover, the ability to categorize patients' risk of recurrence after curative treatment, or even predict benefit from a conventional or targeted therapies, represents a compelling challenge that may reshape both selection for tailored treatment and disease monitoring. Progress has been made but currently no molecular biomarkers are used in the clinical setting to predict response to systemic agents in either neoadjuvant or adjuvant settings highlighting a relevant unmet need. Here, we aim to present the emerging role of molecular biomarkers in predicting response to systemic agents in urothelial carcinoma
A Review of Prostatitis
No full textA recent Review on prostatitis provided a comprehensive summary but presented computed tomography (CT) as the sole advanced imaging technique for suspected prostatic abscess. In our view, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers distinct advantages over CT in this clinical context. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is the first-line study for diagnosis of prostatic abscess, with sensitivity approaching 80%, and provides the added benefit of enabling image-guided drainage. Its limitations include operator dependency, patient discomfort, and inability to reliably assess extraprostatic spread of infection. For patients unable to undergo TRUS, CT is widely used because it is an easily accessible and cost-effective alternative. Computed tomography effectively visualizes larger abscesses and gas-forming infections but is less sensitive for small or multiloculated abscesses. For patients who are hemodynamically unstable, CT is useful because it can be rapidly obtained and iswidely available.However, the rationale for CT use does not apply to subacute or chronic presentations of prostatitis, for which MRI can have improved diagnostic accuracy. Magnetic resonance imaging provides superior soft tissue contrast, allowing earlier and more accurate identification of abscesses, which appear T1-hypointense and T2-hyperintense with restricted diffusion and peripheral enhancement. Diffusion-weighted imaging further enhances abscess detection and characterization, with very low diffusion coefficient values reflecting pus content. Magnetic resonance imaging also is helpful in defining extraprostatic extension of infection to seminal vesicles, periprostatic tissues, or pelvic sidewalls. In addition, MRI does not use ionizing radiation, an important consideration in younger or middle-aged men who require follow-up imaging because CT radiation increases oncologic risk andmay impair spermatogenesis, potentially affecting fertility. With an external phased-array coil, high-quality images can be obtained without an endorectal probe, improving tolerability in symptomatic patients
Novel Expanding Renal Cell Carcinoma Biomarkers
Full text linkIdentification of reliable molecular biomarkers that can complement clinical practice represents a fascinating challenge in any cancer field. Renal tumors are usually asymptomatic and incidentally identified during imaging studies undertaken for unrelated causes. However, in 25% to 30% of patients the first diagnosis is accompanied by symptoms and associated with distant metastasis. Thus, early diagnosis may reduce the risk of disease progression also avoiding side effects of inadequate treatments. Moreover, the ability to categorize patients' risk of recurrence after radical treatment, or even predict benefit from a target therapy, represents a compelling challenge. Here we review the current state-of-the-art on RCC biomarkers, particularly focusing on the new approaches of genomics, liquid biopsy, proteomics, and metabolomics
Promising Biomarkers in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Full text linkRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) incidence has been increasing in recent years, and it now represents the sixth most common cancer diagnosis in men and the tenth in women. Although this is partly due to increased detection of incidental small renal masses on unrelated imaging, advanced RCC continues to be diagnosed in a significant portion
of patients, with more than 15% presenting with distant metastases. Biomarkers can be a cost-effective tool to identify high-risk patients and institute appropriate individualised therapies. While the literature in this field is nascent, this paper focuses on several biomarkers that have been extensively investigated in the diagnosis and prognosis of RCC, as well as in predicting its response to treatments, particularly the newer immuno-oncology drugs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Frequency of testicular torsion presenting with abdominal pain in adults: a retrospective analysis of diagnostic and management implications
No full textIntroduction: Up to 22% of pediatric patients with testicular torsion (TT) present initially with lower abdominal pain, which progresses to scrotal pain over time. Misdiagnosis can lead to testicular loss. This study examines the frequency of this presentation in adults and its clinical implications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 92 adult patients diagnosed with TT at our Emergency Departments (EDs). Clinical presentations, diagnostic procedures, and outcomes were reviewed, focusing on cases with abdominal pain as the initial symptom. Results: Seven of 92 patients (6.44%) presented with abdominal pain alone. Testicular viability was preserved in three cases, highlighting the importance of early recognition, of those: two had early testicular pain ( 7 h) development of testicular pain; the fourth had testicular pain at < 6 h but, a false negative US examination misinterpreted as epididymitis. Conclusion: Although this study is retrospective and reconstructing the exact onset of symptoms is difficult and this may lead to potential bias; the study identifies abdominal pain as a rare but clinically significant first symptom of TT in adults. TT should be considered in differential diagnosis of all adults with lower abdominal pain and testes should be always assessed during physical examination of any male with such symptoms
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