323,063 research outputs found
Ambiente e salute. Una prospettiva di genere in epidemiologia. - [Environment and health. A gender perspective in epidemiology]
No full textSi è svolto a Lecce dal 14 al 16 novembre di quest’anno “Ambiente e clima. Il presente per il futuro”, convegno annuale dell’Associazione Donne e Scienza organizzato in collaborazione con l’Università del Salento, diversi istituti del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche e l’Università degli studi di Bari. Il convegno, che ha visto la partecipazione di un centinaio di persone ogni giorno, è stato articolato in quattro sessioni con interventi di donne e uomini attivi nella ricerca e nella comunicazione, di rappresentanti istituzionali, olitici, associazioni ambientaliste e movimenti civici. La sessione “Ambiente e salute: integrare la dimensione di genere” è stata incentrata sugli impatti dei cambiamenti climatici e dell’inquinamento sulla salute. Le diverse relazioni, dalla tossicologia all’epidemiologia ambientale, dalla pratica clinica a quella della medicina di base, hanno messo in evidenza la necessità di trasformare i paradigmi dominanti in medicina ed epidemiologia allargandoli a una prospettiva di genere
Heredity and colorectal cancer
No full textColorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from malignancies in Western Countries. In spite of advances in treatment, little change in survival has been accomplished in last decades and this mandates greater importance to prevention and early detection. Although dietary factors have received primary attention familial clustering suggests that susceptibility to KCR is inherited. Hereditary colorectal cancer can arise on Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (HCC) or not on polyposis (HNPCC) and members of these families are at high risk of such neoplasias. Anyway, even in "sporadic" forms of KCR first-degree relatives have a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of the same cancer. The most desirable screening protocol would be a simple procedure involving only a blood test to identify gene defect by molecular biology techniques. Unfortunately, this is not practically possible, for lack of specific genetic alterations, out of FAP, and only the study of family history can enable targeted surveillance and cost-effective management strategies
Update on epidemiology and risk factors of colorectal carcinoma [Attualità in tema di epidemiologia e fattori di rischio del carcinoma colo-rettale]
No full textEtiology of colorectal cancer is not completely clear. Epidemiologic studies, especially those on migrant populations, demonstrate the importance of environmental factors, particularly dietary, in cancerogenesis. Anyway, familial aggregation within a given population shows that genetic factors play an important role. General risk factors are represented by age, sex, physical activity... while some pathologies increased the risk of developing KCR or are frankly precancerous (adenomas, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease...)
Germline mutations of mismatch repair genes (MMR) in patients with HNPCC-LIKE syndrome: preliminary results
No full textSindrome di Charge: sopravvivenza a lungo termine : descrizione di un caso
No full textCharge association is a relatively rare pattern of congenital anomalies whose incidence is approximately 1:10.000. We describe our experience on a young boy (Cariotype 46-XY) with associated oesophageal atresia survived up to 12 years. We analyse the most relevant difficulties occurred in the treatment of this patient and we underline the importance of performing an early tracheostomy in order to improve the respiratory impairment. The management of this multiple complex malformations requests a multidisciplinary approach during the life
Family anamnesis, cholecystectomy and gastric resection in patients with colorectal carcinoma: a case-control study
No full textAn increased risk of colorectal cancer has been reported in first-degree relatives of affected patients, and following cholecystectomy or partial gastrectomy for benign peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of these potential risk factors in 197 patients (127 males, 70 females, mean age 70 years +/- 10.9, range 22-94 years) with cancer of the large bowel and 202 controls (91 males, 111 females, mean age 68 years +/- 14.06, range 17-93 years) who underwent a total colonoscopy, that revealed no colorectal neoplasms. No significant differences were found between the case and control group for a past history of cholecystectomy or gastric surgery, respectively reported by 14 and 12 patients of group 1 and 18 and 8 patients of group 2. Patients with large bowel cancer show a significant excess of both colorectal (21.31% vs 11.9%) and extracolonic malignancies (46.19% vs 26.73) in first degree relatives (p < 0.05). In approximately 7% of them the aggregation of two or more colorectal cancers among relatives is suggestive for a hereditary form of large bowel cancer
Analysis of K-ras mutations in the stool of patients with colorectal cancer
No full textMutated cellular ras genes have been detected in many tumor types, though with varying frequencies: for example, it is well known that between 40-50 % of colon carcinoma show mutations in one allele of the Kirsten ras gene, involving preferentially the codon 12 in which the most frequent change is the transition GGT to GAT; they may be found in the stools of the colorectal cancer patients. Purpose of our study is that to analyze stools of the normal subjects and of patients with colorectal tumor for the transition GGT to GAT in codon 12 of K-ras and, in the present paper, we report the most reproducible procedure to obtain purified DNA from stools
Papillary Thyroid carcinoma in three siblings with familial adenomatous polyposis
No full textThe authors report three siblings (two sisters and their aunt, aged 20, 22 and 36, respectively) with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and papillary thyroid carcinoma. After diagnosis of FAP, a single, non palpable nodule was revealed in each patient by routine screening ultrasonography of the gland, The diagnosis of papillary carcinoma was made by fine-needle-aspiration biopsy of the nodules and confirmed by histologic examination of surgical specimens. A review of the literature reveals about 40 reports of such an association, that is considered not fortuitous. Nevertheless, in this family the association seems to be a distinctive, clinical feature of the syndrome, affecting three out of five members intensively screened for extracolonic lesions
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