711 research outputs found
Gene Expression of Inflammation Markers in Depression
No full textInvestigating the gene expression signature of depression is a powerful tool to study molecular events leading to the pathophysiology of the disease, with a promising potential for establishing clinically relevant biology-based markers of depression for diagnostic purposes and for tailoring the treatment options for affected individuals. In this chapter, the current state of knowledge and validity on gene expression of inflammation markers of depression will be presented. Collectively, upregulation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL1B, IL6, TNF, and INF and transcription factors FN-kB and CREB1 has been observed in the brain and in the periphery, supporting the cytokine hypothesis of depression. However, the results are inconsistent. Furthermore, at the transcriptome level, dysregulation of immune-related genes beyond the commonly studied cytokines was found. Altered markers of inflammation were observed in depression with medical comorbidities versus depression without medical comorbidities and in other psychiatric conditions. Findings on dysregulated gene expression levels of immune genes before and after administration of antidepressants have a potential to be translated into clinical practice as biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response. Although anti-inflammatory therapy for depressed patients has been clinically trialed, the effectiveness of it is not convincing. Gene expression studies investigating the efficacy of anti-inflammatory therapy in humans are yet to be established.Liliana G. Ciobanu, Bernhard T. Baun
Particle motion in Stokes flow near a plane fluid-fluid interface. Part 1. Slender body in a quiescent fluid.
No full textConsiders translation and rotation, each in three mutually orthogonal directions, thus determining the components of the hydrodynamic resistance tensors which relate the total hydrodynamic force and torque on the particle to its translational and angular velocities for a completely arbitrary translational and angular motion. Calculates trajectories for a freely rotating particle under the action of an applied force either normal or parallel to a flat interface.-from Author
Particle motion in Stokes flow near a plane fluid-fluid interface. Part 2. Linear shear and axisymmetric straining flows.
No full textConsiders the motion of a sphere or a slender body in the presence of a plane fluid-fluid interface with an arbitrary viscosity ratio, when the fluids undergo a linear undisturbed flow. Determines the motion of a neutrally buoyant particle freely suspended in the flow. The theory yields general trajectory equations for an arbitrary viscosity ratio. Among the most interesting results for motion of slender bodies is the generalization of the Jeffrey orbit equations for linear simple shear flow. -from Author
Gene coexpression network and machine learning in personalized psychiatry
No full textDespite the success of collaborative international efforts to identify genetic variants involved in psychiatric disorders, the biological underpinnings of complex psychiatric traits remain elusive. Increasing evidence suggests that psychiatric disorders are the result of complex interactions among genomic variations, epigenetic modifications, and other regulatory mechanisms involved in gene expression. Therefore, the transcriptome, representing a nexus of genetic and environmental interactions, can be seen as an essential biological layer of information for studying molecular dysregulations in mental disorders. Transcriptomics can be used for diagnostic purposes to differentiate disease from healthy controls, differentiate disease stages, and identify subgroups of patients exhibiting different biological signatures within diagnosis. It also allows us to measure the influence of drugs on the transcriptome, which can be useful in gaining insights on molecular mechanisms of a drug’s action, and in predicting treatment response. Using coexpression network analysis-based methods, disease-relevant clusters of coregulated genes can be identified and further integrated with genetic and epigenetic data for a comprehensive investigation of biological underpinnings of mental illness. In this chapter, we provide an essential guide to the coexpression network approach as an important statistical tool that can enrich the understanding of disrupted molecular processes in psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, given the complex system structure inherent in psychiatric disorders, statistical learning frameworks that can translate these findings into actionable clinical insights are required. A number of emerging methodologies that address this problem are explored, including weighted gene coexpression network analysis, differential coexpression analysis, biclustering, and regularized machine learning.Liliana G. Ciobanu, Micah Cearns. Bernhard T. Baun
Correction to: Clinical Trials in High-Risk Medulloblastoma: Evolution of the SIOP-Europe HR-MB Trial (Cancers, (2022), 14, 2, (374), 10.3390/cancers14020374)
No full text\ua9 2024 by the authors.In the original publication [1], the funder Cancer Research UK, A2524 was not included. Keith Wheatley, Simon Gates, and Victoria Homer were not included as authors in the original publication. The reason we would like to add the authors is that the statistical element of the trial and the trial design were in a large part done by the statistical authors and the team were necessary for the running of the trial. The corrected Author Contributions Statement appears here. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., K.W., S.R. and S.C.C.; methodology, K.W., S.G. and V.H.; project administration, S.G. and V.H.; resources, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—review and editing, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., K.W., S.R. and S.C.C.; methodology, K.W., S.G. and V.H.; project administration, S.G. and V.H.; resources, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—original draft preparation, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C.; writing—review and editing, S.B., N.A., L.G., M.M., S.R. and S.C.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, University of Birimingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; [email protected](K.W.); [email protected] (S.G.); [email protected] (V.H.) The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated
Manned spacecraft external thermal control using the Johnson tube heat pump
No full textIssued as Final report, Project E-25-W41Final report has author: L.G. Johnso
Agricultural Underdevelopment in Caistor Township
No full textTitle: Agricultural Underdevelopment in Caistor Township, Author: Benard W. Darnel, Location: ThodeThe purpose of this study is to describe and explain
the extent of agricultural underdevelopment in Caistor Township. Full credit for the author's incentive to investigate
this area must go to Dr. L.G. Reeds of McMaster University,
who in 1964 conducted a survey of the agricultural conditions
in the Niagara Peninsula, on the basis of which a more detailed
study of several areas, including Caistor Township, seemed
warranted. The information for this study originated from a
variety of sources. The most important of these was direct
observations in the field, which after a brief reconnaissance
survey in the early part of May, were carried out systematically
during the months of June, July, and August of 1966. Interviews
were conducted in all parts of the township, in addition
an attempt was made to interview all people in four sample
block areas. It is estimated that out of a total of 165
interviews, 90 involved the owners of "commercial farms";
other people interviewed were retired farmers, non-farming
residents, township officials, clergy men, and store owners. Field observations provided the basis for the
Land Capability Map (Fig.3), for the map showing "Quality of
Land use" (Fig. 5), while information about the distribution
of non-farm dwellings (Fig . 4) and the location of "Century
Farms" (Fig. 2) was obtained from the township office and
from a 4-H club member respectively. Other pertinent data was provided by the Dominion
Census Report for 1961, which is the most recent source of
information on farm classification, farm income, landuse,
and values of agricultural products sold. Finally, the
Soil Survey of Lincoln County, and the Physiography of
Southern Ontario proved to be useful guides in the assessment
of the physiographic conditions of the township. The methodology employed in this study was selected
so as to best facilitate the attainment of the stated objective,
but limited time for investigation and lack of sufficient
quantitative data about individual farms precluded the use
of statistical methods. The study is divided into eight chapters. Chapters
one, three and four deal exclusively with the physical conditions
and with related problems, while chapter two gives
a brief account of relevant historical factors. Chapters five
and six examine the status of agricultural development in
the township, the findings of which are evaluated in chapter
seven. The final chapter contains the summary and conclusion.ThesisBachelor of Arts (BA
Towards understanding the 3D infrasonic wavefield
No full textIn the evening of 2014, June 03, two explosions occurred at the MSPO-2 plant of Shell Moerdijk. The Cabauw infrasound array detected the infrasound generated by the blasts as two distinct signals. The distance between Shell Moerdijk and the Cabauw infrasound array is 40.5 km. This array is unique as it measures infrasound in 3D. The Fisher analysis is used to process the infrasound signals. The horizontal 2D Fisher analysis veries the infrasound source to be Shell Moerdijk, and it shows an azimuthal deviation of 2.1 caused by the influence of tropospheric crosswinds. The Shell Moerdijk explosions are used as a case study to investigate the measurement of infrasound in 3D. The frequency of the signals detected at the tower has been observed to be lower than the frequency of the signals detected at the surface. A possible reason is that the infrasound signals propagate through small pipes before reaching the tower sensors. Consequently, a reduced coherency between the tower and ground signals exists. Due to this lack of coherency, the 3D Fisher analysis was not able to perform correctly. The signature of the infrasound waveform with altitude is examined in detail, obtained by the vertical measurement of infrasound. It is showing up- and down-going waves in both explosion signals which can only be seen in the 3D vertical measurements. Ray tracing confirms the existence of these different waves. In summary, this research shows the added value of measuring infrasound in 3D.Civil Engineering and GeosciencesGeoscience & EngineeringDouble degree Applied Geophysic
Some remarks on optimizing production cycle times for CFRTP products
No full textAerospace Engineerin
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