223 research outputs found
Selectivity for dimers in pentene oligomerization over acid zeolites
No full textThe reactions of 1-pentene over acid zeolites were investigated in the liquid phase at 473 K. The primary reactions were isomerization, dimerization, and subsequent cracking of dimers. Zeolites consisting of only 10-membered (MFI) or 12-membered rings (FAU, BEA) behaved similarly, with dimerization and subsequent cracking products observed. Zeolites possessing 8-membered ring pores (MOR, FER) showed very different selectivity from each other and from other zeolites. MOR showed almost complete conversion of C10 olefins, such that hexene and butene from cracking were the dominant products. FER showed high activity and selectivity for dimerization, with very small amounts of cracking products observed.Peer reviewe
The Impact Of Industry-specific Real Exchange Rate On Firm Performance
No full textTez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, 2012Thesis (M.Sc.) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Social Sciences, 2012Reel döviz kuru, bir ülke mal ve hizmetlerinin uluslararası rekabet gücünü belirlemesi ve dolayısıyla da dış ticaretini ve ekonomisini etkilemesi bakımından bir ekonominin en önemli değişkenlerinden biridir. Bu nedenle, açık ekonomilerde ekonomi politikalarını belirleyen karar vericiler reel döviz kurundaki değişiklikleri yakından izlerler. Reel döviz kurunun makroekonomik etkileri konusunda geniş bir literatür bulunmasına rağmen, mikroekonomik analizler oldukça sınırlıdır. Mikro düzeye inildiğinde, her sektördeki dış ticaret ortaklarının ve ticaret paylarının farklılaşmasından dolayı sektörlerin ve farklı sektörlerdeki firmaların maruz kaldığı reel döviz kurlarının farklılaşması da muhtemeldir. Bu durum, reel döviz kurunun mikro düzeydeki etkileri konusunda iki soru ortaya çıkmaktadır: Reel döviz kurundaki değişmeler firma performansını nasıl etkilemektedir? ve reel döviz kurları her sektör için değişmekte midir? Bu tez, Türkiye'de yedi sektör için reel döviz kurlarını hesaplamayı ve kurdaki değişikliklerin 102 büyük ölçekli firmanın performansına etkilerini analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Veriler, 2003-2010 dönemi için İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası'nda hisseleri işlem görmekte olan bu 102 firmanın mali tablolarından alınmıştır. Firma performansı, yurtiçi satışlar, yurtdışı satışlar, toplam satışlar ve katma değer olmak üzere dört kriterle ölçülmekte ve çalışmada panel veri analizi uygulanmaktadır. Fiyat düzeyi olarak Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYİH) deflatörü ve imalat sanayi fiyatları kullanılmış, nominal kur için de iki farklı hesaplama yapılarak dört sektörel reel döviz kuru serisi oluşturulmuştur. Her sektör için Türkiye'nin en önemli 10 dış ticaret ortağıyla olan ticaret miktarları ağırlık olarak kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca bir ihracat fonksiyonunun temel faktörlerinden olan yurtdışı geliri, Türkiye'nin en çok ihracat yaptığı 10 ülkenin GSYİH değerlerinin ihracat paylarıyla ağırlıklandırılmasıyla hesaplanmıştır. Modelde ayrıca ortalama ücretler, firma yaşı, kişi başına düşen sermaye stoku ve sektörel gelir, kontrol değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Hemen hemen bütün reel döviz kuru serileri Türk Lirasının (TL) 2003-2010 yılları arasında değer kazandığını göstermektedir. İktisat teorisi, ulusal paranın değer kazanmasının ihracatı olumsuz etkileyeceğini, ama yurtiçi üretim ve satışı ise cesaretlendireceğini tahmin etmektedir. Toplam satış üzerindeki net etki ise bu değerlenmenin yurtiçi ve yurtdışı satışların üzerindeki etkisinin yönüne ve büyüklüğüne bağlı olacaktır. Yapılan ekonometrik analizler sonucunda, sektörel reel döviz kurunun firma performansını gösteren yurtiçi, yurtdışı ve toplam satış değerleri ile katma değer üzerindeki etkilerinin istatistiki olarak anlamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Ancak teorik beklentilerin aksine, reel döviz kurundaki artış (paranın değer kaybetmesi) söz konusu değişkenlerde bir azalmaya neden olmaktadır. Bu sonuç, birçok sektörde ortalama % 40'ı bulan ithal girdi kullanımı, iç piyasaya yönelme ve özellikle yurtiçi satışlar için büyük firmaların pazar payının artmış olmasıyla açıklanabilir. Bu tez, sektörel reel döviz kurlarının firma performansını nasıl etkilediğine dair dünyada sayılı Türkiye'de ise ?bilindiği kadarıyla? ilk örnek olması nedeniyle önem taşımaktadır.Real exchange rate is one of the most important variebles of any economy as it affects the competitive power of goods and services in international markets, foreign trade and thus whole economy. For that reason, decision makers tend to observe the changes in the real exchange rate closely in designing economic policies particularly in open economies. Although there is an exhaustive literature on macroeconomic effects of the real exchange rate, microeconomic analyses are quite limited. As the trade partners and trade shares vary across industries, a firm in an industry may be exposed to different real exchange rate than the firms in other industries. That fact brings about two related questions at micro level: How do the changes in real exchange rate affect firm performance? And are the real exchange rates different for each industry? This thesis aims to construct sectoral real exchange rate series for seven sectors and to analyse the effects of real exchange rate on firm performance with a sample of 102 large-scale companies. Data are collected from balance sheets of 102 firms whose shares are traded in Istanbul Stock Exchange Market for the period 2003-2010. Firm performance is measured by four indicators: domestic sales, exports, total sales and value added; and a panel data analysis is performed. Four real exchance rate series are constructed: the first two series use gross domestic product (GDP) deflators and the others use manufacturing prices as price indexes. Trade volumes of 10 leading trade partners by each sector are used as weights. Foreign income, one of the main determinants of an export function, is also computed from the GDPs of 10 leading trade partners by sectors and aggregated by respective export shares. The model also includes average wages, firm age, capital-labour ratio and sectoral income as control variables. Almost all real exchange rate series indicate an appreciation of Turkish Lira between 2003-2010. Economic theory predicts that appreciation of the local currency discourages exports, but encourages domestic production and sales. The impact of total sales is determined by the net effects on domestic sales and exports. The empirical analyses conclude that the real exchange rate has a statistically significant effect on sales, exports and value added of the firms. However, appreciation of real exchange rate influences exports positively, a finding contrary to the theoretical expectations. This result can be explained by the rising shares of imported inputs (40% on average in many sectors) in production, the focusing on domestic markets and (particularly for domestic sales) the rising market share of large firms. The novelty and importance of this thesis comes from being the first study ?to the author?s knowledge? constructing the sector-specific real exchange rates and using them to analyse firm performance in Turkey.Yüksek LisansM.Sc
Prof. Dr. Osman Turan’a göre din ve Türk cihan hakimiyeti
No full textPROF. DR. OSMAN TURAN’A GÖRE DİN VE TÜRK CİHAN HÂKİMİYETİ (ÖZET) Tayfur KOZAN Bir Selçuklu tarihçisi olan Osman Turan 1914 yılında Trabzon ili Çaykara ilçesi soğanlı köyünde dünyaya geldi. Kendisi Kurunoğulları olarak bilinen çok eski bir aileye mensuptur. İlkokulu Çaykara’da okuyan Turan, orta öğreniminin bir dönemini Trabzon Erkek Lisesi’nde, geri kalanını ise 1935 yılında Ankara Erkek Lisesi’nde okuyarak tamamladı. 28 Mart 1940 yılında Ankara Üniversitesi Dil Tarih ve Coğrafya Fakültesi’nden mezun oldu ve aynı yıl Prof. M. Fuat Köprülünün yanında ilmi yardımcı olarak göreve başladı. 1941’de “On iki Hayvanlı Türk Takvimi” isimli araştırmasıyla Doktor unvanı aldı. 5 Mart 1952 yılında profesörlüğe getirildi. 1957 seçimlerinde DP’ den milletvekili seçilen Turan, 27Mayıs 1960 askeri müdahalesi sonrası yassı adaya götürülmüş ve burada Onatlı buçuk ay hapis yatmıştır. Selçuklu Tarihi üzerine birçok kitap neşreden, çeşitli gazete ve dergilerde köşe yazarlığı yapan turan, 17 Ocak 1978 yılında İstanbul’da vefat etmiştir. Osman Turan’a göre kültür ve medeniyet, içtimaî bir gerçekliktir ve temelinde din olgusu yatar. Yani Turan’a göre milli ve dini unsurlardan müteşekkil bir kültürün yükselmesi, medeniyeti meydana getirir. Bunun tersi durumda ise manevi kıymetler manzumesinde bir takım sarsıntılar meydana gelir. Osman Turan’a göre din değiştirmek bir toplumun hayatı, tarihi, kültürü ve kaderi üzerinde, köklü sonuçlar içeren bir olaydır. Türkler gibi pek zorlama olmadan İslam dinini gönüllü olarak seçen milletler için, bunun sonuçları da köklü olmuştur. Türk kültür ve medeniyeti açısından bir dönüm noktası olan bu duruma göre Türkler, İslam’ı seçtikten sonra sadece dinlerini değiştirmekle kalmamışlar sosyal hayatın bütün akislerini bu yeni dine göre yeniden şekillendirmişlerdir. Tanzimat’la beraber batılılaşmaya başlayan Türk toplumu, bu tarihten sonra milli ve dini kimliklerinden kopmaya başlamıştır. RELIGION AND THE DOMINATION OF THE TURKS OVER THE WORLD: AN EXAMINATION OF PROFESSOR OSMAN TURAN’S VIEWSTayfur KOZAN Osman Turan, who is the historian of Seljuk Empire, was born in the village Soganlı in the county Çaykara in the city Trabzon in 1914. He is a member of the well known family, Kurunogulları who are an ancient family. Mr. Turan was graduated from the primary school which is in the Çaykara. He completed his secondary education at the “Ankara Erkek” High School in 1935 whereas he had started his secondary education at the “Trabzon Erkek” High School. Then he was graduated from Language, History and Geography Faculty of Ankara University in the March 28, 1940. And he started to work as the scientific assistant of Prof. M. Fuat Köprülü in the same year. He has taken the doctor’s degree by his research named “On iki Hayvanlı Türk Takvimi” in 1941. He has been given a professorship in the March 5, 1952. He entered to the parliament from DP in 1957. After the military intervention at the 27th May in 1960, he was imprisoned sixteen and half months in “Yassı Ada”. He has published many books about the history of Seljuk Empire and also he has written in some different newspapers and periodicals. He died in Istanbul at the 17th January in 1978. According to Osman Turan, culture and civilization are social realities and they are based on religion. In other words, advance in the culture which is composed of national and religious components produces civilization. On the contrast situation, some shakes occur in the system of spiritual values. Conversion of religion is a situation that has radical results on the life, history, culture and fate of a society. The results of it has been radical for the folks, such as Turks who have chosen Islam as their faith voluntary. According to these circumstances that is very critical for the culture and civilization of Turks, they have not only changed their faith but also they have formed all the parts of the social life according to this new religion. The Turkish society, who has started to westernize by “Tanzimat”, has begun to depart from their national and religious identity after “Tanzimat”
Risk assessment in mice and men
No full textUncertainty is a ubiquitous property of both physical and mental realms. Goal-directed actions that take place under these conditions thus probabilistically predict their consequences. Traditional decision-making research has shown that particularly humans are non-normative decision-makers under uncertainty. On the other hand, considering the cognitive system as an output of evolutionary history, it is not unlikely that it models the uncertainties that partly determine the consequences of its actions. It is also natural to assume that the same system uses these models of uncertainty originating from multiple stochastic processes along with its metric representation of the consequences in planning its actions. Indeed, more recent research has shown closer to optimal performance in decision-making tasks in which the uncertainty was experienced and/or originated from the sensori-motor system. In this research, we investigated this very process in the context of temporal decision-making in both human and mice subjects. We further used this experimental context to answer the essential questions regarding the functional architecture of mind. This questioning specifically targeted the degree of representational and computational power needed to account for decision-making under uncertainty. In order to answer this question, we conducted computer simulations providing different degrees of representational substitution/power and compared their outputs to the empirical data. We conclude that both human and mice are optimal decision-makers under uncertainty that originates from extrinsic and intrinsic (mental) stochastic processes and observed performance can be better explained by information-processing rather than associative frameworks of mind.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-157)
Demokrat Parti Meclis grubu müzakere zabtı : 17 Nisan 1951
No full textDemokrat Parti Meclis Grubu Genel Kurul toplantısı 17 Nisan 1951 Salı günü saat 15:00'da Fuat Hulusi Demirelli`nin başkanlığında toplandı. 1- Antalya Milletvekili Dr. Fatih Dalaman'ın II. Cihan Harbinden beri askerde hastalanan memleket çocuklarının tedavilerinde Hükümet olarak ne gibi hizmetler görülmekte olduğu hakkında sözlü sorusu. 2- Zonguldak Milletvekili Hüseyin Balık'ın Bartın Belediyesinde suçları görülen elemanların cezalandırılması hakkında sözlü sorusu. 3- Zonguldak Milletvekili Abdurrahman Boyacıgiller'in Grup toplantılarında her 15 günde bir Milletvekillerinin serbest konuşması hakkında sorusu. 4- Zonguldak Milletvekili Abdurrahman Boyacıgiller'in merkezi bir propaganda bürosu kurulması hakkındaki önergesi
Development of univariate control charts for non-normal data
No full textThesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir, 2006Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 50-51)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 75 leavesIn this study, a new control chart methodology was developed to address statistical process monitoring issue associated with non-normally distributed process variables. The new method (NM) was compared aginst the classical Shewhart control chart (OM) using synthetic datasets from normal and non-normal distributions as well as over an industrial example. The NM involved taking the difference between the specified probability density estimate and non-parametric density estimate of the variable of interest to calculate an error value. Both OM and NM were found to work well for normally distributed data when process is in-control and out-of control situation. Both methods could be returned back to normal operation upon feeding in control data. In case of non-normally distributed data, the OM failed significantly to detect small shifts in mean and standard deviation, however the NM maintained its performance to detect such changes. In the application to an industrial case (data were obtained from a local cement manufacturer about a 90 micrometer sieve fraction of the final milled cement product), the NM methodology outperformed the OM by recognizing the change in the mean and variance of the measured parameter. The data were tested for its distribution and were found to be non-normally distributed. Violations beyond the control limits in the new developed technique were easily observed. The NM was found to successfully operate without the necessity to apply run rules
Development of univariate control charts for non-normal data
No full textThesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Materials Science and Engineering, Izmir, 2006Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 50-51)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxii, 75 leavesIn this study, a new control chart methodology was developed to address statistical process monitoring issue associated with non-normally distributed process variables. The new method (NM) was compared aginst the classical Shewhart control chart (OM) using synthetic datasets from normal and non-normal distributions as well as over an industrial example. The NM involved taking the difference between the specified probability density estimate and non-parametric density estimate of the variable of interest to calculate an error value. Both OM and NM were found to work well for normally distributed data when process is in-control and out-of control situation. Both methods could be returned back to normal operation upon feeding in control data. In case of non-normally distributed data, the OM failed significantly to detect small shifts in mean and standard deviation, however the NM maintained its performance to detect such changes. In the application to an industrial case (data were obtained from a local cement manufacturer about a 90 micrometer sieve fraction of the final milled cement product), the NM methodology outperformed the OM by recognizing the change in the mean and variance of the measured parameter. The data were tested for its distribution and were found to be non-normally distributed. Violations beyond the control limits in the new developed technique were easily observed. The NM was found to successfully operate without the necessity to apply run rules
Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: An Alternative Perspective
No full textThe Bottom of the Pyramid (BOP) has emerged as one of the dominant ideas in business. Cognizant of the overwhelming attention BOP has attracted and its potential impact on the billions of the poor and on managerial practices, the author analyzes the different aspects of BOP approach on how large corporations can serve low income customers profitably. An attempt is made to provide an alternate perspective on the BOP concept. I argue for the facilitation of selective consumption by the poor by avoiding their undesirable inclusion (marketing products that are not likely to enhance their wellbeing or products that are likely to be abused by them) and exclusion (not offering products that are likely to enhances their wellbeing) in target market selection decisions by the private sector organizations. A framework is presented for assessing the appropriateness of large corporations’ participation in BOP markets. I also emphasize the need to strengthen the role of the poor as a producer for rapid poverty alleviation.
THE IDEAL STATE CONCEPTION IN ABU;L HASAN AL-?M?R?
No full textThe subject of politics, in classical Islamic political thought, was discussed by philosophers, theologians and fiqh scholars. Besides, we can consider the political philosophy of Ibn Khaldun, which is based on observation and scientific data. In this way, Islamic political thought has thriven in three styles. The science of politics, in Islamic Philosophy, is begun with Farabi and followed by names, like; Amiri, Ibn Sina and Nasiruddin Tusi. Theologians and fiqh scholars have showed interest on the subject of politics and touched on the topics, such as; Leadership, justice, council and imamate, starting from the fundamental sources of religion, at the end of their works. Espicially, thoughts of Ghazali, Mawardi and Ibn Taymiyya on politics have been discussed in the world of science. In the style, put forth by Ibn Khaldun; The establishment, development and termination of states expressed not in a historical context, but on the basis of observation within the conditions of its time. Ibn Khaldun's manner is evaluated as more rational and scientific than others.Amiri was born in Nishapur at the beginning of the 10th century and got his first education from his father, Abu Zerr Muhammed b. Yusuf. Later, at the age of 18, he received his philosophy education from Ebu Zeyd Ahmet B. Sehl el-Belhi, who was a student of El-Kindi, who was accepted as the first philosopher in the history of Islamic thought. As a philosopher from Nishapur, Amiri, who was in many centers of science, improved his achievement in philosophy in this way. We estimate that there are many reasons why Amiri was interested in practical philosophy. Farabi , who became famous with the title of second teacher, had systematically found the subjects of practical philosophy, such as; morality, virtue, happiness and politics. Farabi , who named this system Ilmul-Medeni, was also a source of inspiration for many thinkers and philosophers after him. One of these names is, certainly, Amiri. The things that Amiri does not include in the name of political philosophy; Farabi , Plato, Aristotle, revelation, hadiths and persian sources. Amiri interpreted all these internal and external components without compromising the basic principles of Islam, and created a distinctive moral-politics philosophy.The 10th century Abbasid State, in which Amiri lived, lost the lands under its control, and was independent in their internal affairs and dependant on the Abbasid caliphate in foreign policy. Samani and Buwayhid States forced the Abbasid State, politically, and the Abbasids followed a policy of balance against these two. The century in which Amiri lived is the century when there was no political unity and many religious fragmentations. It is thought that Amiri inclined to the political philosophy due to these and similar reasons. Farabi , the founder of the science of Islamic philosophy and politics, offered the terminology and epistemology related to this field in his works. Amiri, who appeared as a political philosopher after Farabi , was influenced also by Farabi with regard to this field and achieved in bringing new and different terminology and epistemology to the philosophy of politics. Amiri uses terms such as; Ruler, ruled, law, city, emperor, tyrant, being happy and bringing happiness in his works. Also, Amiri, inspired by Farabi , presented the qualities of being a director.To Amiri, being a director is not a duty that everyone can do, and the director must first be a philosopher
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