102,096 research outputs found
Comments on treatment of EXAFS data taken in the fluorescence mode in non-linear conditions by G. Ciatto et al. (2004). J. Synchrotron Rad. 11, 278-283
No full textThe author of the comment rightly suggests the improvement of
our data-correction method II by taking into account the dead time of
the fast channel of the digital electronics. In our paper, we preferred
to neglect the dead time of the fast channel since we did not have a
reliable measurement of it, but could only estimate it from the
trapezoidal filter length. If we compare the nominal value of the slow
channel dead time reported in the XIA manual (about 8.2 ms) and the
one we have measured from the data (9.1 ms) we find an evident
disagreement; thus, we were not completely confident in using the
estimated value of 0.8 ms for the fast channel dead time...
Towards XMAS: eXplainability through Multi-Agent Systems
No full textIn the context of the Internet of Things (IoT), intelligent systems (IS) are increasingly relying on Machine Learning (ML) techniques. Given the opaqueness of most ML techniques, however, humans have to rely on their intuition to fully understand the IS outcomes: helping them is the target of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). Current solutions – mostly too specific, and simply aimed at making ML easier to interpret – cannot satisfy the needs of IoT, characterised by heterogeneous stimuli, devices, and data-types concurring in the composition of complex information structures. Moreover, Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) achievements and advancements are most often ignored, even when they could bring about key features like explainability and trustworthiness. Accordingly, in this paper we (i) elicit and discuss the most significant issues affecting modern IS, and (ii) devise the main elements and related interconnections paving the way towards reconciling interpretable and explainable IS using MAS
Neuro-symbolic Computation for XAI: Towards a Unified Model
No full textThe idea of integrating symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches to make intelligent systems (IS) understandable and explainable is at the core of new fields such as neuro-symbolic computing (NSC). This work lays under the umbrella of NSC, and aims at a twofold objective. First, we present a set of guidelines aimed at building explainable IS, which leverage on logic induction and constraints to integrate symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches. Then, we reify the proposed guidelines into a case study to show their effectiveness and potential, presenting a prototype built on the top of some NSC technologies
Local structure in dilute nitrides probed by X-ray absorption spectroscopy
No full textWe describe the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with synchrotron radiation to study the local structure in dilute nitrides. After a brief description of the advantages of XAS to probe local atomic arrangements in semiconductor alloys and nanostructures we focus our attention on (InGa)(AsN). We discuss data which demonstrate that atomic ordering (in the form of an excess of In-N over Ga-N bonds) is present, but is significantly weaker than predicted; also we show that the experimental values for the bond lengths are in agreement with recent models which take into account strain due to pseudomorphic growth
2P-Kt: logic programming with objects & functions in Kotlin
No full textMainstream programming languages nowadays tends to be more and more multi-paradigm ones, by integrating diverse programming paradigms—e.g., object-oriented programming (OOP) and functional programming (FP). Logic-programming (LP) is a successful paradigm that has contributed to many relevant results in the areas of symbolic AI and multi-agent systems, among the others. Whereas Prolog, the most successful LP language, is typically integrated with mainstream languages via foreign language interfaces, in this paper we propose an alternative approach based on the notion of domain-specific language (DSL), which makes LP available to OOP programmers straightforwardly within their OO language of choice. In particular, we present a Kotlin DSL for Prolog, showing how the Kotlin multi-paradigm (OOP + FP) language can be enriched with LP in a straightforward and effective way. Since it is based on the interoperable 2P-Kt project, our technique also enables the creation of similar DSL on top of other high-level languages such as Scala or JavaScript—thus paving the way towards a more general adoption of LP in general-purpose programming environments
Local structure of Hydrogen defects in nitride sem iconductors
No full textThe objective of the proposed experiment is to determine lattice location of H and possible formation of H complexes, along with their local structure using X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). XAS is the technique of choice in view of the atomic selectivity and high resolution in real space . Together with high-resolution XRD and nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and ab-initio density functional theory (DFT) simulation of the atomic structure, XAS has been shown by some of the proposers to be an extremely powerful tool to determine the structure of hydrogen complexes in dilute nitrides, such as GaAsN and GaPN. The same methods previously used for dilute nitrides will be applied in the present case
Logic Programming library for Machine Learning: API design and prototype
No full textIn this paper we address the problem of hybridising symbolic and sub-symbolic approaches in artificial intelligence, following the purpose of creating flexible and data-driven systems, which are simultaneously comprehensible and capable of automated learning. In particular, we propose a logic API for supervised machine learning, enabling logic programmers to exploit neural networks - among the others - in their programs. Accordingly, we discuss the design and architecture of a library reifying APIs for the Prolog language in the 2P-Kt logic ecosystem. Finally, we discuss a number of snippets aimed at exemplifying the major benefits of our approach when designing hybrid systems
Italian national consensus conference on prostate cancer screening (Florence, May 17, 2003)--final consensus document.
No full textReSpecTX: Programming interaction made easy
No full textIn this paper we present the ReSpecTX language, toolchain, and standard library as a first step of a path aimed at closing the gap between coordination languages – mostly a prerogative of the academic realm until now – and their industrial counterparts. Since the limited adoption of coordination languages within the industrial realm is also due to the lack of suitable toolchains and libraries of reusable mechanisms, ReSpecTX equips a core coordination language (ReSpecT) with tools and features commonly found in mainstream programming languages. In particular, ReSpecTX makes it possible to provide a reference library of reusable and composable interaction patterns
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