22,174 research outputs found
Jurachresmoda Zhang, Ren, Pang & Shih, 2008, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Jurachresmoda gen. nov. Zhang, Ren and Shih Type species. Jurachresmoda gaskelli sp. nov. Zhang, Ren and Shih Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Jurassic and Chresmoda (the type genus of this family). Gender: feminine. Diagnosis. Antennae, filiform, with more than 18 segments, are shorter than the fore femora, and covered with short hairs. Mid femora are the longest. Mesothorax is elongated, length ratio of prothorax: mesothorax: metathorax is approximately 3.0: 5.6: 3.3. Female possesses long wings, which exceeding the body length (included the ovipositor). Comparison. Jurachresmoda is closely related to Chresmoda Germar, 1839, but can be distinguished by the following characters: elongate mesothorax and long and segmented cerci in the nymph are absent in Chresmoda. Saurophthiroides Ponomarenko, 1986, is represented only by one specimen (probably a nymph) without wings. The nymph of the new genus differs from it by larger body size, longer antennae, wings buds and segmented cerci. Sinochresmoda Zhang, Ren & Pang, 2008, can be distinguished from Jurachresmoda by characters that the fore tibia is shorter, approximately 40 % of the femur length. Wings are short in Sinochresmoda, not exceeding the length of abdomen; but long in Jurachresmoda, exceeding the length of the abdomen. In addition, the shape of antenna and fringing hairs along the wings are unique in Sinochresmoda.Published as part of Zhang, Xin-Wen, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, A water-skiing chresmodid from the Middle Jurassic in Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Polyneoptera: Orthopterida), pp. 53-62 in Zootaxa 1762 on page 54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18195
Sinochresmoda Zhang, Ren, Pang & Shih, 2008, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Sinochresmoda gen. nov. Zhang, Ren, and Pang Type species. Sinochresmoda magnicornia sp. nov. Zhang, Ren, and Pang Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the Greek prefix sino- (China) and Chresmoda (the type genus of this family). Gender: feminine. Diagnosis. Head small. Both male and female have wings. Antennae exhibit sexual dimorphism. Scape expanded slightly in female, while expanded significantly in male. The first segment of the flagellum is elongated in both genders, but incurvated as a pair of brackets in male, while normally straight in female. Legs are long and narrow with similar shape; mid leg femora are the longest. Coxae on the same side of thorax are far apart from each other. Fringe hairs along the wing margins, a unique feature for Chresmodidae, are dense, wavy and bundled together. Comparison. Sinochresmoda n. gen. is closely related to Chresmoda Germar, 1839, but can be distinguished by the following characters: expansion of the first segment of antennae and male with wings. Fringe hairs along the wing margins are absent in Chresmoda. Saurophthiroides Ponomarenko, 1986, is represented only by one specimen (probably nymph) without wings. The new genus differs from it by larger body size and expansion of the first segment of antennae.Published as part of Zhang, Xin-Wen, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 1702 on page 27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27409
Sinochresmoda magnicornia Zhang, Ren, Pang & Shih, 2008, sp. nov.
No full textSinochresmoda magnicornia sp. nov. Zhang, Ren, and Pang Etymology. A combination of the Latin prefixes Magni- (large) and cornus (meaning corn, referring the antenna’s horn-shape of the male). Material. Holotype: No. CNU-CH-NN 2007004 - 1, - 2, female, a well-preserved part and counterpart, with a visible ovipositor. Paratype: Female specimens: No. CNU-CH-NN 2007005 - 1, - 2; Male specimens: No. CNU-CH- NN 2007001 - 1, - 2; No. CNU-CH-NN 2007002 - 1, - 2 and No. CNU-CH-NN 2007003; Nymph specimen: No. CNU-CH-NN 2007006. No. CNU-CH-NN 2007001, CNU-CH-NN 2007002, CNU-CH-NN 2007004, and CNU-CH-NN 2007005 are part and counterpart specimens. No. CNU-CH-NN 2007003 is smaller than other specimens with its abdomen missing. It is probably a male, because of its “male” antennae, strong and robust, with the first segment strongly expanded. Furthermore, No. CNU-CH-NN 2007006 is a well-preserved nymph, with wing buds and an under-developed ovipositor. Type locality and horizon. Yixian Formation, the Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous, Liutiaogou Village, Ningcheng City, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis. Fore tibia is approximately 40 % of the femur length. Wings, short and not exceeding the length of abdomen, representing approximately 60 % of the body length. Other diagnostic characters are the same as those of generic diagnosis.Published as part of Zhang, Xin-Wen, Ren, Dong, Pang, Hong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, A new genus and species of Chresmodidae (Insecta: Gryllones) from Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous of Yixian Formation, Inner Mongolia, China, pp. 26-40 in Zootaxa 1702 on pages 27-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.27409
Jurahylobittacus astictus Li & Ren & Shih 2008
No full textJurahylobittacus astictus sp nov. (Figs 2A–E, 3C–D) Etymology. This species is named astictus after having no maculae on wings. Material. Holotype CNU-M-NN2007002-1 and CNU-M-NN2007002-2, positive and negative (coll. Shih Chungkun), deposited at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China. Horizon and locality. Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis. Sc-r at about as long as its length before end of Sc; no cross-vein between R 2 and R 1; and no maculae on wings. Description. Lateral view of a complete insect. Rostrum slender; abdomen long and slender, slightly beyond wing tip (Fig. 2 A-C). Wings. Basal part of forewing narrow; gradually broadening from base towards rounded apex; pterostigma slightly dark; sc-r is close to the tip of Sc; M 1+2 dividing far beyond R 4+5; one cross-vein between R 2+3 and R 4; two cross-veins R 4 and R 5; two cross-veins between R 5 and M 1; two cross-veins between M 1 and M 2; two cross-veins between M 2 and M 3; one cross-vein between M 3 and M 4; two cross-veins between CuA and CuP; two cross-veins connecting 1A and 2A; 2A extending almost to level of origin of M; and vein 3A absent (Fig. 2D). Hindwings seem to be identical to the forewings in the venation, but their Sc short, ending distally before the fork of Rs ( Fig. 2E). Abdomen. At least nine visible segments in lateral view (Fig. 2C). Terminal abdominal segments were well preserved, basistyles, aedeagus, cercus and epiandrial lobe visible (Fig. 3 C-D). Body 18 mm long, forewing 12.6 mm long, 3.0 mm wide; hind wing 10.3 mm long, 3.0 mm wide.Published as part of Li, Yan-Li, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China, pp. 38-46 in Zootaxa 1929 (1) on pages 43-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1929.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/523080
Jurataenionema Liu and Ren
No full textGenus Jurataenionema Liu and Ren, gen. nov. Type species. Jurataenionema inornatus Liu and Ren, sp. nov. Etymology. The generic name is taken from the combination of Jura and T aenionema (a genus of Taeniopterygidae) Species included. The type species J. inornatus Liu and Ren, sp. nov. and J. stigmaeus Liu and Ren, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Wings are macropterous, translucent. No additional veinlets on the costal area, c–r present or very faint, sometimes grey pterostigma presents in the terminal space of forewings; Rs with three branches, M and CuA with two long branches, and fork at level of midlength of Rs stem; 5–8 crossveins in the median and cubital areas. Ninth sternite produced, with a median tongue–like erect and then bent forward extension tapering to around or cuspidal tip, tenth tergite transversely wide, sclerotized. Cerci short, eight to ten segments. Remarks. The new genus Jurataenionema differs from the extant genera by the longer cerci and long branches of CuA; differs from the extinct Gurvanopteryx by Rs with three branches and the longer first segment of hind tarsus; differs from the extinct Positopteryx by c–r present, Rs with three branches.Published as part of Liu, Yushuang, Sinitshenkova, Dong Ren Nina D. & Shih, Chung Kun, 2007, The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 1521 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17745
Protaenionema Liu and Shih
No full textGenus Protaenionema Liu and Shih, gen. nov. Type species. Protaenionema fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov. Etymology. Named from a combination of the prefix pro- and Taenionema. Species included. Only the type species P. fuscalatus Liu and Shih, sp. nov. Diagnosis. Wings of normal length, brown. Lack of additional veinlets on the costal area, crossvein c–r absent; Rs and M both with two branches. Ninth sternite produced, distinctly exceeds the tenth segment, not upturned, and the distal margin rounded, tenth tergite transversely wide, sclerotized. Cerci short, multisegmented. Remarks. In the extant genera, c–r is generally present, absent only in Brachyptera and in the glacialis and contorta group of Oemopteryx (Ricker & Ross 1975). Crossvein c–r is absent in this new genus Protaenionema. It is difficult to distinguish this new genus and extant genus Brachyptera and the glacialis and contorta group of Oemopteryx according to the preserved characters of Protaenionema. Brachyptera has developed extra branches (three to five branches) of CuA and cerci with one or two segments, but these important characters are not preserved clearly in Protaenionema; similarly, the typical features (two prongs) of epiproct of Oemopteryx cannot be observed in Protaenionema. The new extinct genus Protaenionema differs from the extinct Gurvanopteryx and Positopteryx by the opaque, slightly brown wings and by the distinctly produced ninth sternite. It differs from the new Jurataenionema by having an Rs with two branches and the fuscous wings.Published as part of Liu, Yushuang, Sinitshenkova, Dong Ren Nina D. & Shih, Chung Kun, 2007, The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 1521 on pages 4-5, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17745
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Full text linkThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China
No full textLi, Yan-Li, Ren, Dong, Shih, Chung-Kun (2008): Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China. Zootaxa 1929 (1): 38-46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1929.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.1929.1.
The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera)
No full textLiu, Yushuang, Sinitshenkova, Dong Ren Nina D., Shih, Chung Kun (2007): The oldest known record of Taeniopterygidae in the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou, Inner Mongolia, China (Insecta: Plecoptera). Zootaxa 1521: 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17745
Formosibittacus macularis Li & Ren & Shih 2008, sp. nov.
No full textFormosibittacus macularis sp. nov. (Figs. 1A–G, 3A–B) Etymology. The species is named macularis after the presence of many maculae on wings. Material. Holotype CNU-M-NN2007001-1 and CNU-M-NN2007001-2, positive and negative (coll. Fang Liang). Deposited at the Key Lab of Insect Evolution & Environmental Changes, the College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University (CNU), Beijing, China. Horizon and locality. Jiulongshan Formation, Middle Jurassic, Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China. Diagnosis. Sc very long, terminating at about three-fifth of the length of wing; sc-r at about two times its length before end of Sc; dark zones along cross-veins and darkened apex in wing membrane. Description. Head. Two antennae less than half as long as body. Rostrum is not preserved (Figs. 1 A-B, D). Legs. In the new genus, fore legs, middle legs and hind legs are visible, but right fore leg is perfectly preserved: it long and lender with a single, predatory tarsal claw, its tarsi with five tarsomeres, and the fifth tarsomere closed against the fourth; third tarsomere with small ventral spines; surface of all legs densely covered with short setae (Figs. 1 C, 2G). Wings. Wing narrow basally; Conspicuous thyridium at the first fork of M; M 1+2 dividing slightly beyond the fork of R 4+5; One cross-vein between R 2 and R 3; two cross-veins between R 2+3 and R 4+5; four cross-veins between R 4 and R 5; four cross-veins between R 5 and M 1; three cross-veins between M 1 and M 2; four crossveins between M 1+2 and M 3+4; one cross-vein between M 3 and M 4; CuA and CuP almost parallel, three crossveins between them before cu a -m 4; 1A joining to 2A by two cross-veins; vein 2A ending slightly beyond the origin of Rs; vein 3A absent (Fig 1E). Hindwings seem to be identical to the forewings, except for the apparent fusion of 1A and CuP, and 2A terminating before the origin of Rs ( Fig. 1F). Abdomen. At least 10 visible segments present (Fig.1D ). The segments are in lateral view except that terminal three abdominal segments are in ventral view. Subanusa lobo and Genital opening visible (Fig. 3 A-B). Body 21mm long; forewing 23mm long, 5.0mm wide; hindwing 20mm long, 4.9mm wide.Published as part of Li, Yan-Li, Ren, Dong & Shih, Chung-Kun, 2008, Two Middle Jurassic hanging-flies (Insecta: Mecoptera: Bittacidae) from Northeast China, pp. 38-46 in Zootaxa 1929 (1) on pages 39-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1929.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/523080
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