4 research outputs found
La Thaïlande dans les publications françaises du début du XIXe siècle
No full textWith the accession of Charles X and the stabilization of interior policy, 1824 marked the revival of the curiosity of French people for far away countries. The newspapers of that period mereby resumed belatedly the information already published in Great Britain. Sailing ships being replaced by steam ships enable the shipping services to increase and create a revival of interest for Thailand, marked by the publication of several hundred articles and a certain number of works ; these writings are, for the most part, at second-hand and only three books escape this rule. The most interesting documents were composed by missionaries. The merchants remained above ail accountants and the diplomats were prisoners of their of reserve. The original publications were, in the first place, accounts of travels, then itineraries, and, finally, propaganda works inspired by the foreign policy of contemporary France.
A certain unity of form emerges from ail this literature, often drawn from the same sources or inspired from observation of the same itinary, nearby always limited to the same towns. The accounts by these travellers were centred on an impression of journeying, often quite far from the reality, for, distorted by an erroneous interpretation of facts, even though effectively observed, or by a shower of distortions in the translation, inevitable by authors ignorant of the Thai language. In the accounts, the author tries to share his Personal experience with the reader while often in the text the discovery of Thailand does not constitute the real object of the work, but rather provides a pretext which allows the reader to quench his thirst for exotic anecdotes and also to help and increase the circulation and the thickness of the publication. The study of these texts informs us as to what the French educated, upper middle-class thought of Thailand and its inhabitants.Avec l'avènement de Charles X et la stabilisation de la politique intérieure, 1824 marqua la renaissance de la curiosité des Français pour les pays lointains. La presse de l'époque se contente alors de reprendre tardivement des informations déjà publiées en Grande-Bretagne. Le remplacement des voiliers par les bateaux à vapeur permet le développement des relations maritimes et suscite un regain d'intérêt pour la Thaïlande, marqué par la publication d'une centaine d'articles et de quelques ouvrages. Ces écrits sont pour la plupart de seconde main et seuls trois livres échappent à cette règle. Les documents les plus intéressants furent rédigés par des missionnaires, les commerçants demeurant avant tout des comptables et les diplomates restant prisonniers de leur obligation de réserve. Les publications originales furent en premier lieu des récits de voyage, puis des itinéraires et enfin des écrits de propagande inspirés par la politique étrangère de la France contemporaine. Une certaine unité de ton se dégage de toute cette littérature, souvent puisée aux mêmes sources ou inspirée par l'observation du même itinéraire presque toujours limité aux mêmes villes. Les récits des voyageurs étaient centrés sur une impression de voyage, souvent assez lointaine de la réalité car faussée par l'interprétation erronée de faits pourtant effectivement observés ou par les déformations de traductions en cascade, indispensables à des auteurs ignorant la langue thaïe. Dans les récits, l'auteur essaie de partager son expérience personnelle avec le lecteur, tandis que souvent dans les compilations, la découverte de la Thaïlande ne constitue pas l'objet réel de l'ouvrage, mais fournit plutôt le prétexte qui permet d'abreuver la soif d'anecdote exotique du lecteur et aide ainsi à faire monter le tirage et l'épaisseur de la publication. L'étude de ces textes nous instruit sur ce que pensait la bourgeoisie française cultivée de la Thaïlande et de ses habitants.Panyarith Sunanta. La Thaïlande dans les publications françaises du début du XIXe siècle. In: Revue française d'histoire d'outre-mer, tome 72, n°267, 2e trimestre 1985. La péninsule indochinoise et les Européens de la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle à 1954 (1re Partie) pp. 155-166
THE LEGAL STATUS OF CHILDREN NOT IN MARRIAGE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE AND ISLAMIC LAW
Get PDFThe study aims to present the phenomena, their contributing variables,and the effects of children\u27s legal status outside of marriage. In thisinstance, the author presents the Cirebon Religious Court\u27s DeterminationNo. 13/Pdt.P/2022/PA—CN case study. Three methods are used to acquiredata: documentation, interviews, and observation. Editing, classification,verification, and analysis are among the methodical steps used in dataprocessing and analysis. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that children lose some of their rights to their biological parents when a marriage fails or is harmed because it does not meet Islamic law\u27s conditions for marriage harmony. The fact that Petitioner I married Petitioner II within the iddah period from her ex-husband is one of the most deadly reasons for marital dissolution in this instance. The child is the most disadvantaged party. Except for a required will, a child cannot be assigned to his biological father, loses guardianship status, and is not entitled to an inheritance in the event of his father\u27s death. The Constitutional Court stepped in to provide clarification in response to this debate by ruling that biological fathers must continue to pay for their children\u27s upbringing, education, and medical care until adulthood.The study aims to present the phenomena, their contributing variables, and the effects of children\u27s legal status outside of marriage. In this instance, the author presents the Cirebon Religious Court\u27s Determination No. 13/Pdt.P/2022/PA—CN case study. Three methods are used to acquire data: documentation, interviews, and observation. Editing, classification, verification, and analysis are among the methodical steps used in data processing and analysis. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that children lose some of their rights to their biological parents when a marriage fails or is harmed because it does not meet Islamic law\u27s conditions for marriage harmony. The fact that Petitioner I married Petitioner II within the iddah period from her ex-husband is one of the most deadly reasons for marital dissolution in this instance. The child is the most disadvantaged party. Except for a required will, a child cannot be assigned to his biological father, loses guardianship status, and is not entitled to an inheritance in the event of his father\u27s death. The Constitutional Court stepped in to provide clarification in response to this debate by ruling that biological fathers must continue to pay for their children\u27s upbringing, education, and medical care until adulthood
Effect of PCL and Compatibility Contents on the Morphology, Crystallization and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PCL Blends
No full textAbstractThis study focused on the effect of PCL on crystalline morphology, isothermally crystallization of PLA in PLA/PCL blends using POM on investigation. The blend with Pluronic used as a plasticizer was also studied. The blends were prepared by melt blending in an internal mixer. The contents of PCL incorporated were varied from 0-30% by weight. The content of Pluronic used in this study was at 2.5, 5 and 7.5 phr. The blends were characterized for their morphology, crystallization and mechanical properties. Melt strength of the blends was also investigated. The morphology of the blends confirmed immiscibility of two polymer phases. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of PLA/PCL blends indicated larger particle size of PCL dispersed in PLA with the increase of PCL contents. Tg of PLA in the blend could not be observed on Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) traces. This was due to the overlapping with Tm of PCL. The presence of Pluronic in PLA/PCL blends resulted in Tms shifting to slightly lower temperatures. The crystallinity of PLA was also decreased. The spherulitic growth of PLA in blends was followed by polarized optical microscope using isothermal condition at 141°C. The spherulite structure was found affected by the presence of Pluronic hence effect on crystallization of PLA. Tensile properties of PLA/PCL blend were suffered with PCL content except for elongation at break which seems to be enhanced. It was found that the presence of pluronic in PLA/PCL blend increased ductility of the blends. At Plurunic of 2.5 phr and PCL content of 10-20% by weight, tensile strength of these blends was increased. This was explained by the fine dispersed PCL particles facilitated orientation of PLA chain after proportional limit and hence increased tensile strength. With higher content both PCL and Pluronic, large PCL particle size was disadvantaged for tensile properties
A Role of Cellulose Binding Module of the Thermophilic Endoglucanase TbCel12A
Get PDFEndoglucanases are enzymes that play an important role in hydrolysis of lignocellulose by attacking glycosidic linkages in cellulose fibers and other glucans. The cellulose binding module (CBM) is responsible for binding the enzyme to the substrate. However, CBMs in certain enzymes interfere with substrate hydrolysis resulting in moderate or low activity. In a previous study, the processive endoglucanase TbCel12A including its CBM had low activity towards carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). To assess the effect of the CBM, the catalytic domain of TbCel12A was produced without the CBM. The TbCel12A catalytic domain without the CBM hydrolyzed CMC 23 times more rapidly, while the pH and temperature optima and thermotolerance remained unchanged compared to full-length TbCel12A. Therefore, TbCel12A does not require the CBM for CMC hydrolysis and its application may be improved without it
