1,205 research outputs found
Prediction of survival in terminal cancer patients in Taiwan: constructing a prognostic scale
No full textTerminal cancer patients’ wishes and the influencing factors toward the artificial provision of nutrition and hydration in Taiwan
No full textA professional perspective: Solving Family-related Barriers to Truthfulness in Cases of Terminal Cancer in Taiwan
No full textSegmenting Mechanomyography Measures of Muscle Activity Phases Using Inertial Data
No full textThis dataset contains the data used in our manuscript titled "Segmenting Mechanomyography Measures of Muscle Activity Phases Using Inertial Data". Data structure is explained in the README.txt file located at the top-level of the dataset. Manuscript title in the README.txt file and contained in the title of the zip file are of a previous working title. Please contact corresponding author Richard B. Woodward for any questions.</span
Mixed-Mode Fatigue Disbond on Metallic Bonded Joints
No full textAerospace structures have been long dealing with the safety versus weight issue. Lighter airplanes are cheaper to operate, however, they may face a safety issue because of the reduced fatigue life. Consequently, a heavier/safer structure is designed. Adhesive bonding is a joining technique that offers potential for improvement in the fatigue behavior of a structure, resulting in reduced weight. However, predicting the fatigue behavior of a bonded joint for its use in a damage tolerance design philosophy still remains a problem with no satisfactory solution. Often, the joint is subjected to a combination of peeling and shearing stresses. Hence, one of the most important factors influencing the fatigue behavior of an adhesively bonded joint is the Mode Ratio. The objective of this investigation was to study of the Mode Ratio on the fatigue behavior of a bonded joint. First, the fatigue disbond mechanisms were investigated throughout the entire Mode Ratio range and compared to fatigue delamination mechanisms. After the mechanisms were identifed, a parameter related to the mechanisms was chosen as similitude in the Paris relation and the Mixed-Mode fatigue disbond model was developed. Later, the model was evaluated on a different adhesive and on a condition of variable Mode Ratio. The fatigue disbond mechanisms study identified the local principal stress as the driving force for the micro-crack formation and growth, and the Mode Ratio was identified as the controlling parameter for coalescence between the micro-cracks. Based on these findings, a parameter directly related to the principal stress was proposed as a similitude parameter. Additionally, a linear interpolation between Mode I and Mode II parameters of the Paris relation was proposed to predict the Mixed-Mode fatigue behavior. Thus, the model predicts the fatigue behavior for the entire Mode Ratio range using only pure Mode I and pure Mode II as inputs. The evaluation of this model revealed that it presents good predictions for Mode Ratios in the range of 0% to 50% and conservative predictions in the range of 50% to 100%. The model also seems to be valid in a variable Mode Ratio condition. The limitations and shortcomings of the model along with the limitations of using a damage tolerance philosophy on adhesive bonding were discussed. Despite these issues, the model is an improvement over the models available in the literature because it captures some of the phenomena involved in the Mixed-Mode fatigue disbond. Additionally, the model also reduces the amount of empirical data required for its implementation.Aerospace Structures and MaterialsAerospace Engineerin
Modified Hydrotalcites as Smart Additives for Improved Corrosion Protection of Reinforced Concrete
No full textCorrosion of reinforcing steel is a major culprit to durability and serviceability of concrete structures. This problem is highly relevant for civil engineering structures in the transport sector, such as bridges, tunnels, harbour quays and parking structures. The dominant aggressive external influence is the chloride load from de-icing salts or sea water, penetrating the concrete and destroying the natural (high pH) passivation of the steel. The direct and indirect costs of reinforcement corrosion are substantial, as it entails additional repair, rehabilitation, and monitoring activities to ensure the safety, functionality and aesthetics of concrete structures and components. In addition, many repairs have a short working life, necessitating repeated repairs within the use life. Consequently, the construction industry is in need of improving the corrosion protection of reinforcing steel, preferably by low-cost measures. Presently available corrosion preventive measures are either too costly or technically too complicated to be applied on a wide scale. Stainless steel reinforcement is 5 or 10 times more expensive than reinforcing (carbon) steel. Cathodic prevention and protection may be effective but both are a special niche expertise and are thus not applied on a wide scale. Coatings on the concrete surface normally do not last long enough (10-20 years), which causes a maintenance cycle of its own. Corrosion inhibitors seem to be attractive owing to their low cost and the ease and flexibility of application. However, there are conflicting opinions about the reliability of the inhibitors for corrosion protection in concrete in terms of long-term efficiency; some are toxic, such as nitrites. A possible promising solution to overcome this problem is the encapsulation/immobilization of desired inhibitors within the molecular structure of a host compound. The immobilized inhibitor then can be slowly released in a controllable way by an external stimulus (e.g. chloride ions) and therefore provide a relatively long-term corrosion protection. Owing to the unique fine tunable molecular structure and high anionic exchange capacity, modified hydrotalcites (MHTs) have the potential to be used for the immobilization of a desired inhibitor. Hydrotalcite is one representative of large mineral group of Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs), in general formula [MII1-x MIIIx (OH)2]x+ [(An-x/n)]x-·mH2O, where MII and MIII are di- and trivalent metals respectively, and An- is an interlayer charge-balancing anion with valence n. The x value is in the range 0.20-0.33. Although the most common anion found in naturally occurring hydrotalcites is carbonate, in practice however, there is no significant restriction to the nature of the interlayer charge-balancing anions. The MHT structure can accommodate various cations in the hydroxide layers with varying MII/MIII ratios as well as a wide range of anionic species in the interlayer regions. Within the MHT family, a class of materials with emerging importance is that constituted by MHTs intercalated with organic species. In addition, increasing awareness of the health and ecological risks has drawn much attention to amino acid-based inhibitors because they are nontoxic, environmentally friendly, relatively cheap and easy to produce with higher purity. Therefore, the marriage of the two kinds of materials is expected to not only offer an improved inhibiting effect than using the inhibitor alone but also to impose less impact on environment. Recently a study on the application of amino acid modified hydrotalcites in cementitious materials has formed the basis of a patent (WIPO Patent, WO 2011/065825 A1). However, its scale was relatively small and further work was considered necessary by the applicants and their organisations. In this research, four different types of sodium salts of amino acids (i.e., Glycine, 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, and p-aminobenzoic acid) were proposed as potential candidates for the modification of hydrotalcite. Sodium nitrite was also chosen as a modification candidate for comparison purposes due to its well-recognized inhibition performance in concrete. Based on the anti-corrosion performance evaluation in chloride contaminated simulated concrete pore solution (Chapter 3), sodium nitrite, sodium salt of p-aminobenzoic acid (pAB) and sodium salt of 11-aminoundecanoic acid (11AUA) were selected as the most promising candidate modifiers for synthesis of MHT. Subsequently, six MHTs (two Mg/Al atomic ratios of 2.2 and 2.7, which were denoted as 2 and 3 respectively) were synthesized through the modification of two commercially available carbonate Mg-Al hydrotalcites PURAL® MG 63 HT (Mg/Al atomic ratio 2.2) and PURAL® MG 70 HT (Mg/Al atomic ratio is 2.7) by NaNO2, pAB and 11AUA (Chapter 4). They were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry (TG), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and relevant elemental analysis. The ion exchange characteristics of the six synthesized MHTs and their anti-corrosion performance were investigated in chloride-rich simulated concrete pore solution (Chapter 5). The results showed that ion exchange occurred between free chloride ions in the simulated concrete pore solution and the inhibitive anions intercalated in MHT, thereby reducing the free chloride concentration which is equivalent to increased binding of chloride in mortar/concrete. Moreover, the simultaneously released anions, in particular -pAB, were found to exhibit a notable inhibiting effect and caused shifting of the corrosion initiation of steel to a higher chloride concentration level. This evidence manifested the dual role protecting function that MHT (in particular, Mg(2)Al-pAB) offers to the steel: capturing chlorides as a chloride scavenger and providing of a beneficial release of corrosion inhibitors in parallel as an inhibitor reservoir further protecting reinforcing steel from corrosion. The effects of two MHTs, i.e., Mg(2)Al-NO2 and Mg(2)Al-pAB, were investigated in both plain and reinforced mortar specimens with a focus on their interaction with chloride ions in plain mortar (Chapter 6) and in reinforced mortar, mainly focusing on their inhibition influence on corrosion of the reinforcing steel (Chapter 7). In plain mortar, the two MHTs were incorporated at two dosage levels replacing 5% and 10% mass of cement. A testing programme including workability test, strength test, porosity test, and rapid chloride migration and diffusion test was employed to investigate the effect of the two MHTs on chloride penetration in mortar. The results indicated that the incorporation of Mg(2)Al-pAB at 5% dosage in mortar produced a notably improved chloride diffusion resistance with no remarkably negative influence on the development of mechanical strength and workability of fresh mortar, which therefore validated that the Mg(2)Al-pAB could be a promising alternative in hindering the chloride transport in mortar when an appropriate mixing dosage is adopted. In reinforced mortar, the two MHTs were applied in two different ways: (1) as one of the mixing components in bulk mortar at two dosage levels replacing 5% and 10% mass of cement; (2) as a surface coating on the reinforcing steel in a cement paste replacing 20% of the cement mass. Three test methods including electrically accelerated chloride migration, cyclic wetting-drying and natural chloride diffusion test based on chloride exposure were adopted to custom designed reinforced mortar specimen. Although no corrosion was detected after 30 weeks natural diffusion testing, the results obtained from accelerated chloride migration and cyclic wetting-drying test revealed that when an appropriate mixing dosage is adopted and applied in a proper way, the application of MHT either incorporation of a small amount (in particular, Mg(2)Al-pAB to replace 5% weight of cement) in mortar or as a surface coating of the reinforcing steel (Mg(2)Al-pAB or Mg(2)Al-NO2 to replace 20% weight of cement in paste) resulted in delayed corrosion initiation and increased chloride threshold responsible for initiating corrosion. The effects on service life of structures in chloride contaminated environment is estimated, which shows a significant improvement. In general, the research work presented in this thesis met the expectations and goals formulated at the start of the project. As the first exploration on a wider scale into the application of MHT in cementitious materials for corrosion protection purposes, a new type of smart concrete additive based on amino acid modified hydrotalcites (in particular Mg(2)Al-pAB) aiming to combat chloride-induced corrosion has been developed and documented. The results demonstrated that by using such a material, a longer service life of reinforced mortar/concrete structures can be expected. While realizing that more research is still needed for maximizing the beneficial effect of MHT as a functional additive of cementitious materials, some recommendations for further research are given in the last chapter of this thesis (Chapter 8). MHT has a very rich interlayer chemistry and can participate in anion exchange reactions with great facility. Therefore, the scope of application for MHT with combination of different kinds of host metal hydroxides and various interlayer anions with desired specific function in cement-based materials could be significantly expanded. For example, a controlled release formulation based on MHT can be made by encapsulation/immobilization of a desired functional compound within the layered molecular structure of hydrotalcites. This functional compound could be a superplasticizer, a shrinkage reducer, an ASR inhibiting compound, an air-entraining agent, a pore solution viscosity adjuster, a setting accelerator/retarder and probably other any concrete property adjusters. In this respect, we are confident that future work on applications of new types of smart functional concrete additives based on MHTs will expand rapidly and contribute greatly to the effort of searching for effective measures to improve the durability or other properties of reinforced concrete.Structural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Fully Integrated SAW-Less Discrete-Time Superheterodyne Receiver
No full textThere are nowadays strong business and technical demands to integrate radio- frequency (RF) receivers (RX) into a complete system-on-chip (SoC) realized in scaled digital processes technology. As a consequence, the RF circuitry has to function well in face of reduced power supply ( V DD ) while the CMOS device threshold voltage ( V th ) stays almost constant. Therefore, a conventional or continuous-time (CT) approach could not be efficiently utilized to design and implement the SoC, whereas a discrete-time (DT) approach offers the advantage for RF building blocks to operate properly in a smaller headroom. Furthermore, in finer CMOS technologies, transit frequency ( f T ) increases while CT RF building blocks do not benefit except for low-noise amplifiers (LNA). However, the performance of DT RF building blocks improves because of the higher sampling frequency ( f s ), lower power supply, and sharper clock edges provided by technology scaling. Nowadays, most integrated RF receivers are zero-IF (ZIF) because of well- known advantages such as less complicated architecture and easy channel-selection integration. They require many external duplexers, surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, and switches, typically one per band, to attenuate out-of-band (OB) blockers. However, there are many issues associated with ZIF receivers such as time-variant DC offsets, sensitivity to 1 /f (flicker) noise, large in-band LO leakage, and second- order nonlinearity. For solving those issues, high-performance cellular SAW-less ZIF receivers now require extensive calibration efforts. For example, an intensive input 2 nd -order intercept point (IIP2) calibration must be simultaneously operated in the background with DC offset and harmonic rejection (HR) calibrations. Also, this calibration is susceptible to many factors such as variations in power supply, process corner, temperature, RF blocker frequency, local oscillator (LO) frequency, LO power, and channel frequency. On the other hand, a superheterodyne architecture pushes the IF frequency much higher so that the aforementioned problems are eliminated. Despite the advantages, the superheterodyne radios have not been utilized in cellular receivers simply because of the difficulty with integration of a high quality (Q)-factor band-pass filter (BPF) for image rejection in CMOS using CT circuitry. In this thesis, a new class of filters, i.e., charge-sharing (CS), is discussed that is being invented and developed to be utilized in not only superheterodyne but also in ZIF receivers. The proposed filter not only filters OB-blockers but also rejects interferers at the harmonic of LO frequency which is an extraordinary advantage especially for SAW-less receivers when there is no external filtering prior to the receiver input. Using these techniques, for the first-time ever, the superheterodyne receiver is proposed that meets the specification for SAW-less receivers. Chapter 1 briefly provides an overview of the blocks inside conventional RF radio transceivers. It mentions that there is a tendency in RF transceivers to support many of the multi-mode/multi-band communication standards such as Fourth Generation (4G) cellular application, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi in one SoC. Also, the organization of the thesis has been described in details in this chapter. Chapter 2 establishes a common background for this thesis. Furthermore, it provides the background information for different sampling modes of operation such as subsampling (1x), half-rate sampling (2x) and full-rate sampling (4x) together with their frequency translations. Also, the technical mathematic background related to nonlinearity is briefly consolidated in this chapter. Chapter 3 discusses the first implemented DT superheterodyne receiver that utilizes the full-rate (4x) sampling mode of operation to solve a number of issues related to previous DT receivers. Chapter 4 explores performance capabilities and limitations of the proposed CS-BPF. A complex quadrature charge-sharing technique is proposed to implement a CS-BPF with a programmable bandwidth. It operates at the full sampling rate (4x), which was described in Chapter 2. Also, the complete noise analysis of the proposed CS-BPF is investigated. Additionally, the CT model of the CS-BPF is presented, and the filtering characteristic of proposed model has excellent agreement with the simulation result of the DT circuit. Finally, the implemented chip is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS, and the measured results are compared with simulations. Chapter 5 explores the possibility of creating a high quality (Q)-factor BPF at a very high IF because the CS-BPF proposed in Chapter 4 does not provide adequate selectivity. As a result, a highly reconfigurable superheterodyne RX is proposed that employs a 3rd-order complex IQ CS-BPF for image rejection and 1st-order feedback based RF-BPF for channel selection filtering. The proposed RX is the first attempt to achieve high-Q factor BPF at a very high-IF without replicas and images. Furthermore, the chip is fabricated in 65 nm CMOS technology, and the simulated results are completely verified by the measured results. Chapter 6 proposes and demonstrates the first-ever fully integrated SAW-less superheterodyne receiver for 4G cellular applications. The low-power DT RX introduces various innovations that simultaneously improve noise and linearity performance: a highly linear wideband noise-canceling LNTA, a blocker-resilient octal CS-BPF, and a cascaded harmonic rejection circuitry. The chip is fabricated in 28 nm CMOS technology, the characteristics of the fabricated chip are extensively measured, and the results are compared with the simulations. Chapter 7 draws the conclusions of this thesis work and provides recommendations for future research.Microelectronics & Computer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
All-Digital I/Q RF-DAC
No full textDue to the severe cost pressure of consumer electronics, a migration to an advanced nanoscale CMOS processes, which is primarily developed for fast and low-power digital circuits operating at low supply voltages, is necessary, but it forces wireless RF transceivers to exploit more and more digital circuitry. These basic CMOS properties tend to coerce the design of wireless functions towards the digital domain where transistors are utilized as switches rather than current sources. Within the past decade, there have been tremendous efforts towards implementing fully-digital or digitally-intensive RF transmitters in which they demonstrate transmitter designs that operate from baseband up to the pre-power amplifier (PA) stage entirely in the digital domain. In view of this digitalization, the RF transmitter modulator, being the nearest to the antenna as it converts digital baseband modulation samples into an RF waveform, is considered the most critical building block of the transmitter, and it can be in the form of either a polar, Cartesian (I/Q), or an outphasing topology. For wide modulation bandwidths, due to their direct linear summation of the in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) signals and thus the avoidance of the bandwidth expansion, Cartesian modulators are substantiated as the most appropriate choice over their polar or outphasing counterparts. Since the effective modulating sample resolution is the utmost important parameter as it directly impacts the achievable dynamic range, linearity, error vector magnitude (EVM), noise floor, and out-of-band spectral emission, this thesis proposes a wideband, high-resolution, all-digital orthogonal I/Q radio-frequency digital-to-analog (RF-DAC). Chapter 1 briefly provides an overview of the conventional RF radio building blocks. It is discussed that contemporary RF transceivers must support most of multi-mode/multiband communication standards such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and Fourth Generation (4G) of 3GPP cellular. In Chapter 2, four types of RF transmitter architectures have been briefly described. The analog I/Q modulators are the most straightforward and widely employed RF transmitters. They are later replaced by analog polar counterparts to address their poor power efficiency and noise performance. On the other hand, in the analog polar RF transmitters, their related amplitude and phase signals must be aligned or spectral regrowth is inevitable. Utilizing digitally intensive polar RF transmitters mitigates the latter alignment issue. Nonetheless, polar transmitters suffer from an additional issue that is related to their nonlinear conversion of in-phase and quadrature-phase signals into the amplitude and phase representation. Therefore, the polar RF transmitters are not able to manage very large baseband bandwidth of the most stringent communication standards, therefore, reusing I/Q modulators based on digitally intensive implementation appears to be a reasonable approach to resolve this issue. The digital I/Q RF transmitters, however, suffer again from inadequate power efficiency. Moreover, the combination of in-phase and quadrature phase paths must be orthogonal to produce an undistorted-upconverted-modulated RF signal. In Chapter 3, a novel all-digital I/Q RF modulator is described. Employing an upconverting RF clock with a 25% duty cycle ensures the orthogonal summation of Ipath and Qpath, which avoids nonlinear signal distortion. It was clarified that electric summing of I and Q digital unit array switches is the most appropriate I/Q orthogonal summation approach. Moreover, to address all four quadrants of the constellation diagram, the differential quadrature upconverting RF clocks must be utilized. In addition, it was explained that employing switches instead of utilizing current sources leads to superior noise performance of the all-digital I/Q transmitter. In Chapter 4, a novel 2×3-bit all-digital I/Q (Cartesian) RF transmit modulator is implemented which operates as an RF-DAC. The modulator performs based on the concept of orthogonal summing, which is introduced and elaborated in Chapter 3. It is based on a time-division duplexing (TDD) manner of an orthogonal I/Q addition. By employing this method, a very simple and compact design featuring high-output power, power-efficiency and low-EVM has been realized. The resolution of the experimental RF-DAC presented in this work is only 3-bit (including one sign bit), but it will be demonstrated in the following chapters that the resolution can be increased to 8–12 bits in an unequivocal manner for utilization in multi-standard wireless applications. In Chapter 5, the system design considerations of the proposed high-resolution, wideband all-digital I/Q RF-DAC are discussed. It is demonstrated that the upsampling clock frequency (fCKR), DRAC resolution (Nb), and memory length (lmem) are three important parameters that affect the dynamic performance of the proposed RF-DAC. Based on system level simulation results and the limitation in implementing the RF-DAC test-chip, they are designated as fCKR=300 MHz, Nb=12 bit, and lmem=8 k-word. The effect of these parameters on the in-band as well as out-of-band performance of RF-DAC are investigated. It is concluded that exploiting 13 bits of resolution for quadrature baseband signals is sufficient to meet the most stringent communication requirements. In Chapter 6, the theory and the design procedure of an innovative, differential, orthogonal power combining network, which is employed in the proposed all-digital modulator, is thoroughly explained. It is demonstrated that, in order to maintain an orthogonal operation between the in-phase and quadrature-phase paths, the effect of the power combiner on the in-phase and quadrature-phase paths must be considered, otherwise, the linear summation will not occur. As a result, the EVM and linearity performance will diminish. The power combiner consists of a transformer balun as well as its related programmable primary and secondary shunt capacitors. In order to achieve high efficiency at full power of operation, a class-E type matching network is adopted and subsequently modified in order to obtain a minimum modulation error. A switchable cascode structure is exploited to mitigate a reliability issue as well as to perform a mixer operation. Moreover, utilizing a switchable cascode structure also improves the isolation between quadrature paths. Furthermore, it is explained that the power combiner efficiency is primarily related to the transformer balun efficiency. A procedure is introduced in order to design an efficient, compact balun transformer. Also, it is explained that the RF-DAC operates as a class-B power amplifier at the power back-off levels. As a result, its performance in the power back-off region is lowered. In Chapter 7, the implemented wideband, 2×13-bit I/Q RF-DAC-based all-digital modulator realized in 65-nm CMOS is presented. Employing the orthogonal I/Q combining approach which is proposed in Chapter 3 guarantees the isolation between in-phase and quadrature-phase paths. The 4×f0 off-chip single-ended clock is converted to a differential version employing an on-chip transformer. The wide swing, low phase noise, high-speed dividers are incorporated to translate the 4×f0 differential clock to the fundamental frequency of f0. In the meantime, the complementary quadrature sign bit is used to address four quadrants of the related constellation diagram. The 25% differential quadrature clocks are generated using logic-AND operation between 2×f0 differential clock and f0 differential quadrature clocks. The 12-bit DRAC is implemented employing a segmentation approach, which consists of 256 MSB and 16 LSB thermometer unit cells. The layout arrangement of the DRAC unit cell proves to be very crucial. It was concluded that the vertical layout would be the most appropriate selection. The LO leakage and I/Q image rejection technique as well as two DPD memoryless techniques of AM-AM/AM-PM and constellation mapping are introduced, which will be extensively utilized in the measurement segment. In Chapter 8, the high-resolution wideband 2×13-bit all-digital I/Q transmitter, which was introduced in Chapter 7, is thoroughly measured. First, the chip is tested in continuouswave mode operation. It is demonstrated that, with a 1.3V supply and, of course, an on-chip power combiner, the RF-DAC chip generates more than 21dBm RF output power within a frequency range of 1.36–2.51 GHz. The peak RF output power, overall system, and drain energy efficiencies of the modulator are 22.8 dBm, 34%, and 42%, respectively. The measured static noise floor is below -160 dBc/Hz. The digital I/Q RF modulator demonstrates an IQ image rejection and LO leakage of -65 dBc and -68 dBc, respectively. The RF-DAC could be linearized employing either of the two digital predistortion (DPD) approaches: memoryless polynomial or a lookup table. Its linearity is examined utilizing 4/16/64/256/1024-QAM baseband signals while their related modulation bandwidth can be as high as 154 MHz. Using AM-AM/AM-PM DPD improves the linearity by more than 25 dB while the measured EVM is better than -28 dB. Moreover, the constellation-mapping DPD is applied to the RF-DAC which improves linearity by more than 19 dB. These numbers indicate that this innovative concept is a viable option for the next generations of multi band/multi-standard transmitters. The realized demonstrator can perform as an energy-efficient RF-DAC in a stand-alone digital transmitter directly (e.g., for WLAN) or as a pre-driver for high-power basestation PAs. Chapter 9 draws the conclusions of the this thesis work and provides recommendations for future research and directions in the field of all-digital RF transmitters for wireless communication applications.Microelectronics & Computer EngineeringElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
A dissertation on the influence of the passions in the production and modification of disease ...
No full textWith inscription from the author to Valentine Mott on p. [4].Inaugural diss. (M.D.) - College of Physicians & Surgeons, N.Y. (1816).Thesis - College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York.Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Mode of access: Internet
A short account of the malignant fever, lately prevalent in Philadelphia [electronic resource] : with a statement of the proceedings that took place on the subject in different parts of the United States. To which are added, accounts of the plague in London and Marseilles; and a list of the dead, from August 1, to the middle of December, 1793. By Mathew Carey.
No full textSeveral states noted. Evans 26735 records states of 112 p. (incomplete?; no copy located), 159 p. (Austin 412), and 160 p. (Austin 411). Evans 26736 records a state with 164 p. and no comma after the word "subject" in the title (Austin 413). Evans 26737 records a state with [2], 164 p., printed wrappers, and a comma after the word "subject". Austin 414, which may describe this last state, records the comma, but does not mention the [2] preliminary pages, and reports "without the printed wrappers mentioned by Evans." - Blue printed wrappers.Statistics gathered in Philadelphia, August to November, 1793, including meteorological observations compiled by David Rittenhouse, p. [113-120].Signatures: [A]p4s B-Op4s P-Qp2s R-Xp4s Yp2sEvans,Evans,Evans,Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Austin, R.B. Early Amer. medical imprints,Electronic reproduction.English Short Title Catalog,Reproduction of original from British Library
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