536 research outputs found
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Qing dai Taiwan jun gong zhan chuan chang yu jun gong jiang /
No full textZuo zhe hao qu zi cong shu ming.Fu lu: qing dai fu jian tai wan jun gong zhan chuan chang nian biao.Can kao shu mu: mian 177-189.Taiwan resource centre for Chinese studie
Zi you zhu yi chuan tong yu Taiwan xian dai zhu yi wen xue de jue qi /
No full textCan kao shu mu: mian 175-185.Taiwan resource centre for Chinese studie
A Comparative Study of Gel Polymer Electrolytes based on PVDF-HFP and Liquid Electrolytes Containing Imidazolinium Ionic Liquids with Different Carbon Chain Lengths in DSSCs
No full textMao zhu xi yu lu, yao dou si pi xiu, Mao Zedong si xiang xuan chuan yuan, Zhong gong zhong yang guan yu wen hua da ge ming de jue ding, zhong yang wen ge xiao zu, hong wei bing zhan bao: liu qi guo qing zhuan kan
No full text春雷紅衛兵宣传隊.题名及丛书由编目者拟定.Chun lei hong wei bing xuan chuan dui.Ti ming ji cong shu you bian mu zhe ni ding
Baoguangdaoren mi chuan yan ke
No full text葆光道人秘傳.綫裝.框19.3x13.5公分, 10行20字. 白口, 四周單邊, 單黑魚尾. 版心中鐫"眼科龍木"及卷次, 下鐫葉次.卷一細分為上, 中, 下卷, 卷二至六細分為前, 後卷.書名頁刻"眼科龍木論, 葆光道人秘傳, 大文堂藏板".卷首附"葆光道人秘傳眼科", 版心題為"眼科龍木論". 卷一上卷題為"秘傳眼科龍木醫書總論", 其餘卷題為"秘傳眼科龍木總論".《醫籍考》卷六十八收錄此書, 對其内容及著者略加考證.前有明萬曆三年[1575]王問序, 言"毅所侍御黃公患其集未廣布, 命梓之以傳".《中國古籍善本書目》(子2416)著錄萬曆三年[1575]刻本, 與此種版本不同. 《中國中醫古籍總目》10069著錄"清刻本大文堂藏板"鈐"莊兆祥印"朱, 白文各一方.Xian zhuang.Kuang 19.3 x 13.5 gong fen, 10 hang 20 zi. Bai kou, si zhou dan bian, dan hei yu wei. Ban xin zhong juan "Yan ke long mu" ji juan ci, xia juan ye ci.Juan yi xi fen wei shang, zhong, xia juan, juan er zhi liu xi fen wei qian, hou juan.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Detailed notes in vernacular field only.Baoguangdaoren mi chuan.Qian "Zhuang Zhaoxiang yin" zhu, bai wen ge yi fang
The relationship between co-authorship, currency of references and author self-citations
No full textThis paper attempts to identify the relationship between co-authorship and the currency of the references and author self-citations in the key journals of environmental engineering. The results show that the self-citation rate of co-authored articles is higher than in single-authored articles. A statistically significant correlation is identified between the numbers of co-authors, the rate of author self-citing and the author self-cited; though it was a low correlation. The value of coefficient correlation between the number of co-authors and the author self-citing rate is slightly higher than that between the number of co-authors and the author self-cited rate, which indicates that the number of co-authors hold a stronger correlation with the self-citing rate than the self-cited rate. Meanwhile, self-citing references are found to be more up-to-date than references to others. The range of publication years of self-citing references is smaller than that of references to others, indicating that researchers tend to preferentially cite their own recent works. There is no significant difference in the latest references between self-citing references and the references to others. It might result from electronic journals that provide an easy access to the most current publications.補正完畢國外SSCIY紙本電子版HU
Wen xuan lou cong shu wei ke wan gao ben.
No full textHong ge xie ben.Dai kan shu mu -- Dai gou shu mu -- Jin shi hui yuan -- Ying chuan yu xiao -- Ri sun zhai bi ji.Photocopy.Mode of access: Internet
Echinovelleda mumuae Bi & Mu 2024, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Echinovelleda mumuae</i> Bi & Mu, sp. nov. <p>(Figs. 11, 12, 20, 23, Map 1)</p> <p> <b>Type material</b>. <b>Holotype:</b> male, “ CHINA, Yunnan, Shizong / Junzishan / 2,100–2,400 m, 2022.VII.28–VIII.1 / leg. Wen-Xuan Bi ” (IZAS).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b>: 42 males, 25 females, same data as the holotype (CBWX); 1 female, same data as the holotype (IZAS); 1 male, 1 female, same data as the holotype (SHEM); 3 females, same locality as the holotype, “ 2022.VII.28 em. VIII.15 / leg. Wen-Xuan Bi ” (CBWX); 1 female, ditto except “em. X.9” (CBWX); 10 males, 5 females, ditto except “ 2022.VII.26–VIII.1 / leg. Jin-Teng Zhao ” (CCCC); 1 male, 1 female, same locality as the holotype, “ 2,142 m, 2023.V.16, leg. Yan-Quan Lu ” (CCCC); 1 male, ditto except “ 2,150 m, 2023.VI.21 ” (CCCC); 2 males, 4 females, “ China, Yunnan, Gejiu / Jiaodingshan / 2,200 –2,480 m, 2022.VIII.2–3 / leg. W.-X. Bi & J.-T. Zhao ” (CBWX); 2 males, ditto except “ 2,300 –2,490 m, 2022.VIII.2 / leg. Jin-Teng Zhao ” (CCCC); 1 male, “ China, Yunnan, Gejiu / Shenxianshui / 2,100 m, 2022.VI.30 / local collector (CMC); 2 males, 1 female, “ China, Yunnan, Wenshan / Laojunshan / 2,100 –2,200 m, 2022.VIII.4 / leg. Jin-Teng Zhao ” (CCCC); 1 female, “ China, Yunnan, Wenshan / Baozhushan / 2, 300 m, 2022.VIII.5 / leg. Wen-Xuan Bi ”(CBWX); 1 female, “ China, Yunnan, Wenshan / 5km N of Yaodiancun / 2,000 m, 2022.V / local collector” (CMC).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Male (Fig. 11). BL = 12.8–16.1 mm, BW = 4.3–5.7 mm. Integument of body and appendages mostly dark brown, antennomeres III to XI, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum reddish brown. Head, pronotum, ventral surfaces and legs mostly covered with light brown pubescence intermixed with sparse pale hairs and dark brown setae, which are relatively sparser on head and pronotum. Head with three tawny vittae vaguely situated between the antennal tubercles and behind the upper eye lobes. Antennal scape and pedicel clothed with similarly colored pubescence as head, antennomeres III to VIII covered with fine yellowish pubescence, becoming denser on each apex. Pronotum with dense tawny pubescence covered on the tips of discal calli, around the base of lateral spines, and forming two longitudinal stripes situated at sides behind the midlength, which is not reaching posterior margin (these maculae are indistinct or almost absent in some individuals), and with a short narrow median stripe of yellowish pubescence at base. Scutellum densely clothed with yellowish pubescence except for a narrow glabrous midline. Elytra predominantly covered with fine light brown pubescence; each elytron provided with a large transverse velvety macula of blackish pubescence near apical third and a few same colored however much smaller spots behind it, and with a few small yellowish to pale pubescent spots mainly scattered along the lateral margin and on apical third.</p> <p>Head with frons rugose, coarsely punctate; lower eye lobe 1.7 times as long as width, nearly as tall as gena. Antennae moderately long, AL/BL = 1.5–1.8; scape rugose, coarsely punctate; antennomere III 1.4 times as long as scape, 1.2 times as long as antennomere IV.</p> <p>Pronotum 1.1 times as long as basal width, the width across lateral spines about 1.6 times of basal width; lateral spine short, thickened at base with subacute apex; disk moderately convex, sparsely and finely punctate, with three main prominent calli arranged in an inverted triangle, and a few setigerous granules converging at sides of the posterior callus. Scutellum rounded triangular.</p> <p>Elytra ca. 1.7 times as wide as pronotal base, EL/EW = 1.7; slightly widened from humeri to midlength, then gradually convergent toward conjointly rounded apices, moderately convex near basal two-thirds in lateral view; humeri broadly rounded, gently constricted, depressed dorsolaterally; each elytron with series of glabrous, mostly rounded granules (or tubercles) forming one longitudinal row and two carinae, of which one short mesal carina (or represented by a large oval swelling) is about quarter of elytral length situated at base near the scutellum, one lateral (sometimes indistinct) row close to the elytral epipleuron, extending from the humerus to apical two-fifths, and one dorsolateral carina extending behind the humeral depression to apical one-fourth, with posterior edge thickened and prominent, formed by several converging granules; disk also scattered with a few small granules mainly on basal half. Hind wings highly reduced, less than two-fifths of elytral length. Metaventrite shortened, subequal to mesoventral length. Legs moderately long; metafemora roughly reaching elytral apices.</p> <p> Male genitalia. Tergite VIII, tegmen and median lobe as in Fig. 20. Endophallus (Fig. 23) similar to that of <i>Echinovelleda guoliangi</i> (cf. Fig. 24) except for the MT+CT slightly constricted at basal third, MT and CT well defined by a dorsal constriction, CT relatively more curved dorsally and ltc relatively larger.</p> <p>Female (Fig. 12). BL = 13.3.– 17.4 mm, BW = 5.1–6.6 mm. Almost identical to male in general appearance. Body relatively stout. Appendages relatively shorter. AL/BL = 1.3. EL/EW = 1.6–1.7.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The new species is dedicated to Mu Mu, the daughter of the second author.</p> <p> <b>Distribution (Map 1).</b> China: Yunnan (Shizong County; Wenshan City; Gejiu City).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> This new species superficially resembles <i>E</i>. <i>inermis</i>, however can be readily separated from it by the pronotum with light colored spots or stripes usually more distinct and well-defined, scutellum relatively lighter colored due to the dense light colored pubescent coverings, elytra markedly bearing a pair of large blackish subapical macula, appendages relatively longer, endophallus with MT not coarsely wrinkled, CT not constricted at ventral side, basal part of PB not constricted distally and bb roughly present. The similarities of the endophallic structures between this species and <i>E</i>. <i>guoliangi</i> indicate their close relationship (cf. Figs. 23 and 24). However it can be distinguishable by the external characters which associated with the loss of flight capability, i.e., the moderately constricted humeri, the shortened elytra with reduced hind wings and the shortened metaventrite, also by the comparatively short antennae.</p>Published as part of <i>Bi, Wen-Xuan, Mu, Chen & Lin, Mei-Ying, 2024, Taxonomic studies on the genera Echinovelleda Breuning, 1936 and Propedicellus Huang, Huang & Liu, 2020 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae, Lamiini), pp. 65-78 in Zootaxa 5399 (1)</i> on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5399.1.5, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10477787">http://zenodo.org/record/10477787</a>
EXPOSURE TO VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS WHILE COMMUTING IN TAICHUNG, TAIWAN
No full textThe objective of this study was to compare volatile organic
compounds (VOC) concentrations from six main roads in Taiwan
's third largest city (Taichung) and determine factors that
affect VOC concentrations. Twenty-two VOC compounds were
determined on six roads using US E.P.A method TO-17, 0.2 g
of Carbopack B was used as an adsorbant collector and
thermal desorption and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(
GC/MS) techniques were used to analyze VOCs, Results showed
that car and motorcycle commuters were exposed to the
highest VOC concentrations on Ta-Ya Road (2149 and 1343 mu g
m(-3), respectively). Except for Ta-Ya Road and Chung-Kang
Road, motorcycle commuters were exposed to higher VOC
concentrations than their driving counterparts. Four
sampling periods were used in the study; exposure to VOC
concentrations was highest from 7:30 to 8:30 AM for
motorcycle commuters (1515 mu g m(-3)) and from 5:00 to 6:00
AM for car commuters (1071 mu g m(-3)), while
concentrations for all commuters were lowest from 2:00 to 3:
00 P.M. Concentrations were negatively correlated to
percentage of vacant lots along the road (PVL), yet not
correlated to traffic volume. The ratios for toluene,
benzene, xylene, and ethylbenzene (T : B: X: E) were similar
for car commuters (5.5 : 2.1 : 2.6: 1.0) and motorcycle
commuters (5.7 : 2.0: 2.6 : 1.0) which, combined with other
published data, strongly suggest a vehicular source for
hydrocarbons in Taichung. Comparing these concentrations,
Taichung was slightly lower than Taipei but 2-30 times
higher than cities of other countries. It is concluded that
the chronic exposure to high concentrations of hydrocarbons
may pose a serious health risk to commuters in Taichung (C)
2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
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