137 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-isp-10.1177_00207640231216924 – Supplemental material for Systematic review and meta-analysis of internalised stigma and stigma resistance in patients with psychosis: The impact of individualism-collectivism culture and other individual factors
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-isp-10.1177_00207640231216924 for Systematic review and meta-analysis of internalised stigma and stigma resistance in patients with psychosis: The impact of individualism-collectivism culture and other individual factors by Min Yi Sum, Charmaine Tsz Wing Wong, Sin Ting Chu, Angel Li, Athena Hoi Ting Lee, Eric Yu Hai Chen and Sherry Kit Wa Chan in International Journal of Social Psychiatry</p
CUHK electronic theses & dissertations collection
No full textWong, Sin Ting.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-107).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 27, October, 2016)
Paraneoplastic pemphigus: A retrospective case series in a referral center in northern Taiwan
No full textBackground/Objectives: Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a rare mucocutaneous disease with a high mortality rate. It is defined by polymorphic mucocutaneous manifestations, particular histological features, characteristic results of direct and indirect immunofluorescence examinations, presences of specific autoantibodies, and associations with underlying neoplasms. However, currently, there is no existing study regarding the characteristics of PNP patients in Taiwan. In this study, we report a case series and try to determine the specific presentations of PNP patients in Taiwan.
Materials and methods: PNP patients treated in a referral center in northern Taiwan from 1998 to 2012 were retrospectively recruited. The clinical manifestations, histopathological features, findings of direct and indirect immunofluorescence, results of immunoblotting, and all relevant clinical information were collected.
Results: Eleven patients were identified with an average age of 62 years. Polymorphic mucocutaneous manifestations were observed in almost all patients. The most common presentation was pemphiguslike lesions, followed by lichen planus-like lesions. All patients had recalcitrant oral mucosal lesions. Five and four patients had genital and eye involvements, respectively. The mostly associated neoplasm is Castleman's disease, followed by malignant thymoma. Acantholysis is the mostly observed histological features, followed by lichenoid dermatitis and interface dermatitis. Depositions of immunoglobulins or complements on the surface of keratinocytes or along basement membrane zone were found in eight and seven patients, respectively. Respiratory symptoms presented in eight patients. Despite intensive treatments, seven patients expired.
Conclusion: PNP in Taiwanese patients has a high association with Castleman's disease or malignant thymoma. Complete laboratory examinations and thorough investigations for occult neoplasms are mandatory to establish a diagnosis in patients with clinical suspicions of PNP. Copyright (C) 2013, Taiwanese Dermatological Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved
The Study of Split-Gate Non-Volatile Memory Technology
No full text本研究主題為分離式閘極非揮發性記憶體製程改進及電性分析研究。記憶體中使用一種類似LOCOS的製程可用來產生一個多晶矽尖角，以增強電場，並藉由Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling作記憶胞(memory cell)抹除(erase)。我們發現穿隧氧化層(tunnel oxide) 電荷捕捉效應，在不同的抹除電壓下，當記憶胞讀取是操作在線性區時，較高的抹除電壓會導致較快的記憶胞電流下跌，也就是說更多的電荷被捕捉到。對浮極(floating gate)接出的元件作F-N tunneling測試時，當跨在氧化層的電場愈高，則愈多的電子被捕捉到。經過250O C烘烤之後，在愈高電壓下氧化層所捕捉到的電荷愈難被釋放出來。
針對full-featured EEPROM，我們提出一種高源極偶合比(coupling ratio)的設計用在分離式閘極記憶胞，其記憶胞面積小於22F2 。一般傳統的記憶胞須要一個選擇電晶體，所以面積無法很小。利用禁止(inhibited)源極電壓加在沒選到的記憶胞，就可達到bit-抹除的功能。此記憶胞擁有很好的抗程式(program)和抹除干擾(disturb)的能力。且可通過300k次程式/抹除耐受度(endurance)測試；而且經過耐受度測試後，此記憶胞會有更好的抗抹除干擾的能力。
此外，我們首先提出一種p型的分離式閘極快閃(flash)記憶胞加入一個多晶矽尖角的結構可降低抹除電壓到12V。我們也評估通道熱電洞撞擊產生熱電子(channel-hot-hole impact ionization induced channel-hot-electrons (CHE))和能隙到能隙穿隧產生的熱電子(band-to-band tunneling induced hot electrons (BBHE))等兩種程式的方法。BBHE 的方法比起用CHE 在注入效率上，大約多了兩個數量級。此記憶胞亦擁有很好的抗程式干擾的能力，而程式干擾是一個主要的問題，在p型的堆疊式閘極記憶胞，此兩種程式方法皆可達到300k次的耐受度測試。
在多晶矽氧化時，鳥嘴(bird’s beak)會伸到氮化矽層下，特別是沿著多晶矽的grain boundary，如此會造成浮極的間距大小不一，甚至會連在一起，如此則記憶胞的面積便無法再縮小。我們提出使用氨氣來氮化多晶矽的表面，可避免鳥嘴連在一起和浮極的間距不均勻；浮極的間距可因此從0.09 mm改善到0.03 mm。由XPS 的分析可發現經過氨氣氮化的多晶矽表面的氧化氮化矽層的厚度小於5 nm。
我們也首先利用0.13 mm 銅製程開發出三重自我對準的分離式閘極快閃記憶胞，自我對準的結構主要是後層對前層的垂直壁做一個spacer。 當記憶胞面積縮小時，由於較大的縱深比，spacer會更容易形成，且形狀更好，長度更易控制。另外此方法所用的製程皆和標準的邏輯製程相容。其字元線的通道長度為0.11 mm，記憶胞的面積小於13F2和堆疊式閘極記憶胞相當。電性分析顯示其程式和抹除的速度皆相當不錯，且可通過300k次的耐受度測試，並有相當好的抗程式干擾的表現。The study presented in this thesis is dedicated to split-gate non-volatile memory process technology improvement and cell characterization. A sharp poly-tip structure, generated by using a LOCOS-like approach is introduced to increase the electric field when the cell is erased using Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling through poly-poly oxide. The tunnel oxide charge trapping effect under various erase voltages is studied. When reading the cell in the linear region, it was found that the higher the erase voltage applied, the faster the cell current degraded, the greater the likelihood of charges being trapped in the oxide. By observing the F-N tunneling stress on floating gate (FG) connected devices, we also found that the higher the electric field across the oxide, the more the electrons are trapped. After 250O C baking, the oxide trapped charges created by the higher stress voltage are more difficult to heal than those created by a lower stress voltage.
A high source-coupling ratio design for full-featured EEPROM composed of one-transistor split-gate cells with a cell area of less than 22F2 is first proposed in this study. This is in contrast to a traditional cell that requires an extra select-transistor and is not effective for cell size when compared to the new design cell. In this design, an inhibited source voltage is used for the unselected cell to achieve bit erase. It has demonstrated excellent program and erase disturb margins and has passed a 300k program/erase (P/E) cycling test. It was found that after the P/E cycling stress, the cell gains a better erase disturb immunity.
A p-channel split-gate flash memory cell, employing a field-enhanced structure, is also demonstrated in this study. The erase voltage is as low as 12 V. In cell programming, both channel-hot-hole impact ionization induced channel-hot-electrons (CHE) and band-to-band tunneling induced hot electrons (BBHE) are evaluated. BBHE shows an injection efficiency of ~2 orders in magnitude higher than that of CHE. The cell also demonstrated an acceptable program disturb window, which is of high concern in a p-channel stacked-gate cell. Both programming approaches can pass 300k P/E cycles.
During poly oxidation, the bird’s beak encroaches under the SiN film, especially along the poly grain boundary, causing non-uniform FG spacing, even bridging, which is an obstacle to cell shrinkage. We proposed an ammonia treatment on the poly to nitridize the poly surface, thereby avoiding bird’s beak bridging. After the ammonia treatment, FG spacing is quite uniform and can be improved from 0.09 mm to 0.03 mm. The XPS analysis on the ammonia treated poly shows the oxynitride thickness is less than 5 nm.
A shrinkable triple self-aligned split-gate flash cell fabricated using a 0.13-mm copper interconnect process is firstly demonstrated in this study. The approach used here to create a self-aligned structure is to form a spacer against the prior layer. Due to a higher aspect ratio when the cell pitch decreases, the profile of the spacer structure becomes sharper. This improves process control of the spacer profile and length. All processes used here are compatible with standard logic process. The word line channel length of the cell is 0.11 mm. The cell area is comparable to that of a stacked-gate cell and can be less than 13F2. Characterization shows considerable program and erase speed, up to 300k P/E cycles, and excellent disturb margins.摘要. I
Abstract. III
Figure Captions. VII
Chapter 1 Introduction. 1
1.1 Non-Volatile Memory Introduction. 1
1.2 An Outline of the Dissertation 2
Chapter 2 The Process and Electrical Characterization of a Split-Gate Cell. 6
2.1 Effect of Erase Voltage on Tunnel Oxide Trapping and Endurance Performance. 6
2.2 Erase Voltage Optimization. 11
Chapter 3 Full-Featured EEPROM Using High Source-Coupling Ratio Design. 20
3.1 Brief Introduction. 20
3.2 Device Fabrication. 21
3.3 Results and Discussion. 21
3.4 Summary. 23
Chapter 4 P-channel Split-Gate Cell with a Field-Enhanced Structure. 33
4.1 Brief Introduction. 33
4.2 Device Fabrication. 34
4.3 Cell Characterization. 34
4.4 Summary. 36
Chapter 5 Using an Ammonia Treatment to Improve the Floating-Gate Spacing. 46
5.1 Brief Introduction. 46
5.2 Experiment. 46
5.3 Results and Discussion. 47
5.4 Summary. 48
Chapter 6 Shrinkable Triple Self-Aligned Field-Enhanced Split-Gate Flash Memory. 55
6.1 Brief Introduction. 55
6.2 Device Fabrication. 55
6.3 Cell Characterization. 57
6.4 Summary. 59
Chapter 7 Summary. 72
7.1 Conclusion. 72
7.2 Prospective Plans. 74
References. 7
Correlation of thiopurine methyltransferase and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase polymorphisms and adverse effects induced by azathioprine treatment in Taiwanese dermatology patients
No full textBackground: Azathioprine is used as an immunosuppressant and corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of several cutaneous diseases. The mutation of thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) and inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPA) has been reported to result in the accumulation of toxic thiopurine metabolites and to increase the adverse effects during azathioprine treatment. In the Chinese population, TPMT*3C and ITPA C94A polymorphisms have been documented.
Methods: Genotyping was performed for TPMT and ITPA polymorphisms in 92 unrelated healthy volunteers and in 74 dermatology patients (46 with adverse effects and 28 without adverse effects) during azathioprine treatment.
Results: Two functional polymorphisms, TPMT*3C and ITPA C94A, were detected. After analysis, ITPA C94A showed weak association with nausea/vomiting induced by azathioprine. Furthermore, we revealed that the ITPA 94 A allele was most common in patients with nausea/vomiting and developing slow-appearing adverse effects (67%), followed by patients with nausea/vomiting but not developing slow-appearing adverse effects (50%) and patients without nausea/vomiting but developing slowappearing adverse effects (25%).
Conclusion: Adverse reaction to azathioprine cannot be predicted by TPMT polymorphism. However, genetic testing of ITPA polymorphism may be more important for the prediction of nausea/vomiting in Taiwanese. Currently, regular blood tests and clinical vigilance remain most important in preventing severe drug reactions during clinical use of azathioprine. Copyright (C) 2013, Taiwanese Dermatological Association. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved
The impact of bright and dark side psychological experiences in Hong Kong secondary physical education
No full textPh.D.This thesis comprises three studies that aimed to examine students’ bright and dark side experiences (three states of need satisfaction, including psychological need satisfaction [PNS], psychological need frustration [PNF] and psychological need dissatisfaction [PND]) under self-determination theory (SDT) and their associations with motivational regulations (autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and amotivation) and physical activity (PA) in junior secondary (Secondary 1 to 3) physical education (PE). A new perspective of PND (low state of self-satisfaction) was incorporated into the analysis. PNS defined as a state of need satisfaction that facilitated self-determined motivation and behaviors. PNF regarded as a state of frustration due to thwarted situations by social contextual influences such as significant others as peers, teachers or parents. PND was a low state of need satisfaction due to personal negative feelings on their insufficiency regarding three basic needs.The first study (Chapter 2) adapted and validated three measurement scales for tapping students’ bright (PNS) and dark (PNF and PND) side experiences in junior secondary PE. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest reliability were employed for adapting and validating the measurement scales. The final scales of PNS (12 items), PNF (12 items) and PND (14 items) for secondary PE reported good model fits. The adapted and validated scales were used in Chapter 3 for examining the associations of students’ different need satisfaction experiences with their motivation and PA in PE.Based on the validated scales in Chapter 2, the second study (Chapter 3) examined the associations of the three states of need satisfaction experiences with motivational regulations and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels, into a Chinese context. Student participants from secondary schools in Hong Kong were invited to complete the questionnaires on reporting their perceived PNS, PNF and PND and motivational regulations in PE and wear waist-bounded accelerometers for measuring MVPA in two PE classes. By using structural equation modelling (SEM), the results indicated that PNS had positive associations with autonomous motivation and MVPA in PE which was consistent with those of precedent empirical studies. PNF and PND had positive associations with controlled motivation and amotivation. Controlled motivation negatively associated with MVPA in PE. Independent impacts were found on PNS, PNF and PND.As independent impacts of the three states of need satisfaction experiences were found in Chapter 3, the third study (Chapter 4) was a qualitative study to identify students’ actual bright and dark side (PNS, PNF and PND) experiences and PE learning environments on the basis of the TARGET (which stands for task, authority, recognition, grouping, evaluation and time) framework among Chinese samples. Students and PE teachers were invited for individual interviews to share their perspectives. The findings showed that students of high PNS group were more motivated in PE than high PND group, who felt rather negative towards PE due to low PE results and embarrassment caused by PE incompetency. High PNF group reported that they feel pressured or forced when being thwarted by others. Among the three basic needs (competence, autonomy and relatedness), competence and autonomy were the main concern.Using multiple research methods, this thesis contributes to the development of SDT in PE dimension and opens up the SDT research in Chinese regions by including the three states of need satisfaction. The findings also prove the importance of maximising students’ bright side (PNS) experiences and minimising dark side (PNF and PND) experiences in secondary PE to achieve their motivational and behavioural outcomes in PE. The three studies facilitate the development of future research and evidence-based guidelines for PE practitioners to link up theory with practice.本論文以自我決定 (SDT) 為理論基礎，由三項研究組成，旨在研究初中 (中一至中三) 學生在體育課正面和負面的經驗 (三種滿足需求狀態：包括心理需求滿足(PNS)、心理需求挫折(PNF)和心理需求不滿足(PND)) 與其體育課參與動機 (自主動機、控制動機和缺乏動機) 和運動量的關聯，嘗試以新角度將PND 的納入作分析。第一項研究 (第二章) 的目的是改編和驗證三份測量表，分析學生在體育課正面 (PNS) 和負面 (PNF 和PND) 的經驗。以探索性因子分析、驗證性因子分析和重測分析檢定三份測量表的可靠性。研究結果顯示三份測量表 ( PNS (12 項)、PNF (12 項) 和PND (14 項) ) 具有良好的數據模型支持其可靠性。這三份測量表將用於第三章作研究之用。第二項研究 (第三章) 旨在研究香港初中學生三種不同滿足需求對其在體育課的參與動機和運動量的影響。參與這項研究的學生需填寫問卷，並於兩節體育課中佩戴測量器量度其運動量。這項研究採用了結構方程模型作分析，結果顯示PNS 與學生在體育課中的自主動機和中高強度運動量呈正相關，這與之前的研究結果一致。此外，PNF 和PND 均與受控動機和缺乏動機有正相關，而受控動機與中高強度運動量呈負相關。第三項研究 (第四章)是一項質性研究，旨在以中國地區的香港學生為樣本，調查其在體育課中三種滿足需求狀態的實際經驗。此外，還根據TARGET（任務、權限、認可、分組、評估和時間）架構了解其體育課的學習環境。研究員邀請學生和體育教師進行個人訪問。研究結果顯示，PNS 偏高的組別對體育課的積極性較高，而PND 偏高的組別因體育成績低和體育能力欠佳而感到尷尬和負面。PNF 偏高的組別由於被外在因素影響而感到壓力或被強迫。在三個基本需求（能力、自主性和與人關係）中，能力和自主性更受關注。本論文採用多種研究方法，通過三個滿足需求狀態的納入，對自我決定理論在體育發展及亞洲地區研究方面開拓新領域。研究結果證明在體育課提高學生正面經驗 (PNS) 及減少的負面經驗 (PNF 和PND) 具有重要意義。本論文有助將理論與實踐結合起來，為未來中學體育研究和教學方法提供具實證的指引。Cheung, Sin Ting Juanita.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2019.Includes bibliographical references.Abstracts also in Chinese; some appendixes also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 12, May 2021)
Preferred Attributes of Waste Separation Behaviour: An Empirical Study
No full textAbstractThis study attempts to identify the preferred attributes for waste separation behaviour among communities in Malaysian universities. Recycling is a plausible path to reduce the amount of waste generated in the country in a sustainable way. Regrettably, less than 10% of the waste in Malaysia is recycled. Separating the waste before recycling is important to avoid contamination of waste, which could diminish the value of recycling while increasing the recycling rate. Results of a preliminary survey conducted on a university campus indicate that the waste separation behaviour in the community on campus is not encouraging. A total of 564 convenience samples were invited from the community of the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia to provide their preferred attribute for waste separation behaviour on campus. A choice-based conjoint analysis identified a set of four attributes to foster waste separation behaviour, comprised of the following attributes: accessibility to the recycle bin, incentive, reminder, and information. Each attribute is associated with a list of sub-attributes. The accessibility to recycle bin attribute was identified by the community as the highest priority attribute for waste separation, with a share of 48%. The set of attributes proposed in this study will help the university management when making decisions and allocating scarce resources to foster waste separation behaviour among the community and fulfilling its social responsibility
Corrigendum to “High-Accuracy Programmable Timing Generator with Wide-Range Tuning Capability”
No full text- …
