1,689 research outputs found
Canon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., The
No full textCanon Walls overhang the road, Shoshone Canon, Cody, Wy., Th
River from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, The
No full textRiver from way north of Shoshone Canon, Cody, WY, Th
Vehicular fuel composition and atmospheric emissions in South China : Hong Kong, Macau, Guangzhou, and Zhuhai
No full textAuthor name used in this publication: Tsai, W. Y.Author name used in this publication: Chu, K. W.2005-2006 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalVersion of RecordPublishedC
Advances of calcium signals involved in plant anti-drought
No full text Considerable progresses have taken place, both in the methodology available to study changes in intracellular cytosolic calcium and in our understanding of calcium signaling cascades, but how calcium signals function in plant drought resistance is questionable. In plant cells, calcium plays roles as a second messenger coupling a wide range of extracellular stimuli with intracellular responses. Different extracellular stimuli trigger specific calcium signatures: dynamics, amplitude and duration of calcium transients specify the nature, implication and intensity of stimuli. Calcium-binding proteins (sensors) play a critical role in decoding calcium signatures and transducing signals by activating specific targets and corresponding metabolic pathways. Calmodulin is a calcium sensor known to regulate the activity of many mammalian proteins, whose targets in plants are now being identified. Higher plants possess a rapidly growing list of calmodulin targets with a variety of cellular functions. Nevertheless, many targets appear to be unique to higher plants and remain characterized, calling for a concerted effort to elucidate their functions. To date, three major classes of plant calcium signals, including calcium permeable ion channels, Ca2+/H+ antiporters and Ca2+-ATPases, have been responsible for drought-stress signal transduction. This review summarizes the current knowledge of calcium signals involved in plant anti-drought and plant water use efficiency (WUE) and presents suggestions for future focus of study
A copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase that confers three types of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity in Arabidopsis.
No full textDecision rights, residual claim and performance: A theory of how the Chinese state enterprise reform works
No full textThis paper is intended to model the process of shifting decision rights and residual claim from the central agent (government) to the inside members of the firm in China, and to analyze how the reform has improved performance of the state-owned enterprises. We show that the bargaining solution between the central agent and the firm is preferred to a one-sided solution, and that managerial discretion of state enterprises can greatly improve efficiency through both its direct incentive effect and indirectly hardening budget constraints. Further improvement of efficiency requires that authority of selecting management is transferred from bureaucrats to capitalists, which implies privatization of the state enterprises. China is already well on its way.EconomicsSSCI10ARTICLE167-82
A Principal-agent Theory of the Public Economy and Its Applications to China
No full textThis paper is intended to model the principal-agent relationship and its associated monitoring-incentive problems of the public economy. The basic findings are: (1) the degree of publicness and the size of the public economy matter: the monitoring effort of the original principals and the work effort of the ultimate agents decrease with the degree of publicness and the size of the public economy; (2) a corrupt public economy can be a Pareto-improvement over the non-corrupt public economy. The first finding sheds some light upon performance comparison between different public economies (such as between Singapore and China). The second finding explains why all socialist economies are corrupt ones. The paper applies the above results particularly to the Chinese economy. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 1998Chinese economy, corruption, hierarchy, principal-agent theory, public ownership,
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