20,109 research outputs found

    Chinese army officer Yen Chu Lee, VMI Class of 1917, in 1918

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    Chinese army officer Yen Chu Lee, Class of 1917. Photo inscribed "to all my friends in VMI from Y.C. Lee, Canton China, Oct 16, 1918.

    Fei-yen wai-zhuan the true era of its birth and investigation of its author

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    Fei-yen wai-zhuan 飛燕外傳 (The Unofficial Biography of [Zhao] Fei-yen) is one of the classical-language fictions in traditional China, describing the famous romance between Emperor Cheng-di 成帝 and Zhao Fei-yen 趙飛燕 sisters in the Former Han Dynasty. The author is attributed with Ling Xüan 伶玄, who definitely had confessed that he was living with the Former Han Dynasty in his brief autobiography. However, it was too suspicious to believe, from the beginning of its appearance in the Southern Song Dynasty, scholars have been puzzled to determine the true era of its birth. Through their discussions, now it is widely accepted that Fei-yen wai-zhuan was born during the Six Dynasties, not in the Tang Dynasty, though it is still lacking in conclusive evidence. But some insist that it could be compared with the great masterpieces of Tang-tales, like Ying-ying zhuan 鶯鶯傳, Li Wa zhuan 李娃傳, Huo Xiao-yü zhuan 霍小玉傳, which belonged to the Tang Dynasty. Then should we say that Fei-yen wai-zhuan was a premature masterpiece? It still remains a great mystery to all, including its author Ling Xüan himself. This study, paying attention to the text itself, proves this tale should belong to the Tang Dynasty. Its main keywords are two, Zhen-la 眞臘 and Qi-chu Ling-hua jing 七出菱花鏡 (Water-chestnut flower shaped bronze mirror, circled by seven petals). The former, used first in the historical records in China was in the Sui Dynasty Da-ye 大業 12years(616), and the latter one likely appeared after reign of Empress Wu(690--705). These facts simply tell us Fei-yen wai-zhuan was born in the Tang Dynasty. The true author of this tale is Niu Seng-ru 牛僧孺, a famous prime minister of late Tang and was also a well-known writer of Tang-tales, who authored Xüan-guai lu 玄怪錄. We could know the close affinities between Fei-yen wai-zhuan and Xüan-guai lu. As a drafted scholar-official, all of Niu's life had been under the strife in bureaucracy with the factional parties at that time. Once the opposition party blamed Niu for violating his majesty, to write the tale Zhou Qin xing-ji 周秦行記 named Niu Seng-ru. Though its writer was anonymous, Niu was nearly accused of injury to the majesy (Lèse majesté). I contend Niu decided to write Fei-yen wai-zhuan under a pseudonym to make counterattack against a recreant writer in the same manner and to regain true pride for himself

    Coping with the rising yen: Japan's recent export experience

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    Despite an appreciating yen, Japanese firms have managed to maintain strong export sales growth during the first half of the 1990s. Their strategies? Cutting the yen price of exports and shifting production to higher-value merchandise.Exports ; Japan ; Foreign exchange rates

    The Chinese Front in the Chü-yen (Etsin-gol) Region

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    Though the Etsin-gol region played a very important pole as an advance front against the nomadic Hiung-nu, nothing is mentioned in the contempoary sources handed down to us as historical documents. As the result of Sven Hedin's expedition in 1930 an enormous number of Han MSS. were discovered in the Etsin-gol region, and they were put into order and printed with annotations by Mr. Lao Kan. Making use of Lao Kan's edition, the present author tries to locate the positions of the forts, and in contrast to Lao Kan's view, i.e. T'ien-pei (殄北), Chu-yen (居延), Sa-ching (卅井), Chia-ch'u (甲渠), Chien-shui (肩水), Kuangti (廣地) and T'o-t'o (橐佗), from north to south along the Etsin-gol, identifying Wayan-tori with T'ien-pei, the present writer's view is as follows; T'ien-pei, Chu-yen, Sa-ching, Chia-chu, T'o-t'o, Chien-shui and Kuang-ti. They were the headquarters of military-administrative units, i.e., hou-kuan (候官), which at the sametime meant commander and corresponded with the prefecture in China Proper. The present author only gives the relative positions of the place names appearing in the MSS. without identifying them with the present names

    Vietnam : Yen Thanh : Ensemble religieux

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    Fonds "Pierre Usselmann sur le Vietnam" : photographie d'un ensemble religieux de Chu Dan – Yen Thanh des XV et XVI siècle, capitale des royaumes fondateurs du Vietnam. Ninh Binh. Pépinières (commentaires de l'auteur)

    COVID-19 Australia

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    Matlab model code and supplementary model data file to accompany "Health and Economic Costs of Early and Delayed Suppression and the Unmitigated Spread of COVID-19: The Case of Australia", manuscript authored by Tom Kompas, Quentin Grafton, Tuong Nhu Che, Long Chu and James Camac. Contact author: Tom Kompas, University of Melbourne, [email protected]

    COVID-19 Australia

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    Matlab model code and supplementary model data file to accompany "Health and Economic Costs of Early and Delayed Suppression and the Unmitigated Spread of COVID-19: The Case of Australia", manuscript authored by Tom Kompas, Quentin Grafton, Tuong Nhu Che, Long Chu and James Camac. Contact author: Tom Kompas, University of Melbourne, [email protected]

    sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231225899 – Supplemental material for Investigating the impact of probiotic on neurological outcomes in Rett syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study

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    Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-aut-10.1177_13623613231225899 for Investigating the impact of probiotic on neurological outcomes in Rett syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled pilot study by Lee Chin Wong, Chia-Jui Hsu, Yen-Tzu Wu, Hsu-Feng Chu, Jui-Hsiang Lin, Hsin-Pei Wang, Su-Ching Hu, Ying-Chieh Tsai, Wen-Che Tsai and Wang-Tso Lee in Autism</p

    The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973

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    This thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
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