30,772 research outputs found
Constrained quantization of open string in background B field and non-commutative D-brane
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Time-dependent AdS/CFT duality II: holographic reconstruction of bulk metric and possible resolution of singularity
No full textChong Chu Le
Get PDFThe global economic environment is experiencing uncertainties and the strategic responses of third party logistics (3PL) in Malaysia are not precluded. With the 3PL industry experiencing growing demands of 3PL users and the emergence of more 3PL service providers, these have created further competition within the 3PL industry to attract user firms. This requires 3PL firms to review their strategies to become more competitive. This study focused on the evaluation of external and internal environment followed by strategic choices made by 3PL firms in Malaysia to produce operational performance achieving financial performance in the wake of economic global uncertainties. The 3PL firms strategic positioning choices are low costs and differentiation yielding operational performance of cost and service to achieve financial performance. A composite model was studied based on both perspectives of Resource-based view and Market-based view. The findings show both the external and internal environment influence operations emphases and operational performance leading to financial performance. This study has also found 10 full paths in the model beginning from either external or internal environment through operations emphases and operational performance driving financial performance of 3PL firms. These full paths indicate RBV and MBV are complementary rather than competing frames. In this uncertain global economic environment, firms exercise both cost and service capabilities as their strategies. This finding is supported by the theory of cumulative capabilities
“Dao-Chong” and the Inner Isomorphism of Jing–Chu Natural Civilization
Get PDFThis paper takes the concept of Dao-Chong (道冲) in the Dao De Jing as its core and, drawing upon the natural geography, socio-ecological structures, and cultural symbolic systems of the Jing–Chu region, systematically explores the intrinsic isomorphism between Laozi’s philosophy and Jing–Chu natural civilization from a perspective of scientific philosophy and interdisciplinary analysis. It argues that chong is not a purely metaphysical abstraction, but rather originates from the composite ecological system formed by the Jianghan Plain, the Yuan–Xiang river valleys, and the Dongting Lake wetlands—a system that integrates water networks, valleys, and wetlands. Chong thus constitutes a highly condensed conceptualization of fluidity, flexibility, emptiness-through-connectivity, and cyclical renewal.
The highly dynamic ecological landscape of the Jing–Chu region—characterized by flood regulation, wetland energy buffering, and agricultural rotation—gave rise to a low-entropy, self-organizing, and adaptive mode of social operation. This ecological and social configuration provided the experiential foundation for Laozi’s philosophical principles of “the Dao follows Nature” (dao fa ziran) and “governing through non-coercive action” (wuwei).
Through systematic textual analysis of key chapters of the Dao De Jing and core concepts such as chong (冲), xu (虚), gu (谷), shui (水), and ci (雌), combined with cross-verification using the Guodian Chu bamboo text Taiyi Sheng Shui, Chu Ci imagery, and archaeological and ecological evidence, this study reveals a high degree of structural isomorphism between Jing–Chu natural civilization and the philosophy of Dao-Chong across ecological spatial organization, social governance logic, cultural symbolism, and cosmological worldview. The paper further demonstrates how Laozi abstracted localized ecological experience into universal cosmological principles, effecting a philosophical elevation from regional natural wisdom to holistic cosmic order.
At the theoretical level, chong is interpreted as a low-entropy operational principle that simultaneously describes the primordial state of cosmic generation and functions as a foundational logic for social governance and ecological regulation. This framework offers a new lens for understanding the systemic thinking embedded in ancient Chinese natural civilization. By placing chong in dialogue with modern ecology, systems theory, thermodynamics, and the “Dao–Qi–Water–Human” generative chain within the Lao–Yang Genesis Cosmology, the study highlights both the theoretical significance and contemporary relevance of ancient civilizational wisdom for modern ecological governance and cosmological construction
The Origin of Laozi’s Cosmic “Chong” in Chu: Natural and Archaeological Evidence from Yingdu
Get PDFThe cosmology of Laozi’s Dao De Jing has long been regarded as an abstract metaphysical system, often divorced from its regional, ecological, and historical contexts. However, the core concept of “chong” (冲) possesses a unique generative and order-regulating function, whose philosophical formation is deeply linked to the natural civilization practices of the Chu region. This study systematically examines textual, toponymic, ecological, hydrological, and spatial archaeological evidence from the Chu heartland, the Yingdu civilization zone, and the Guodian Tomb No. 1 corpus. The findings indicate that the concept of “chong” originates from the ecological environment of valleys, forests, and riverine plains on the western banks of the Han River near Yingdu, characterized by flood regulation, buffering, and circulation, forming a low-entropy stable system. The governance practices of King Wen, King Cheng, and King Zhuang of Chu, along with the hydraulic engineering led by Sun Shuo’ao, translated these experiences into political institutions and social order, forming a low-intervention, adaptive model of state governance. The Guodian texts abstracted these Chu experiences into a systematic theory of cosmic generation, yin-yang harmony, and the operation of all things. The spatial concentration of the Yingdu civilization zone allowed political, ecological, and intellectual practices to intersect in situ, providing the real-world locus for philosophical abstraction. Comprehensive analysis demonstrates that Laozi’s cosmology is not merely a product of abstract reasoning but a universalized reflection of Chu’s natural civilization, embodying the intrinsic unity of nature, society, and cosmos. This study provides empirical grounding for interpreting the Dao De Jing and offers profound insights for contemporary ecological governance, social system management, and the transmission of natural civilization principles, suggesting that human civilization should aspire toward harmony with nature
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