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Paleanotus chrysos Watson, 2015, n. sp.
No full text<i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. <p>(Figs 1 I; 8A −L; 9)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Holotype: NTM W.23203, Western Pacific Ocean, QLD, GBR, North Direction Island, 14º44.62’S, 145º30.72’E, CReefs, LI-08-019, coll. C. Glasby, Apr 2008, (23E, L: 2.5 mm, W: 0.45 mm). Paratypes: NTM W.25641, same locality as holotype, (6, including female with large eggs, 22 E, L: 2.5mm, W: 0.6 mm).</p> <p> <b>Other material examined.</b> NTM W.23688, Yonge Reef, 14º34.40’S, 145º37.11’E, CReefs, LI-10-116, Sep 2010, (3: 1, 21E, L: 1.2 mm, W: 0.6 mm); NTM W.23673, Waining Reef, 14º 27.84S, 145º 19.19E, CReefs, LI-09- 0 23, coral rubble, 2 m, coll. C. Watson, Feb 2009, (3E); NTM W.23669, Lizard Island, Coconut Beach, 14º40.88’S, 145º28.35’E, CReefs, LI-09-002, 2 m, coll. C. Watson, Feb 2009, (1, 19E, L: 1.2 mm, W: 0.6 mm); NTM W.23604, Mermaid Beach, 14º38.75’S, 145º27.21’E, CReefs, LI-08-006, fine green algae on sand, 12 m, Apr 2008, (1, 21 E); NTM W.25640, North Point, 14º38.73’S, 145º27.2’E, CReefs, LI-08-020, rubble, 2 m, coll. C. Watson & N. Bruce, Apr 2008, (1, 19E, L: 1.5 mm, W: 0.55 mm); MV F.214507, North east of Townsville, muddy sand, 26 m, (1NE); MV F.214506, Britomart Reef, 18º17’S, 146º38’E, algae & sponges, 3 m, Nov. 1982, (1, 22E, L: 2.3 mm, W: 0.7 mm); MV F 214509, same locality, encrusting algae, Nov 1982, (4, NE); MV F.125877, same locality, reef front, encrusted dead coral with fine red algae, Nov 1982, (1NE); NTM W.23190, Heron Island, CReefs, HI-09-046, Sykes Reef, rubble, 10 m, Nov 2009, (1, 17NE); NTM W.23656, CReefs, HI-10-009, Sykes Reef, rubble, 14 m, coll. M. Blazewicz-Paszokowycz, Nov 2010, (2: 1, 22NE, L: 2.2 mm, W: 0.55 mm; 1, 24E, L: 2.0 mm, W: 0.75 mm); NTM W.23658, North East Lamont Reef, 23º35.20’S, 152º3.73’E, CReefs, HI-10-013, 21 m, coll. M. Capa, Nov 2010, (1, 22E, L: 2 mm, W: 0.65 mm); SMNH 97309, Western Pacific, France, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Lifou, 17 m, (1, 20E, L: 2 mm, W: 0.65 mm).</p> <p> <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> species complex</p> <p>NTM W.13169, Philippines, Luzon, Cape Bolinao, coral rubble, red algae & sponge, 12 m, coll. B. Russell, Oct 1995, (1NE, W: 0.9 mm).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> (based on holotype and other material where noted). Very small, elongate body with distinctive paleal notochaetae coloured deep yellow to bright gold. Paleae in neat, slightly ‘prickly’, raised fans over dorsum ie. not completely flattened as in other <i>Paleanotus</i> species. Neuropodia extend a little beyond notopodia.</p> <p>Prostomium with 2 pairs large, dark maroon eyes often merged; median antenna slender, subulate; large, glandular nuchal fold covers posterior prostomium. Segment 2 (chaetigerous segment 1) with 2–4 slender, pointed paleae with 3 ribs (Fig. 8 A, B).</p> <p>Notochaetae of mid-body notopodium composed of 2 slender, pointed laterals with 4–5 ribs; subunit 1 paleae usually absent, sometimes 1–2 small spines present (Fig. 8 C). Main paleae number 6–8 with 13–15 (16) ribs. Paleae with rounded to slight sloping brow, robust margin serration; broad, curved apices. At moderate magnification superior surface of main paleae appears smooth; at high magnification ribs appear thickened, especially basally, with about 4–6 b.l. ribs. Slender dorsal cirri about 2/3 length of main paleae fan (Figs 1 I; 8K; 9). Median paleae number 3; distinctive narrow shape with sloping brow. Lizard Island material median paleae slender with distinct ‘upswept’, broad apices, 8–11 (12) ribs (Fig. 8 E, D). Heron Island, New Caledonian median paleae broader with 9–12 ribs (Fig. 8 K, L). Median paleae appear smooth; under high magnification 5 b.l. ribs visible, especially basally.</p> <p>Neurochaetal types of mid-body neuropodium composed of 2 superior, very slender falcigers; about 4 midsuperior falcigers; 6–8 mid-group falcigers. Latter three groups with pronounced basal serrations. Inferior group of shorter falcigers with slender blades, number 4–6. Total number about 20 (Fig. 8 F–J). Ventral cirri short, subulate.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. has the smallest maximum body segment number and length compared to all other species described in this paper; e.g., mature GBR specimen 24E, length 2.6 mm, width 0.75 mm; the New Caledonian specimen, 20E and length 3.7 mm. <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. is coloured deep yellow in northern GBR specimens, deep mustard yellow to gold in reefs off Townsville, and bright brassy gold in material from Heron Island, southern GBR: a depth of notochaetal pigmentation not seen in any of the other small <i>Paleanotus</i> species.</p> <p> <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. is further differientated by possession of pointed lateral paleae with small number of ribs and short spine/s and the absence of sub-unit 1 paleae. The median paleae shape is unique and horizontal striae are observed more widely separated in the basal quarter of paleae becoming finer distally (Fig. 8 E). Neurochaetal types are similar to those of other species but possess a greater degree of basal serration, particularly of the midgroup falcigers (Fig. 8 G–I). An ovigerous female paratype specimen (starting to disintegrate), has large eggs present from chaetiger 6, measuring 200–250 µm in diameter (Fig. 9).</p> <p> Body size and chaetal morphology of individuals from northern and southern GBR specimens, reefs off Townsville and New Caledonia overall agrees. Lizard Island material possesses the narrowest median paleae as do <i>P. chrysos</i> n. sp. from reefs off Townsville. Heron Island specimens exhibits some broader median paleae as well as the narrower ones; the New Caledonian individual has mainly broad median paleae (cf Fig. 8 D, E & K, L).</p> <p> A New Caledonian specimen is cited as ‘ <i>Paleanotus</i> LI’ in Wiklund <i>et al.</i> (2009). The SMNH specimen on loan for this study is entire so another <i>Paleanotus</i> from the same collection must have been used for the DNA analysis. As there was no morphological description in the paper, a designated species name for the DNA individual is unknown. Future <i>Paleanotus</i> genetic analyses with named species may be able to reveal its identity.</p> <p> A Philippine individual belonging to <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> species complex was collected from an encrusted habitat similar to habitats of <i>P. chrysos</i> n. sp. from the GBR. Chaetal types are also very similar e.g., slender lateral paleae and spines, and the egg size is the same. However the main and median paleae have even more elevated apices; paleael sculpture is different with no b.l. ribs on main paleae and the median paleae possess a central raised rib. This specimen appears part of the <i>chrysos</i> complex and may prove to be a new species. Slender, pointed laterals, often accompanied by spines in <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. are also seen in the <i>P. silus</i> n. sp. species complex but the main and median paleae shape are different between the species. <i>P. chrysos</i> has been found sympatric with <i>Paleanotus adornatus</i> n. sp. in coral rubble collections from Lizard Island, GBR.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The species name, <i>chrysos,</i> is derived from the Greek meaning ‘gold’ and refers to the distinctive colour of the notochaetal paleae.</p> <p> <b>Habitat / Distribution.</b> Recorded from the Coral Sea: Lizard Island, reefs off Townsville and Heron Island, GBR, NE coast of Australia and New Caledonia. <i>Paleanotus chrysos</i> n. sp. appears to favour a complex habitat of encrusted coral rubble, red algae, sponges as well as fine algae on sand; depth 2− 30 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Watson, Charlotte, 2015, Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean, pp. 707-732 in Zootaxa 4019 (1)</i> on pages 726-729, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.24, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/234245">http://zenodo.org/record/234245</a>
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
Fast implementation of iterative adaptive approach for wideband unambiguous radar detection
No full textAccepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle
No full textEffects of feeding heat-treated canola (C), soybean (S) and flax (F) or mixtures on growth and slaughter characteristics, taste and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef tissue were investigated using 128 crossbred steers to determine the potential of improving the nutritional quality of beef for humans. For Trial 1 (48 steers), dietary treatments were: roasted C, extruded C, roasted S, extruded S, roasted F and extruded F. For Trial 2 (80 steers), the dietary treatments were: S:F (1:1), S:C (1:1), C:F (1:1) and S:F:C (1:1:1), and the oilseeds were processed either by roasting or extruding before mixing. Soybean meal and soybean oil were used to give equivalent lipid and protein contents to each experimental diet. The basal diet consisted of grass silage, barley grain, vitamins and minerals. Steers were fed for a minimum of 100d then slaughtered at a uniform degree of finish. Growth and slaughter characteristics of the steers were only slightly affected by dietary treatment in that the soybean-fed steers consumed more feed and had a higher average daily gain than the canola or flax-fed animals in Trial 1. There was no difference in taste panel parameters for any of the treatments. Inclusion of flax in the diet increased the total n-3 content of meat. Similar results were found for canola and C18:1n-9 although this was not the case for soybean and the n-6 FA. For the n-6 FA in the PL and neutral lipid fractions of the meat samples, levels were correlated with high dietary levels of n-6 or n-9 with low levels of n-3 while for the n-3 FA, levels were correlated with high dietary n-3 levels and low n-6 levels. Oilseed processing method did not have an effect on any fatty acid levels. It is possible to modify the FA composition of beef meat toward a healthier profile by including heat-treated oilseeds in the diet to influence the degree of lipid metabolism in the rumen.ID: S0377840111004007; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0377840111004007; Author: M.A. McNiven (a, ⁎); Author: J.L. Duynisveld (b); Author: T. Turner (a); Author: A.W. Mitchell (a); Affiliation: Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3; Affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, NS, Canada B0L 1C0; Keyword: Oilseeds; Keyword: Roasted; Keyword: Extruded; Keyword: Fatty acids; Keyword: Healthy fat; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
After seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciat
No full textAfter seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciate Maine winters for their beauty and power
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Identifying idiolect in forensic authorship attribution: an n-gram textbite approach
No full textForensic authorship attribution is concerned with identifying authors of disputed or anonymous documents, which are potentially evidential in legal cases, through the analysis of linguistic clues left behind by writers. The forensic linguist “approaches this problem of questioned authorship from the theoretical position that every native speaker has their own distinct and individual version of the language [. . . ], their own idiolect” (Coulthard, 2004: 31). However, given the diXculty in empirically substantiating a theory of idiolect, there is growing concern in the Veld that it remains too abstract to be of practical use (Kredens, 2002; Grant, 2010; Turell, 2010). Stylistic, corpus, and computational approaches to text, however, are able to identify repeated collocational patterns, or n-grams, two to six word chunks of language, similar to the popular notion of soundbites: small segments of no more than a few seconds of speech that journalists are able to recognise as having news value and which characterise the important moments of talk. The soundbite oUers an intriguing parallel for authorship attribution studies, with the following question arising: looking at any set of texts by any author, is it possible to identify ‘n-gram textbites’, small textual segments that characterise that author’s writing, providing DNA-like chunks of identifying material
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