97 research outputs found
Mantis Shrimp Capture Technique.m4v
No full textThis short video was taken by Diarmaid Ó Foighil in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida) and it demonstrates the bait-and-capture technique (Goto et al., 2018) used by first author Teal Harrison* to collect Lysiosquilla scabricauda specimens. A bait fish was placed directly over a submerged host mantis shrimp burrow opening and once a resident emerged, its raptorial appendages were sequentially grasped by hand and, as it tired, the specimen was slowly pulled upward out of its burrow.*Teal A. Harrison, Ryutaro Goto, Jingchun Li, Diarmaid Ó Foighil. Within-host adaptive speciation of commensal yoyo clams leads to ecological exclusion, not co-existence (In Prep.).Goto, R., Harrison, T., Ó Foighil, D. 2018. Within-host speciation events in yoyo clams, obligate commensals with mantis shrimps: one involving a change in microhabitat and a loss of specialized traits. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 124:504-517. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/bly044</p
An electrophysiological investigation of power-amplification in the ballistic mantis shrimp punch
No full textAuthor Posting. © Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience, 2019. This article is posted here by permission of Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Undergraduate Neuroscience Education 17(1), (2019): T12-T19.Mantis shrimp are aggressive, burrowing crustaceans that hunt using one the fastest movements in the natural world. These stomatopods can crack the calcified shells of prey or spear down unsuspecting fish with lighting speed. Their strike makes use of power-amplification mechanisms to move their limbs much faster than is possible by muscles alone. Other arthropods such as crickets and grasshoppers also use power-amplified kicks that allow these animals to rapidly jump away from predator threats. Here we present a template laboratory exercise for studying the electrophysiology of power-amplified limb movement in arthropods, with a specific focus on mantis shrimp strikes. The exercise is designed in such a way that it can be applied to other species that perform power-amplified limb movements (e.g., house crickets, Acheta domesticus) and species that do not (e.g., cockroaches, Blaberus discoidalis). Students learn to handle the animals, make and implant electromyogram (EMG) probes, and finally perform experiments. This integrative approach introduces the concept of power-amplified neuromuscular control; allows students to develop scientific methods, and conveys high-level insights into behavior, and convergent evolution, the process by which different species evolve similar traits.Author GJG declares a commercial interest in the SpikerBox used here as a co-owner in Backyard Brains. Authors ES and SM are employed by Backyard Brains. DJP and GJG were supported by a National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) award #R44MH093334. Author KDF is funded by European Commission Marie Sklodowska-Curie Independent Postdoctoral Research Fellowship and the Grass Foundation
Επιπλοκές των νεότερων από του στόματος αντιπηκτικών σε ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή στη κλινική πράξη
No full textΣκοπός: Στις μέρες μας υπάρχουν πλέον επιλογές αντιπηκτικών εναλλακτικές των αναστολέων της βιταμίνης Κ για την πρόληψη αγγειακών εγκεφαλικών επεισοδίων (ΑΕΕ) σε ασθενείς με κολπική μαρμαρυγή (ΚΜ). Σκοπός της έρευνας είναι να διερευνηθεί η συχνότητα εμφάνισης στη κλινική πράξη ανεπιθύμητων συμβάντων από τη χρήση των νεότερων αντιπηκτικών από του στόματος (NOAC) σε ασθενείς με ΚΜ και ποιοί παράγοντες σχετίζονται με την εμφάνιση τους. Μεθοδολογία: Επιλέχτηκαν και μελετήθηκαν ασθενείς με KM που ελάμβαναν NOAC για προφύλαξη ΑΕΕ και οι οποίοι επισκέφτηκαν τα εξωτερικά ιατρεία της Καρδιολογικής κλινικής του Γενικού Νοσοκομείου "Κωνσταντοπούλειο" στη Νέα Ιωνία Αττικής. Αποτελέσματα: Το δείγμα αποτελείται από 90 ασθενείς (57,8% γυναίκες) με μέση ηλικία 73,8 έτη και αρκετούς παράγοντες κινδύνου (88,9% υπέρταση, 30% σακχαρώδης διαβήτης, 24,4% στεφανιαία νόσο, 33,3% νεφρική ανεπάρκεια, 47,8% καρδιακή ανεπάρκεια). Τα συμβάντα που παρατηρήθηκαν ήταν μείζονες αιμορραγίες (3,3%), ελάσσονες αιμορραγίες (14,4%), γαστρεντερικές διαταραχές (5,6%). Κατά την επί μέρους ανάλυση εμφανίστηκε αυξημένη συχνότητα εμφάνισης των ελασσόνων αιμορραγιών και των αιμορραγιών γενικότερα στους ασθενείς με σακχαρώδη διαβήτη (ΣΔ) (p=0,01), θυρεοειδοπάθεια (p=0,02) και στους ασθενείς με ιστορικό ελάσσονος ή οποιασδήποτε αιμορραγίας στο παρελθόν (p<0,0001 και στις δυο περιπτώσεις). Συμπεράσματα: Στη κλινική πράξη τα ποσοστά εμφάνισης αιμορραγιών κυμαίνονται περίπου στα ίδια επίπεδα με αυτά των κλινικών μελετών και των διεθνών καταγραφών. Το ιστορικό αιμορραγιών στο παρελθόν, ο ΣΔ και η θυρεοειδοπάθεια σχετίστηκαν με αυξημένη πιθανότητα εμφάνισης ελασσόνων αιμορραγιών στο δείγμα μας. Δε φαίνεται να ισχύει το ίδιο για τις μείζονες αιμορραγίες.Background: Several non–vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) alternatives to warfarin are available for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to indentify the incidence of the adverse events occurred in the daily clinical practice in patients with AF receiving NOAC and describe the factors associated with those events. Methods: We observed and analyzed events for one year of patients with AF who received NOAC and attended the outpatient clinics of the Cardiology Department of General Hospital "Konstantopouleio" in Nea Ionia of Attica,. Results: The sample consists of 90 patients (42.2% men) with an average age of 73.8 years and several risk factors (88.9% hypertension, 30% diabetes mellitus, 24.4% coronary artery disease, 30% chronic kidney disease, 47,8% heart failure). The observed events were major bleeding (3.3%), minor bleeding (14.4%), gastrointestinal disturbances (5.6%). A statistically significant increase in the incidence of minor bleeding and overall bleeding was noticed in patients with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.01), thyroid gland diseases (p = 0.02) and in patients with a history of minor or any bleeding in the past (p <0.0001 in both cases). Conclusions: Bleeding incidence rates in clinical practice are approximately the same as those in clinical trials and international surveys. Patients with a history of bleeding in the past, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease have been associated with an increased likelihood of minor bleeding in our sample. It does not seem to be the same for major bleeding
Full-system power analysis and modeling for server environments
No full textAbstract — The increasing costs of power delivery and cooling, as well as the trend toward higher-density computer systems, have created a growing demand for better power management in server environments. Despite the increasing interest in this issue, little work has been done in quantitatively understanding power consumption trends and developing simple yet accurate models to predict full-system power. We study the component-level power breakdown and variation, as well as temporal workload-specific power consumption of an instrumented power-optimized blade server. Using this analysis, we examine the validity of prior adhoc approaches to understanding power breakdown and quantify several interesting trends important for power modeling and management in the future. We also introduce Mantis, a nonintrusive method for modeling full-system power consumption and providing real-time power prediction. Mantis uses a onetime calibration phase to generate a model by correlating AC power measurements with user-level system utilization metrics. We experimentally validate the model on two server systems with drastically different power footprints and characteristics (a low-end blade and high-end compute-optimized server) using a variety of workloads. Mantis provides power estimates with high accuracy for both overall and temporal power consumption, making it a valuable tool for power-aware scheduling and analysis. I
MANtIS: a novel information seeking dialogues dataset
No full textNowadays, most users access the web through search engine portals. However, information needs can often be ill-defined or too broad to be solvable by a list of results the user has to scroll through, which implies that he is most likely required to refine the need by himself to reach the desired result. In recent years, researchers have attempted to tackle these issues through conversations, more specifically through conversational search. This topic has seen an increase of interest from the research community, proven by the appearance of specialized workshops and seminars. The general public has also started to show interest, proven by the emergence of a wide range of virtual assistants, such as Google Assistant, Microsoft Cortana or Amazon Alexa. As such conversational systems seek to fulfill an information need of a user, they should be able to elicit and fully understand his requirements regardless of the domain, track the conversation as it evolves while attempting to clarify the initial information need and provide suggestions and answers that are based on concrete knowledge sources. Although various developments in domains adjacent to conversational search enabled us to better understand natural language, there is a lack of large-scale datasets that are appropriate for training models to perform conversational search tasks. Through our research, we have built a collection of over 80,000 conversations that fulfill the requirements of a conversational search dataset. We have benchmarked this dataset on three distinct tasks using multiple baselines.Computer Science | Data Science and Technolog
A neuronal correlate of insect stereopsis
No full text\ua9 2019, The Author(s).A puzzle for neuroscience—and robotics—is how insects achieve surprisingly complex behaviours with such tiny brains. One example is depth perception via binocular stereopsis in the praying mantis, a predatory insect. Praying mantids use stereopsis, the computation of distances from disparities between the two retinal images, to trigger a raptorial strike of their forelegs when prey is within reach. The neuronal basis of this ability is entirely unknown. Here we show the first evidence that individual neurons in the praying mantis brain are tuned to specific disparities and eccentricities, and thus locations in 3D-space. Like disparity-tuned cortical cells in vertebrates, the responses of these mantis neurons are consistent with linear summation of binocular inputs followed by an output nonlinearity. Our study not only proves the existence of disparity sensitive neurons in an insect brain, it also reveals feedback connections hitherto undiscovered in any animal species
Mantids (Mantodea) and problems of their keeping
No full textPráce se zabývá chovem kudlanek (Insecta, Mantodea). V úvodní části jsou uvedeny základní informace o řádu Mantodea včetně stručných charakteristik jednotlivých čeledí. Popsány jsou morfologie, anatomie, způsoby obživy a rozmnožování kudlanek. Druhá část práce přináší obecné poznatky o podmínkách chovu kudlanek z dostupných literárních zdrojů. Třetí část je zaměřena na vlastní chovatelské zkušenosti autorky, které jsou v závěrečné diskusi srovnány s literárními informacemi .Katedra biologieObhájenoThe paper deals with the breeding of mantis species (Insecta, Mantodea). Basic information concernig the order Mantodea including short characteristics of particular families is given in the introductory part. Besides morphology, anatomy, living and reproduction of mantis species are described in this part. The second part deals with the general knowledge about breeding conditions available in pubblications. Author?s experiences with the mantis breeding are given in the third part. In the final discussion they are compared with the published information
Full-System Power Analysis and Modeling for Server Environments
No full textThe increasing costs of power delivery and cooling, as well as the trend toward higher-density computer systems, have created a growing demand for better power management in server environments. Despite the increasing interest in this issue, little work has been done in quantitatively understanding power consumption trends and developing simple yet accurate models to predict full-system power. We study the component-level power breakdown and variation, as well as temporal workload-specific power consumption of an instrumented power-optimized blade server. Using this analysis, we examine the validity of prior adhoc approaches to understanding power breakdown and quantify several interesting trends important for power modeling and management in the future. We also introduce Mantis, a nonintrusive method for modeling full-system power consumption and providing real-time power prediction. Mantis uses a onetime calibration phase to generate a model by correlating AC power measurements with user-level system utilization metrics. We experimentally validate the model on two server systems with drastically different power footprints and characteristics (a low-end blade and high-end compute-optimized server) using a variety of workloads. Mantis provides power estimates with high accuracy for both overall and temporal power consumption, making it a valuable tool for power-aware scheduling and analysis.(c) 2006 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other users, including reprinting/ republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted components of this work in other works.Economou, D., Rivoire, S., Kozyrakis, C., Ranganathan, P. 2006. Full-system power analysis and modeling for server environments. In Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Modeling, Benchmarking, and Simulation (MoBS), held at the International Sym- posium on Computer Architecture (Boston, MA, June 2006), pp. 70{77)0884-749
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