113 research outputs found
Eribulin (Halaven): a new, effective treatment for women with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer
No full textAid to Memory
No full textTwelve individual wood panels painted white with drawing-like paintings on each. The twelves panels make up one harmonious work
Aid to Memory
No full textTwelve individual wood panels painted white with drawing-like paintings on each. The twelves panels make up one harmonious work
The feeding ecology of the European otter (lutra lutra l.) in a marine environment
No full textThe bulk of the research took place on the coast of Fetlar, Shetland, in1976-78.Otters were studied by direct observation of individuals recognised by variations in natural markings on the lips and throat, and in addition their diet was studied by means of spraint (faecal) analysis. Most foraging occurred in the sea within 150 m of the shore, a wide variety of fish species being eaten, the majority demersal, as well as some crabs. The pronounced seasonal) variation in dietary composition is considered in the light of available information on the behaviour of the prey species. Detailed observations of an adult female and her cub revealed a significant difference in the composition of their diets, the cub taking a lower proportion of the faster prey species as well as a significant number of crabs which were not predated at all by the adult. Most feeding was localised in bouts in relatively restricted areas. There was no clear correlation between otter activity and the diel or tidal cycles. The adult female and her cub had a home range consisting of 2.5km of coastline with a maximum foraging area of 42.6ha, and their pattern of use of this home range is described. Evidence suggests that for the effective exploitation of foraging areas, breeding females require holt sites (resting places) close by. In 1977 the minimum population density along 11km of coast was 1 otter: 1,2km of coast; and in 1978 along 16km of coast was 1 otter: 0.9km of coast. A positive correlation between dive duration and water depth was noted and it is hypothesised that this is a causal relationship determined by the necessity for minimising the up thrust produced by the air in the lungs during diving. The implications of this for otter foraging behaviour and population distribution are discussed
Measurement of epidoxorubicin and its metabolites by high-performance liquid chromatography using an advanced automated sample processor
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Bioavailability study of oral and intravenous OGT 719, a novel nucleoside analogue with preferential activity in the liver
No full textPurpose: Although oral fluoropyrimidine prodrugs are increasingly being administered in preference to intravenous nucleoside analogues in cancer chemotherapy, their activation in malignant liver tissue may be insufficient. OGT 719 (1-galactopyranosyl-5-fluorouracil) is a novel nucleoside analogue, preferentially localized in hepatocytes and hepatoma cells via the asialoglycoprotein receptor. The aim of this study was to assess the systemic bioavailability of this rationally designed drug in 16 patients with advanced solid cancers. Method: Crossover pharmacokinetic study of oral (400 or 800 mg) and intravenous (250 mg/m2) OGT 719. Results: Linear pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of approximately 25% were observed at the dose levels used in this study. Like other 5-FU prodrugs, considerable interpatient variability was observed in bioavailability following oral dosing. The mean half-life for oral doses was 4 h. OGT 719 was well tolerated. No objective tumour responses were demonstrated. Conclusion: The systemic bioavailability and half-life of oral OGT 719 are sufficient to merit dose escalation studies with frequent daily dosing. Subsequent efficacy studies should be performed in patients with primary and secondary liver malignancies
Epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil as adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer
No full textBackground The National Epirubicin Adjuvant Trial (NEAT) and the BR9601 trial examined the efficacy of anthracyclines in the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. Methods In NEAT, we compared four cycles of epirubicin followed by four cycles of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF) with six cycles of CMF alone. In the BR9601 trial, we compared four cycles of epirubicin followed by four cycles of CMF, with eight cycles of CMF alone every 3 weeks. The primary end points were relapse-free and overall survival. The secondary end points were adverse effects, dose intensity, and quality of life. Results The two trials included 2391 women with early breast cancer; the median follow-up was 48 months. Relapse-free and overall survival rates were significantly higher in the epirubicin–CMF groups than in the CMF-alone groups (2-year relapse-free survival, 91% vs. 85%; 5-year relapse-free survival, 76% vs. 69%; 2-year overall survival, 95% vs. 92%; 5-year overall survival, 82% vs. 75%; P<0.001 by the log-rank test for all comparisons). Hazard ratios for relapse (or death without relapse) (0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.82; P<0.001) and death from any cause (0.67; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.82; P<0.001) favored epirubicin plus CMF over CMF alone. Independent prognostic factors were nodal status, tumor grade, tumor size, and estrogen-receptor status (P<0.001 for all four factors) and the presence or absence of vascular or lymphatic invasion (P=0.01). These factors did not significantly interact with the effect of epirubicin plus CMF. The overall incidence of adverse effects was significantly higher with epirubicin plus CMF than with CMF alone but did not significantly affect the delivered-dose intensity or the quality of life. Conclusions Epirubicin plus CMF is superior to CMF alone as adjuvant treatment for early breast cancer
Membranous and cytoplasmic staining of Ki67 is associated with HER2 and ER status in invasive breast carcinoma
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