80 research outputs found
Pareto's Chronicles: Liberty and the Left
No full textThe ‘second series’ of the Giornale degli Economisti commenced in 1890. It revealed a notable change in editorial direction from the earlier series, which was a direct result of Alberto Zorli being joined by leading liberal intellectuals, Ugo Mazzola, Antonio de Viti de Marco and Maffeo Pantaleoni, as the Journal’s proprietary directors. In regard to economic science, the second series saw the Journal establish itself as the leading Italian distributor of the new marginalism. In regard to politics, it became a leading advocate for liberal policy. To that end, the Journal published a special feature from 1891 entitled ‘cronaca’, which critically chronicled practical developments in Italian public policy, public finances and the state of the economy. In 1893 Pareto took over from Ugo Mazzola as author of the chronicles, a role he continued to perform until 1897. His contributions were, overwhelmingly, critical of interventionist and militaristic actions of the Italian Government. The purpose of this paper is to place Pareto’s chronicles in their historical context and search for comments that hint at the subsequent development of sociological theory. This will be achieved by: interpreting Pareto’s ‘cronaca’ with reference to political developments in Italy from the 1880s to 1897; identifying practical illustrations in the ‘cronaca’ concerning liberty and the extreme left in Italian society; and identifying three broad consistencies between Pareto’s ‘non-scientific’ ‘Cronaca’ and his scientific ‘General Sociology’.Cronaca, Chronicle, Vilfredo Pareto, General Sociology
A DNA turbine powered by a transmembrane potential across a nanopore
No full textRotary motors play key roles in energy transduction, from macroscale
windmills to nanoscale turbines such as ATP synthase in cells. Despite our
capabilities to construct engines at many scales, developing functional
synthetic turbines at the nanoscale has remained challenging. Here, we
experimentally demonstrate rationally designed nanoscale DNA-origami turbines
with three chiral blades. These DNA nanoturbines are 24-27 nm in height and
diameter and can utilise transmembrane electrochemical potentials across
nanopores to drive DNA bundles into sustained unidirectional rotations of up to
10 revolutions/s. The rotation direction is set by the designed chirality of
the turbine. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations show how hydrodynamic
flows drive this turbine. At high salt concentrations, the rotation direction
of turbines with the same chirality is reversed, which is explained by a change
in the anisotropy of the electrophoretic mobility. Our artificial turbines
operate autonomously in physiological conditions, converting energy from
naturally abundant electrochemical potentials into mechanical work. The results
open new possibilities for engineering active robotics at the nanoscale
MAFFEO PANTALEONI: FOMENTOR OF THE ANTI-SEMITIC PRESS CAMPAIGN
No full textThe author reconstructs the anti-Semitic press campaign led by Maffeo
Pantaleoni, one of the major Italian economists, between 1915 and 1924.
A declared supporter of Nationalism and Fascism, co-editor of the magazine
La Vita italiana, the economist moreover promoted the publication
of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1921 plus the publication of
lists of Jews who had prominent roles in Italy. Pantaleoni’s work is particularly
important from the idealogical point of view because it supports
that of the founder of La Vita italiana, Giovanni Preziosi, who was destined
to hold, after the death of his ‘master’, a primary role in the Fascist
culture and policy of anti-Semitism during the Republic of Salo`
(19431945) which promoted the systematic extermination of Italian
Jews.
Keywords: Italian marginalism; anti-Semitism; fascism
JEL classifications: B13; J15; Z1
Economics and Anti-Semitism: the Case of Maffeo Pantaleoni
No full textThe relationship between economics and anti-Semitism has always been a controversial subject. The question is complex by nature: to describe an author as an anti-Semite means to cast a shadow over his thought, with consequences that are much more serious when there is a limited amount of documentation and firsthand accounts. In this article we examine the case of Maffeo Pantaleoni, one of the most influential Italian economists of the nineteenth century and at the same time an intellectual who was among those most closely involved in anti-Semitic propaganda. In the case of Pantaleoni, it is not necessary to ask the question of whether and to what extent his anti-Semitism could be defined as “mild” or “ambivalent” and therefore in line with that expressed by a large part of Western culture during the first half of the twentieth century. In this study we document a clear and open anti-Semitic attitude that, however, has remained ignored up to now by economic historiography. In this article we discuss the possible relationship between Pantaleoni’s anti-Semitism and his work as a theoretical economist, within a methodological framework inspired by Pierre Bourdieu’s philosophy and sociology of science
La comparatio di Lorenzo Valla tra le orazioni di Cicerone e le declamazioni di Quintiliano in una lettera di Maffeo Vallaresso
No full textNella fitta trama dell’epistolario Barb. lat. 1809 del prelato veneziano Maffeo Vallaresso l’articolo richiama l’attenzione su alcuni riferimenti a Lorenzo Valla. Il più importante tra questi rivela l’esistenza, e la notorietà all’inizio degli anni Cinquanta del Quattrocento, di uno scritto valliano dedicato alle orazioni ciceroniane e alle declamazioni pseudoquintilianee; e conferma come l’umanista, dopo il giovanile Quintiliani Tulliique examen, avesse mantenuto la promessa di pubblicare una più estesa comparatio tra le opere oratorio-declamatorie dei due scrittori antichi. Un altro consente di precisare meglio l’identità, piuttosto evanescente, di Girolamo Cinna, allievo del VallaIn the voluminous correspondence Barb. lat. 1809 of the venetian prelate Maffeo Vallaresso, the article draws attention to some references to Lorenzo Valla. The most important reveals the existence, and notoriety at the beginning of the 1450s, of a writing by Valla entirely devoted to Cicero’s orations and Quintilian’s (as he thought the author) declamations; and confirms how far the humanist, after the youthful Quintiliani Tulliique examen, had kept his promise to publish a more extensive comparatio between the oratory-declamatory works of the two ancient writers. Another hint allows us to better characterize the rather evanescent identity of Girolamo Cinna, a pupil of Vall
MET is a new confirmed gene responsible for familial distal arthrogryposis
No full textIn this Correspondence, F. Mari and colleagues report a second two-generation family with distal arthrogryposis caused by a mutation in MET tyrosine kinase. (Figure presented.). © The Author(s) 2024
A nanoscopic glimpse of the cells drafting table
No full textA blueprint for life is contained within the cells of every living organism in the form of DNA molecules. Most of us think about DNA in terms of phenotypes such as brown or blue eyes. However, on the cellular level, specialized molecular machinery operate on DNA to create proteins, repair deadly errors in the genetic code, and replicate the genome. The familiar DNA double-helix is split into its constituent strands during these processes so that the genetic code may be read. Single-stranded DNA binding protein(SSB; depicted in orange) is omnipresent during the processes of DNA replication and repair, where it binds excess single-stranded DNA very tightly to prevent double-stranded DNA from forming. We constructed a coarse-grained model of DNA (bottom right; large beads) and SSB that captures the behavior of all-atom DNA (top left; small spheres). The new model extends the timescale amenable to simulation thousands of times. Existing evidence demonstrated that SSB could wrap DNA in two or three ways,but our simulations revealed at least six distinct yet dynamic wrapping patterns, one of which is depicted. This work represents a step towards our larger goal of constructing a complete model of the DNA replication machinery.Submitted by [email protected] ([email protected]) on 2014-05-14T17:49:34Z
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Previous issue date: 2014-0
Quantitative all-atom and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation studies of DNA
No full textThe remarkable molecule that encodes genetic information for all life on earth—DNA—is a polymer with unusual physical properties. The mechanical and electrostatic properties of DNA are utilized extensively by cells in the replication, regular maintenance, and expression of their genetic material. This can be illustrated by considering the journey of a typical gene regulating protein, the lac repressor, which recognizes a particular gene and prevents its expression. First, the large electrostatic charge density of DNA provides an energetic track that guides the repressor’s search for its target binding site. Next, as the protein moves along the DNA, it attempts to deform the DNA. The repressor is only able to form an active complex with DNA that has the right sequence-dependent flexibility. Finally, the repressor is believed to form a very small DNA loop that prevents the gene from being expressed. The stability of the loop can be expected to depend sensitively on the global flexibility of DNA. Thus, the key to understanding the some of the most important cellular processes lies in understanding the physical properties of DNA. Single-molecule experiments allow direct observation of the behavior of individual DNA molecules, but act on length and timescales that are often too large and fast to observe underlying DNA and DNA–protein dynamics. Acting on length and timescales that complement single-molecule experiments, molecular dynamics simulations provide a high-resolution glimpse into the mechanics of a biomolecular world. Here, several simulation studies are presented, each of which quantified one or more properties of DNA. Specifically, the repulsive forces between parallel duplex DNA molecules were measured; the short-ranged, attractive end-to-end stacking energy was obtained; a single-stranded DNA model was developed that reproduced experimental measurements of its extension upon applied force; and finally the nature of single-stranded DNA binding to a single-stranded DNA binding protein was investigated. These works represent important steps towards larger simulations of more biologically complete DNA–protein systems.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-08-28T18:24:09Z
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Contributi per la letteratura barberiniana (2). Sull’epistolario di Francesco Bracciolini
No full textIl saggio esamina alcune zone dell’epistolario di Francesco Bracciolini, e in particola-
re pubblica molte lettere indirizzate da Bracciolini a Maffeo Barberini, tra il 1601 e il 1620. L’obiettivo è cogliere sia gli orientamenti poetici di Bracciolini, sia le prime tracce di una politica culturale barberiniana, che si sarebbe poi pienamente affermata dopo l’elezione di Urbano VIII, nel 1623.The paper examies some passages of Francesco Bracciolini’s epistolary. In particular, it publishes several letters adressed by Bracciolini to Maffeo Barberini between 1601 and 1620, with the aim of defining both the poetical approaches of the author, and the early footsteps of the cultural politics Barberini fully developed after his pontifical election as Urbano VIII in 1623
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