7,078 research outputs found
How to Measure Group Selection in Real-world Populations
No full textMultilevel selection and the evolution of cooperation are fundamental to the formation of higher-level organisation and the evolution of biocomplexity, but such notions are controversial and poorly understood in natural populations. The theoretic principles of group selection are well developed in idealised models where a population is neatly divided into multiple semi-isolated sub-populations. But since such models can be explained by individual selection given the localised frequency-dependent effects involved, some argue that the group selection concepts offered are, even in the idealised case, redundant and that in natural conditions where groups are not well-defined that a group selection framework is entirely inapplicable. This does not necessarily mean, however, that a natural population is not subject to some interesting localised frequency-dependent effects – but how could we formally quantify this under realistic conditions? Here we focus on the presence of a Simpson’s Paradox where, although the local proportion of cooperators decreases at all locations, the global proportion of cooperators increases. We illustrate this principle in a simple individual-based model of bacterial biofilm growth and discuss various complicating factors in moving from theory to practice of measuring group selection
The historical imagination of Christopher Dawson
No full textChristopher Dawson (1889-1970) was one of his generation's most
important historians and religious thinkers, and was a significant
influence on many contemporaries including T.S. Eliot, C.S. Lewis,
and Russell Kirk. This dissertation is a study of his most
fundamental ideas concerning history and culture.
Chapter one examines Dawson’s sociological view of history.
Convinced that history was more than a scientific enterprise, he
believed that the true historian is one who reaches beyond the
material world to understand the essence of history’s dynamics. In
this way, the world can be conceptualized as a united whole,
separated by regional differences as a result of environment, race,
material, psychological, and religious factors. Dawson believed
that the political histories of the past several centuries failed to
grasp the undercurrents of historical change, and that the best way
to understand the past is to appreciate culture as an expression of
primeval religious traditions.
Chapter two treats Dawson’s understanding of progress. Dawson
was convinced that progress had become the “working-religion” of our
age. This secular faith, founded on scientific rationalism, first
pledged to fix the material failures of Western culture, but
unwittingly eroded its faith in God, and eventually, its moral
fiber. Dawson believed that true progress was progress of the soul
in its ordering toward the Creator.
Chapter three is a study of Dawson’s Christian, and more
specifically, his Catholic beliefs. Informed by religion, his
historical and cultural visions are not dogmatic, nor are they
polemical. He conceived of history as the unfolding of a divine
economy in the temporal world. Although Dawson is a proponent of
Roman Catholicism, his scholarship is an objective treatment of
history shaped by an undisguised, Christian worldview.
Additionally, the appendix is an introduction to Dawson’s life
and the circumstances surrounding his conversion to Roman
Catholicism. Particular attention is paid to the development of his
moral and historical imagination — both of which became intertwined to
form the basis of all of his scholarship
Surgical antisepsis and the risk of operating theatre fires
No full textMatthias Maiwald, Chris J. M. Farmer, David G. Lance, Vincent B. Nieuwenhuijs, Christopher H. Heath, David I. Watson, David L. Gordo
Emergent associative memory as a local organising principle for global adaptation in adaptive networks
No full textComplex adaptive systems composed of self-interested agents can in some circumstances self-organise into structures that enhance global adaptation or efficiency. However, the general conditions for such an outcome are poorly understood. In contrast, sufficient conditions for artificial neural networks to form structures that perform collective computational processes such as associative memory/recall, generalisation and optimisation, are well-understood. While such global functions within a single agent or organism may arise from mechanisms (e.g., Hebbian learning) that were selected for this purpose, agents in a multi-agent system have no obvious reason to produce such global behaviours when acting from individual interest. However, Hebbian learning is actually a very simple and fully-distributed habituation or positive feedback principle. Here we use an adaptive network model in which agents can modify their behaviours (states) but also their interactions with other agents (network topology). We show that when self-interested agents can modify how they are affected by other agents then, in adapting these inter- agent relationships to maximise their own utility, they will necessarily alter them in a manner homologous with Hebbian learning. When the agents adapt their behaviours relatively quickly, and their relationships with other agents relatively slowly, we find that the overall network dynamics are modified to find better adapted states more reliably. This separation in timescales causes the state dynamics to spend most of their time at attractors. Thus, the network develops an associative memory that amplifies a subset of its own attractor states. This self-organised modification to the network dynamics enhances its ability to resolve conflicts between agents. Moreover, we show that the system is not merely ‘recalling’ high quality states that have been previously visited, but ‘predicting’ their location by generalising over local attractor states that have already been visited. Thus, globally adaptive behaviours can emerge from self-organising adaptive networks that follow organisational principles familiar in connectionist models of organismic learning
Antennella singulata Watson, 2011, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Antennella singulata</i> sp. nov. <p>Fig. 8 A–H</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype, NMV F171361, microslide, male colony, on reef, North Arm Channel, Western Port, depth 8 m, coll: J. Watson, 9/01/1997. Paratype, NMV F171362, microslide and remaining preserved material, infertile colony, St Leonards pier, on sponge, depth 3 m, coll: J. Watson, 20/01/2010. Paratype, NMV F171363, microslide and remaining preserved material, St Leonards pier, on sponge, depth 2 m, coll: J. Watson, 8/ 03/2010. Paratype NMV F171374, microslide, female colony, Port Welshpool, Victoria, on <i>Caulerpa</i>, depth 2 m, coll: J. Watson, 25/02/1978. <i>Material in author’s collection</i>: Western Port, Victoria, on wharf piling, coll: J. Watson, depth 3 m, 3/12/1994. Port Welshpool jetty, on the green alga <i>Caulerpa</i>, depth 2 m, coll: J. Watson, 25/2/1978. Gabo Island, eastern Victoria, on red alga and sponge, depth 17 m, coll: J. Watson, 15/2/1972. Coniston Bay, Port Kembla, New South Wales, depth 11 m, on mussels coll: J. Watson, 12/9/1975.</p> <p> <b>Description from holotype and paratypes.</b> Colony arising from a ramified hydrorhiza; stolons tubular, surface moderately smooth, poorly adherent to substrate. Stems erect, monosiphonic, to 5 mm long, typically unbranched, but sometimes with a single short side branch, basal segment of hydrocladium of same diameter as stolon, beginning with one, sometimes two athecate internodes of variable length with a strong transverse node followed by a longer internode with long oblique distal joint, two or three nematothecae in a line along internode.</p> <p>Hydrocladium comprising alternate long, slender hydrothecate and ahydrothecate internodes; ahydrothecate internode usually the longer, ahydrothecate internode with a transverse to weakly oblique proximal node, sometimes marked only by an indentation in perisarc, distal node long, oblique, ending just below floor of hydrotheca.</p> <p>Hydrotheca cup-shaped, set at an angle of 40–45° to hydrocladial axis, walls straight to slightly expanding, abcauline wall thicker than adcauline, margin transverse to hydrothecal axis, weakly everted, perisarc thinning distally to margin, rim entire, floor of hydrotheca concave, a foramen connecting with internode at base of abcauline wall.</p> <p>Ahydrothecate internode with one median nematotheca almost central on internode, nematotheca bithalamic, base stout, almost adnate to internode, cup reduced to a triangle; three nematothecae on hydrothecate internode, one inferior median, bithalamic, base stout, closely adnate to internode, cup similar to median; twin lateral nematothecae not reaching hydrothecal margin, basal chamber cylindrical, about same length as nematotheca, basal chamber of nematotheca elongate conical, cup wide and shallow, reduced on side facing hydrotheca; median superior nematotheca bithalamic, beak-shaped with stout base, tucked below hydrotheca. Hydrorhiza with scattered nematothecae similar to laterals, but with longer bases.</p> <p>Male gonotheca facing forward along hydrocladium, borne on a pedicel of two or three short segments beside median inferior nematotheca; kidney-shaped to ovoid, walls smooth, perisarc thin; one long conical nematotheca above base, basal chamber of nematotheca long, narrow, cup shallow saucer-shaped. Aperture of gonotheca terminal, circular, slightly oblique to gonothecal axis, operculum a sheet of tissue. Female similar to male, but with two large nematothecae near base, gonophores developing into a single large planula at maturity.</p> <p>Cnidome comprising two categories of nematocysts:</p> <p>i) microbasic mastigophore (?p-mastigophore), capsule bean-shaped, 16– 17 x 10–12 µm, shaft 10–12 µm, inflated about mid length to distal third with two rows of spines, thread thick, moderately long, abundant, site unknown.</p> <p>ii)?isorhiza, capsule small, pyriform, 4– 6 x 2–3 µm, thread thick, moderately long, site unknown.</p> <p>Colour of colonies pale creamy yellow.</p> <p>Hydrocladium</p> <p>basal length of athecate internode 120–320 basal length of nematothecate internode 360–624 diameter of internode 56–64 basal length of nematothecate internode 240–312 basal length of hydrothecate internode 200–224 width at transverse node 48–52 length of abcauline wall 152–160 length of free adcauline wall 112–120 diameter at rim 176–192</p> <p>Nematotheca</p> <p>median, athecate segment, length base 30–40 median, abcauline depth of cup 20–26 median inferior, length base 40–58 median inferior, abcauline depth of cup 28–30 lateral, length of pedicel 50–58 lateral, length of base to cup 24–36 width cup, lateral view 50–51 median superior, length 24–36 gonothecal, length of base 64–88 gonothecal, length of base 80–82 gonothecal, depth of cup 32–40</p> <p>Gonotheca</p> <p>female, length of pedicel 56– 72 female, length 432– 456 female, maximum width 240– 280 male, length of pedicel 80– 11 male, length, excluding pedicel 448– 560 male, maximum width 256–280</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Six species of <i>Antennella</i> are reported from Australia: <i>A. secundaria</i> (Gmelin, 1791), <i>A. tubulosa</i> (Bale, 1894), <i>A. campanulaformis</i> (Mulder & Trebilcock, 1909) and <i>A. microscopica</i> (Mulder & Trebilcock, 1909), <i>A. dubia</i> Stechow, 1923b and <i>A. siliquosa</i> Stechow, 1923b.</p> <p> In a review of the family Halopterididae Schuchert (1997) examined the type specimen of <i>A. microscopica</i> but found it too fragmentary for confident recognition. No more material of <i>A. microscopica</i> has been found; it is likely to be a poorly preserved specimen of another species of <i>Antennella</i>. <i>A. tubulosa</i> is a rare species which has been recorded only twice, once from the type locality of Port Phillip (Bale 1894) and from Pearson Island in the eastern Great Australian Bight (Watson 1973). Schuchert (1997) redescribed <i>A. campanulaformis</i> from Mulder & Trebilcock’s type material and included <i>A. dubia</i> and <i>A. siliquosa</i> from Western Australia in its synonymy.</p> <p> <i>A. secundaria</i> is a widely distributed species in southern Australia (Stechow 1923b; Watson (1973, 1997, 2000, 2002, 2003), Queensland (Pennycuik 1959) and northern Australia (Watson 2000). Schuchert (1997) considered <i>A. secundaria</i> to be a very variable species with one to three median nematothecae on the ahydrothecate internode, suggesting it may prove to be a group of species.</p> <p> The finding of the present material led to re-examination of the author’s extensive collection of <i>Antennella</i> from southeastern Australia. While many specimens bear two to three median inferior nematothecae on the ahydrothecate internode, some from various localities consistently bore only one on a long, slender internode; it is here recognised as a new species, <i>Antennella singulata</i>. <i>A</i>. <i>singulata</i> is closely related to but is distinguished from <i>A. secundaria</i> by the single median nematotheca on the ahydrothecate internode.</p> <p> <i>Antennella singulata</i> occurs on a variety of substrates including soft sponges, mussel shells and algae.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named for the single nematotheca on the ahydrothecate internode.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Western Port, Port Phillip and south-eastern Australian coast to Port Kembla, New South Wales.</p>Published as part of <i>Watson, Jeanette E., 2011, New species, new records and redescriptions of Thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Leptothecata) from Southern Australia, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 3122</i> on pages 15-18, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/203966">10.5281/zenodo.203966</a>
Paleaequor psamathe Watson Russell 1986
No full textPaleaequor psamathe Watson Russell, 1986 Figs 13, 26 Paleaequor psamathe Watson Russell, 1986: 168–170, Figs 22–24. Type locality: Punta Pelícano, Sonora, Gulf of California, at 13 m (Watson Russell 1986). Material examined. Seventy-one specimens. Baja California: ECOSUR- 2982, 3 spec. Bahía de Los Ángeles, May 25, 1986, coll. SSV. Baja California Sur: ECOSUR-2113, 2 spec. Bahía Concepción, June 17, 1980, coll. RR; ECOSUR-2114, 3 spec. Bahía Concepción, May 6, 1981, coll. HL; ECOSUR-2112, 3 spec. El Coyote, Bahía Concepción, April 8, 1982, on coral, coll. EGV; UANL 003670, Bahía Concepción, July 18, 1985, coll. ALG; UANL 0047, Bahía Concepción, July 20, 1985, coll. ALG; UANL 0048, 3 spec. Bahía Concepción, July 20, 1985, coll. SSV; ECOSUR-2976, El Presidente Beach, La Paz Bay, October 10, 1987, coll. SSV; UMAR-Poly 955, El Presidente Beach, April 20, 1988, col. RBZ; UMAR-Poly 956, 4 spec. El Caimancito Beach, April 20, 1988, coll. RBZ; UMAR-Poly 957, Armenta, Bahía Concepción, on Sargassum sp., coll. RBZ; ECOSUR-3005, El Caimancito Beach,, La Paz Bay, February 29, 2004; ECOSUR-2977, 10 spec. La Paz Bay, 0.7 m, March 1, 2004; ECOSUR- 2989, 2 spec. La Paz Bay, 1 m, March 2, 2004; ECOSUR-3068, La Marina, 24º09.319´N, 110º19.630´W, La Paz Bay, on pier piles, 0.5 m, 1 spec. in 250 cm 2, August 14, 2011, coll. MAC & IRS; ECOSUR-3071, 3 spec. La Marina, 24º09.319´N, 110º19.630´W, La Paz Bay, on pier piles, 0.5 m, 3 spec. in 250 cm 2, August 14, 2011, coll. TVG & ADL. Nayarit: ECOSUR-2995, 5 spec. Punta Borrego, on bivalve, 1 m, November 23, 2004; ECOSUR-P3002, 3 spec. Punta Borrego, on bivalve, 2 m, November 24, 2004; ECOSUR-3212, La Cruz, on rocks, 0.3 m, November 26, 2004, coll. BY & PSS; ECOSUR-2938, 7 spec. La Manzanilla, on rock with sponge, 2 m, November 29, 2004, coll. BY & PSS. Jalisco: ECOSUR-2979, 2 spec. Melaque, on rocks with sand, 1 m, December 1, 2004, coll. BY & PSS; ECOSUR-2978, 2 spec. andador, Melaque, on rocks, 3 m, December 2, 2004, coll. BY & PSS; ECOSUR-2980, 2 spec. San Pedro Channel, rock with coral, 5 m, June 26, 2013, coll. BY. Michoacán: UMAR-Poly 958 Caleta de Campos, December 17, 1994, coll. RBZ; UMAR-Poly 959, 6 spec. Caleta de Campos, December 20, 1998, coll. RBZ. Perú: One spec. UMAR-Poly 960, Albacora, Tumbes, 3°64´78”S, 80°74´34”O, on mud, 8 m, 2012; UMAR- Poly 961, Corvina, Tumbes, 3°62´76”S, 80°70´76”O, on mud, 15 m, 2012. Description. Based on the best-preserved specimen (ECOSUR-3068): complete with 104 segments. TL= 7.1 mm, TW= 1.3 mm. Body long, slender, tapered posteriorly (Fig. 13A). Body pale orange to bright orange. Paleae fan translucent, imbricated dorsally. Prostomium visible among the first four segments. Lateral antennae short, inserted on the antero-ventral prostomial margin, median antenna slightly short than lateral ones, inserted in front of the first pair of eyes. Eyes redviolet, two pairs. Nuchal organ, small, partially covering the prostomium (Fig. 13B). Palps long, cylindrical, visible in ventral view. Mouth fold small, placed between segment 2 and 3. Pharynx eversible, not exposed, stylets thick. Parapodium from segment 15, notochaetae in three main groups (13E). Notochaetae: lateral group inserted below notaciculum, 3–5 paleae, slender and symmetrical, with 4–7 ribs (Fig. 13F); subunit 1, two kinds of paleae: subunit 1a, broad and symmetrical, with 8 internal ribs and serrated margins; subunit 1b, larger, broad and symmetrical, with 14 internal ribs (Fig. 13G). Main group, 15–17 paleae, broad and symmetrical, with 17–22 internal ribs and (3) 4–6 raised ribs (Fig. 13H). Median group, 3 paleae, shorter, broad and symmetrical, with 14–22 internal ribs and (0) 3–5 raised ribs (Fig. 13I). Neuropodium conical, slightly shorter than notopodium. Neurochaetae: unit 1, 1–2 superior spinigers, blades curved and long, 20 times longer than wide (Fig. 13J). Unit 2, 3–4 falcigers, blades curved and medium-sized, 5–6 times longer than wide (Fig. 13K). Unit 3, 4–6 falcigers, blades curved and medium-sized, 2–4 times longer than wide (Fig.13L–M). Unit 4, 2–3 falcigers, blades curved and short, 2–3 times longer than wide (Fig. 13N). Pygidium rounded with two anal cirri, and a large ventral cone (Fig. 13C). Oocyte size: 15–25 µm (n=6) (Fig. 13D). Habitat. Intertidal to subtidal (0.5– 20 m). Specimens of P. psamathe were collected on rock, sand, mud, as epibiont of bivalves, coral, and among the fouling communities. This species has been also recorded as epibiont of algae, sponges, and in tubes of terebellids and chaetopterids (Watson Russell 1986; Cruz-Gómez & Bastida-Zavala 2018). Distribution. From Bahía de los Ángeles, Baja California to Albacora, Perú (Fig. 26). Remarks. Specimens from México and Perú shared the same features and agree with the description and illustrations by Watson Russell (1986).Published as part of Cruz-Gómez, Christopher, 2021, A new genus and seven new species of chrysopetalids (Annelida, Chrysopetalidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 5068 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/570200
Return on Investment in Public Relations: A critical assessment of concepts used by practitioners from the perspectives of communication and management sciences
No full textReturn on Investment (ROI) is a term commonly and non-specifically used by public relations practitioners when discussing the value to be created from communication activities. It mimics business language, particularly from business administration and financial management, but does not figure widely in academic discourse (Watson, 2005).
Although the Institute for Public Relations [now CIPR] undertook a review of ROI practice in the United Kingdom (IPR/CDF 2004) and Likely, Rockland & Weiner (2006) proposed variations of ROI as alternatives to the discredited Advertising Value Equivalence (AVEs) measure of value creation, there has been little discussion other than Macnamara (2007) and Gregory and Watson (2008).
This paper gives an overview on the views of ROI in public relations literature and concepts used by agencies and providers of measurement services. It reports on survey research amongst practitioners in several European countries on identifying the economic value of public relations. The findings are compared with the concepts of ROI used in business and accounting literature (Weber and Schäffer, 2006; Drury, 2007).
Applied theory and parameters for the development of measurement and evaluation techniques are proposed. The paper concludes that the use of the term ROI in public relations needs a proper foundation in overriding management theory; otherwise PR theory and practice will discredit themselves
Paleanotus silopsis Watson, 2015, n. sp.
No full textPaleanotus silopsis n. sp. (Figs 1 H; 7 A −D) Type material. Holotype: NTM W. 24186, Western Pacific Ocean, Australia, QLD, GBR, Lizard Island, Mermaid Cove, 14 º 38.76 ’S, 145 º 27.216 ’E, CReefs, LI- 10-19, coral rubble, 2 m, coll. C. Watson, Sep 2010, (1, 100 NE, L: 11 mm, W: 0.64 mm). Paratype: NTM W. 22923, same details as holotype, (1, 30 E, L: 3.2 mm, W: 0.8 mm). Other material examined. NTM W. 24186, High Rock, CReefs, LI- 10-134 C, 6 m, coral rubble, coll. C. Buxton, Sep 2010, (1 fragment, male); NTM W. 23203, Day Reef, CReefs, LI-09-019, coral rubble, 10 m, coll. M. Blazewicz-Paszokowycz, Feb 2009, (1 NE); AM W. 46151, Lizard Island, MI QLD 2359, (1); SIO A 3633, Indonesia, West Papua, Raja Ampat, Moiskon Island, coll. G. Rouse, 2012, (2: 1, male, 36 E, L: 4.6 mm; W: 0.5 mm; 1, 23NE, anterior end, L: 1.5 mm; W: 0. 35 mm); NTM W. 25639, Philippines, Luzon Island, Batangas Bay, Koala Point, 13 º 44.3 ’N, 120 º 53.4 ’E, rubble & yellow sponge, 10−16 m, coll. San Martin et al., Dec 2010, (1, 64 NE, W: 0.45 mm); NTM W. 24188, Palawan Island, El Nido, 11 º 41 ’N, 119 º 25 ’E, coral rubble with Lithothamnion, small red coralline algae, 3−12 m, Dec 2010, coll. C. Watson et al., (1, 70 NE, ovigerous female, L: 6.5 mm, W: 0.51 mm). P. silopsis species complex NTM W. 25637, Eastern Pacific, Moorea, Outer reef between Opunuhu Bay & Motus Islands, Stn. 487, 15– 18m, coll. J. Moore, Oct 2010, (1, 92E; 1 NE, mid-body fragment, male with sperm, W: 0.37 mm). Description. (based on holotype and other material where noted). Long, slender body with small parapodia, short, notochaetal paleal fans transparent to pale golden colour. Live Philippine specimen with pale body, bright, lightgold paleae. Holotype 100 segments not entire, length 11 mm, width 0.64 mm. Anterior end same as that described for P.s i l u s n. sp. with two pairs of maroon-red eyes dominating prostomium; median antenna comparatively more subulate, not with swollen tip (Fig. 7 A). Notochaetae of mid-body notopodium composed of 2–4 pointed lateral paleae with slender, fine serrate margins, 4–6 ribs; single sub-unit 1 palea with 7–9 ribs; short spine may be present (Fig. 7 C). Main paleae number up to 10 with shallow apices, serrate convex margin to apex (tiny hoods may be present); 14–17 ribs, nearly all with full length b.l. pattern. Median paleae number 3–5 with (13), 14–17 ribs, including 3−4 noticeable raised ribs and up to 14 b.l. ribs; median broad, leaf-shaped with pointed tips (Fig. 7 B, D). Neurochaetae of mid-body neuropodium composed of 2 superior long falcigers; 1 slightly shorter midsuperior; 15 mid-group falciger; about 5 inferior shortest falcigers. Total number approximately 25 with all compound articles slender; ventral cirrus subulate (Fig. 7 C). Remarks. Paleanotus silopsis n. sp. is represented by two entire specimens from Thailand and Indonesia; other specimens are broken with no anterior or posterior ends present. One GBR individual of 100 segments, not entire, has a length of 11 mm. Diagnostic characters of Paleanotus silopsis n. sp. include broad, leaf shaped and pointed median paleae; broad main paleae rounded distally with a slightly more distinct apex; greater degree of serrated paleae margins and b.l. projection and ventral cirri basally more broad (Figs 1 H; 7 B, D). Paleanotus silopsis n. sp. (western Pacific Ocean) is very similar to P. silus n. sp. (eastern Indian Ocean) but possesses median paleae of a different shape with a greater number of ribs and main paleae with a slightly greater number of ribs (detailed comparison in P. s i l u s n. sp. see Remarks). One male from Raja Ampat had sperm visible in segments 6 to 36 of an entire specimen. A Philippine ovigerous female had large eggs, similar in size to those observed in P. silus n. sp. Segments full of gametes may appear bead-like. A live male from Moorea had a clear body with yellow oil globules inside and white pigment on each segment, indicative of white granules; a condition seen in mature Treptopale species (Watson 2010). Eastern Pacific, Moorea specimen (P. silopsis species complex) exhibits characters similar to the western Pacific P. s i l o ps i s n. sp., but agrees more with Caribbean Sea material collected by the author. These constitute a new species which will be described as part of a genetic study of the ‘ silus / silopsis ’complex (Watson in prep.). Etymology. The species name silopsis refers to this species being very similar in appearance to silus. Silus refers to the pug-nosed shape of the main paleae and the Latin suffix ‘ opsis ’ refers to a likeness. Habitat / Distribution. Paleanotus silopsis n. sp. is present along the western Pacific Ocean rim at Lizard Island, GBR, Indonesia and the Philippines. Found amongst coral rubble from 1− 16 m.Published as part of Watson, Charlotte, 2015, Seven new species of Paleanotus (Annelida: Chrysopetalidae) described from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, and coral reefs of northern Australia and the Indo-Pacific: two cryptic species pairs revealed between western Pacific Ocean and the eastern Indian Ocean, pp. 707-732 in Zootaxa 4019 (1) on pages 724-726, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4019.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/23424
sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911211070623 – Supplemental material for The Placement of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Within a Five-Factor Model of Maladaptive Personality
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-asm-10.1177_10731911211070623 for The Placement of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Within a Five-Factor Model of Maladaptive Personality by Samuel E. Cooper, Christopher Hunt, Sara M. Stasik-O’Brien, Hannah Berg, Shmuel Lissek, David Watson and Robert F. Krueger in Assessment</p
Paleaequor nicoyensis Watson Russell 1986
No full text<i>Paleaequor nicoyensis</i> Watson Russell, 1986 <p>Figs 11, 12</p> <p> <i>Paleaequor nicoyensis</i> Watson Russell, 1986: 170–172, Figs 25 –28.</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica, on sand at 44 m (Watson Russell 1986).</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Seven specimens. <b>Costa Rica:</b> Two spec. <b>Puntarenas:</b> UMAR-Poly-OH-018, cruise pier, on pier piles, 1.5 m, November 22, 2012, coll. TVG. <b>Guanacaste:</b> UMAR-Poly-OH-027, Cabuyal beach, on dead coral, 0.5 m, November 3, 2012, coll. TVG. <b>Perú:</b> Five spec. <b>Piura:</b> UMAR-Poly 953, 3 spec. Vichayo, 5°47´56”S, 80°56´48”W, on shells, 0.5 m, 2014, coll. IC. <b>Tumbes:</b> UMAR-Poly 954, 2 spec. Corvina, 3°62´76”S, 80°70´76”W, in mud, 15 m, 2012.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Based on the best-preserved specimens (UMAR-Poly 954): complete with 57 segments. TL= 6.3 mm, TW= 0.8 mm. Body long, slender, tapered posteriorly (Fig. 11A). Body pale orange. Paleae fan translucent, imbricated dorsally.</p> <p>Prostomium visible among the first four segments. Lateral antennae short, inserted on the antero-ventral prostomial margin, median antenna about the same length of lateral ones, inserted in front of the first pair of eyes. Eyes red-violet, two pairs. Nuchal organ, small, partially covering the prostomium (Fig. 11B). Palps long, cylindrical, visible in ventral view. Mouth fold small, placed between segment 2 and 3. Pharynx eversible, not exposed, stylets thick.</p> <p>Parapodium from segment 20, notochaetae in three main groups (Fig. 7E). Notochaetae: lateral group inserted below notaciculum, 2–6 paleae, slender and symmetrical, with 5–8 internal ribs (Fig. 11E); subunit 1, 1 palea, slender and symmetrical, with 9–15 internal ribs, and margins finely serrated (Fig. 11F). Main group, 20–26 paleae, broad and symmetrical, with (14) 16–19 internal ribs, and 4–5 raised ribs (Fig. 11G). Median group, 3–4 paleae shorter, broad, symmetrical, with (12) 13–20 internal ribs and 2–4 raised ribs (Fig. 11H).</p> <p>Neuropodium conical, slightly longer than notopodium. Neurochaetae: unit 1, 2–4 superior spinigers, blades straight and long, 12–14 times longer than wide (Fig. 11I). Unit 2, 2–4 falcigers, blades straight and medium-sized, 6–7 times longer than wide (Fig. 11J). Unit 3, 4–5 falcigers, blades straight and medium-size, 4–5 times longer than wide (Fig. 11K–L). Unit 4, 2–3 falcigers, blades straight and short, 3 times longer than wide (Fig.11M). Pygidium rounded with two anal cirri, and a reduced ventral cone (Fig. 11C). Oocytes not seen.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> Intertidal to subtidal (0.5– 15 m). Specimens of <i>P. nicoyensis</i> were collected in mud, shells, dead coral, among the fouling communities; also, previously recorded on coarse sand (Watson Russell 1986).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> From Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica to Corvina, Perú (Fig. 12).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Examined specimens of <i>P. nicoyensis</i> agree with the original description by Watson Russell (1986); however, intraspecific differences were detected. Specimens from Perú have a lower number of paleae on every group of paleae, possibly associated with the size, since these specimens were smaller than those collected from Costa Rica.</p>Published as part of <i>Cruz-Gómez, Christopher, 2021, A new genus and seven new species of chrysopetalids (Annelida, Chrysopetalidae) from the Tropical Eastern Pacific, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 5068 (1)</i> on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5702007">http://zenodo.org/record/5702007</a>
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