46 research outputs found
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Flagellin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-κB Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells
No full textCitation: Wang, G.; Geisbrecht, B.V.; Rueter, C.; Hardwidge, P.R. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Flagellin Inhibits TNF-Induced NF-κB Activation in Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Pathogens 2017, 6, 18.Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) causes childhood diarrhea in developing countries. ETEC strains produce the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and/or heat-stable enterotoxins (ST) and encode a diverse set of colonization factors used for adherence to intestinal epithelial cells. We previously found that ETEC secretes a heat-stable protein we designated as ETEC Secreted Factor (ESF) that inhibits the extent of NF-κB activation normally induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF). Here we fractionated ETEC supernatants using fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) and determined that ETEC flagellin was necessary and sufficient to protect IκBα from degradation in response to TNF stimulation. These data suggest a potentially novel mechanism by which ETEC may evade the host innate immune response by down-regulating NF-κB-dependent host responses
The Effect of Acute Cocaine Exposure on NMDA Receptor Subunits in Pedunculopontine Nucleus to Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta Synapses
No full textThe substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) is implicated in cocaine addiction due to increased NMDA receptor-mediated current found after acute cocaine exposure. The present study seeks to determine if this increase is driven by a subunit change that decreases magnesium blockage of the receptor and thus increases current. To test this, NMDA receptor-mediated current was isolated and recorded at holding voltages from -80 mV to +40 mV. It was found that at negative holding voltages, NMDA receptors conduct more current, potentially indicating that a subunit change occurs. However, more data collection will be needed to affirm these results. Continued support of a subunit change hypothesis would give researchers more knowledge on the cellular mechanisms of early-stage cocaine addiction, and provide guidance when investigating potential treatment options
Induction coil as a non-contacting ultrasound transmitter and detector: Modeling of magnetic fields for improving the performance
No full textAbstractA simple copper coil without a voluminous stationary magnet can be utilized as a non-contacting transmitter and as a detector for ultrasonic vibrations in metals. Advantages of such compact EMATs without (electro-)magnet might be: applications in critical environments (hot, narrow, presence of iron filings…), potentially superior fields (then improved ultrasound transmission and more sensitive ultrasound detection).The induction field of an EMAT strongly influences ultrasound transduction in the nearby metal. Herein, a simplified analytical method for field description at high liftoff is presented. Within certain limitations this method reasonably describes magnetic fields (and resulting eddy currents, inductances, Lorentz forces, acoustic pressures) of even complex coil arrangements. The methods can be adapted to conventional EMATS with a separate stationary magnet.Increased distances (liftoff) are challenging and technically relevant, and this practical question is addressed: with limited electrical power and given free space between transducer and target metal, what would be the most efficient geometry of a circular coil? Furthermore, more complex coil geometries (“butterfly coil”) with a concentrated field and relatively higher reach are briefly investigated
The U.S. Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry: Economics of Plant Size and Utilization Projected to 1970
No full textIn 1965, the University of Nebraska entered into a contract with the Farmer Cooperative Service of the United States Department of Agriculture to analyze the conditions of supply, demand, price, and capacity of the nitrogen fertilizer industry in the United States, and to project these variables through 1970. This thesis is based on a report by the author which partially fulfilled the requirements of the contract.
The purpose of this study was to present the historical trends in nitrogen fertilizer consumption, costs, and prices, and to project these trends through 1970 for each region of the United States. The primary contribution of the study is to estimate the effect of economies of plant size and utilization on costs and alternative pricing strategies.
Advisor: Richard G. Wals
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BREAKOUT SESSION ONE
No full textBreakout Session topics are listed below. Read the presentations descriptions HERE. Read Presenters bio's HERE. Campus Center Auditorium (Level 1): Talking to Young Adults About Being Adopted | by Joyce Maguire Pavao Room 162 (Level 1): Adoption Disclosure: The Impact of Late Discovery of Adoption on Adult Adoptees | by Amanda Baden, Elliotte Harrington, Doug Shadel, Ron Morgan, Lauren Spinella & Nicole Christian. Room 165 (Level 1): Are You Still My Family?: Policy and Practice Around Post-Adoption Sibling Visitation | by Dawn Post & Sarah McCarthy Room 908 (Level 9): Emerging Adulthood in Open Adoption | by Deborah Siegel And Predictors of Adoptive Family Relationships During Emerging Adulthood | By Amy Walkner & Martha Rueter Room 917 (Level 9): African American Adopted Children Launching Into Adulthood: Experiences in a Rural Faith-Based Community Setting | by Ruth McRoy & Kathleen Belange
Adnominal Person in the Morphological System of Erzya : Adnominaalinen persoona ersän kielen morfologisessa järjestelmässä
No full textThis dissertation is a synchronic description of adnominal person in the highly synthetic morphological system of Erzya as attested in extensive Erzya-language written-text corpora consisting of nearly 140 publications with over 4.5 million words and over 285,000 unique lexical items.
Insight for this description have been obtained from several source grammars in German, Russian, Erzya, Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian, as well as bounteous discussions in the understanding of the language with native speakers and grammarians 1993 2010.
Introductory information includes the discussion of the status of Erzya as a lan- guage, the enumeration of phonemes generally used in the transliteration of texts and an in-depth description of adnominal morphology. The reader is then made aware of typological and Erzya-specifc work in the study of adnominal-type person.
Methods of description draw upon the prerequisite information required in the development of a two-level morphological analyzer, as can be obtained in the typological description of allomorphic variation in the target language. Indication of original author or dialect background is considered important in the attestation of linguistic phenomena, such that variation might be plotted for a synchronic description of the language.
The phonological description includes the establishment of a 6-vowel, 29-consonant phoneme system for use in the transliteration of annotated texts, i.e. two phonemes more than are generally recognized, and numerous rules governing allophonic variation in the language.
Erzya adnominal morphology is demonstrated to have a three-way split in stem types and a three-layer system of non-derivative affixation. The adnominal-affixation layers are broken into (a) declension (the categories of case, number and deictic marking); (b) nominal conjugation (non-verb grammatical and oblique-case items can be conjugated), and (c) clitic marking. Each layer is given statistical detail with regard to concatenability.
Finally, individual subsections are dedicated to the matters of: possessive declension compatibility in the distinction of sublexica; genitive and dative-case paradigmatic defectivity in the possessive declension, where it is demonstrated to be parametrically diverse, and secondary declension, a proposed typology modifiers without nouns , as compatible with adnominal person.Väitöskirjatyöni on synkroninen kuvaus ersän kielen monipuolisesta omistusliitteiden käytöstä. Tutkimusaineistona on käytetty ersänkielisiä tekstikorpuksia, jotka koostuvat lähes 140 julkaisusta, yli 4,5 miljoonasta sanasta ja yli 285000 erillisestä sanamuodosta.
Kuvauksen pohjana ovat erikieliset ersän kieliopit. Keskusteluilla niin ersää äidinkielenään puhuvien kuin muiden kielioppien kirjoittajien kanssa vuosina 1993 2010 on ollut tärkeä merkitys sille, miten työ kokonaisuudessaan on muotoutunut.
Väitöskirjan alkuosassa pohditaan ersän kielen asemaa ja sen tulevaisuutta. Myös ersän äännejärjestelmän kuvaus sekä perusteellinen ja monipuolinen ersän nominaalilausekkeiden rakenteiden kuvaus sisältyy väitöskirjan alkuosaan. Luvussa 1.3. käsitellään persoonatutkimuksen taustaa ja tutkimuksia, jotka koskevat typologiaa ja eri kieliopeissa käsiteltyjä ersän persoonarakenteita.
Kuvauksen menetelmissä (luku 2.) on hyödynnetty kielen morfologisen tason kuvausta varten kehitettyä kaksitasomallia, jota voidaan käyttää sanamuotojen morfologisessa analyysissa. Tätä analyysia voidaan taas hyödyntää ersän allomorfisen variaation typologisesta kuvauksesta. Hypoteesina on, että tekstin alkuperäisen kirjoittajan taustaa ja myös murretaustaa koskeva tieto on tärkeä kielellisten ilmiöiden kuvauksissa; näiden tietojen käyttäminen mahdollistaa kielen variaation synkronisen kuvauksen.
Fonologiseen kuvaukseen (luku 3.) kuuluu 6-vokaalinen ja 29-konsonanttinen foneemijärjestelmä (2 uutta), jota on käytetty automaattisesti jäsennettyjen tekstien tarkekirjoituksessa. Lisäksi tarjotaan lukuisia sääntöjä, joiden avulla kuvataan allofonista vaihtelua.
Ersän nominaalilausekkeiden taivutus esitetään kolmena kerrostumana. Nämä kerrostumat jaetaan (luku 4.2.1.-3.) substiivityyppiseen, johon sisältyy sijan, luvun ja deiksiksen merkintä, (luku 4.2.4.) nominaalikonjugaatioon: tämä koskee ersän nominatiivi- ja oblikvisijaisia nomineja, postpositioita, adverbeja ja infinitiivejä, ja (luku 4.2.5.) partikkelien merkintään. Jokaisen kerrostuman kuvauksessa esitetään tilastollista tietoa siitä, miten eri elementit voidaan liittää toisiinsa.
Erikseen käsitellään luvussa 4.3. possessiivitaivutuksessa esiintyviä sijamuotoja suhteessa semanttisiin alileksikoihin, luvussa 4.4. possessiivitaivutuksen genetiivin ja datiivin vajaaparadigmaisuutta ja parametrista eroavaisuutta, ja luvussa 4.5 laajennettua modifioija ilman pääsanoja typologiaa, ja sen yhteen sopivuus adnominaalisen persoonan kanssa.ei saavutettav
The shaping of student knowledge: learning with dynamic geometry software
No full textThe focus of this paper is a software genre usually referred to as ‘dynamic geometry’ because of the ability of the user to dynamically manipulate geometrical figures created with the software tool. Using data from a longitudinal study of 12-13 students’ use of dynamic geometry software, the focus of the analysis is on the interpretations the students make of geometrical objects and relationships when using this form of software. The analysis suggests that the students’ mathematical reasoning is shaped by their interactions with the software in that their ability to explain geometrical facts and relationships evolves from imprecise, ‘everyday’ expressions, through reasoning that is overtly mediated by the software environment, to mathematical explanations of the geometric situation that transcend the particular tool being used. Such findings suggest that curriculum initiatives that encourage the use of dynamic geometry software are appropriate but that the incorporation of such software into classroom practices is unlikely to be straightforward
Experimental observation of modulational instability in the 1st and 2nd band of a self-defocusing nonlinear waveguide array
No full textGap solitons in defocusing lithium niobate binary waveguide arrays fabricated by proton implantation and selective light illumination
No full textPhotovoltaic photorefractive binary waveguide arrays are fabricated by proton implantation and selective light illumination on top of an iron-doped near stoichiometric lithium niobate crystal. Linear discrete diffraction and nonlinear formation of gap solitons were investigated by single-channel excitation using Gaussian light beams coupled into either wide or narrow waveguide channels. The results show that, at low power, linear light propagation leads to discrete diffraction, whilst for higher input power the focusing mechanism dominates, finally leading to the formation of gap solitons in the binary waveguide arrays. Our simulation of light propagation based on a nonlinear beam propagation method confirms the experimental findings
