5 research outputs found
Impacts of land use on soil erosion: RUSLE analysis in a sub-basin of the Peruvian Amazon (2016–2022)
No full textThe Peruvian Amazon faces an increasing threat of soil erosion, driven by unsustainable agricultural practices and accelerated deforestation. In Neshuya (Ucayali region), agricultural activity has intensified since 2014, but the effect on soil erosion is unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the increase in erosion levels, at a subbasin of the central–eastern Amazon of Peru, in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. The revised universal soil loss equation (RUSLE) model was used for assessing the effect of vegetation cover change from 2016 to 2022. In the Neshuya sub-basin (973.4 km2 ), the average erosion increased from 3.87 to 4.55 t ha−1 year−1 , on average. In addition, there is great spatial variability in the values. In addition, 7.65% of the study area (74.52 km2 ) exceeds the soil loss tolerance limit (15 t ha−1 year−1 ). The deforestation rate was 17.99 km2 year−1 and by 2022 the forested area reached 237.65 km2 . In conclusion, the transition from forest to farmland was related to the most critical erosion values. Unsustainable soil management practices can be the underlying explanation of changes in soil chemical and physical properties. Also, social dynamic changes and differences in landscape patterns play a role.This research was funded by the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” CUI 2487112. Acknowledgments: We would like to acknowledge the collaborators of the EEA Pucallpa for giving us the necessary help to finish this wor
Monitoring the Stability of a Moraine Dam by Differential Interferometry (DInSAR) to Prevent GLOFs Disasters from Arhuaycocha Lake
No full textEste estudio evalúa la estabilidad del dique morrénico de la laguna Arhuaycocha, ubicada en la Cordillera Blanca, mediante el uso de Interferometría Diferencial de Radar de Apertura Sintética (DInSAR), con el objetivo de prevenir desastres asociados a inundaciones repentinas de origen glaciar (GLOF). La Cordillera Blanca, reconocida como la cadena montañosa tropical con mayor concentración de glaciares en el mundo, ha experimentado una significativa reducción en su cobertura glaciar desde 1930, lo que ha generado la formación de numerosos lagos represados por morrenas. De los 230 lagos glaciares identificados en la región, 119 presentan este tipo de represa natural. Estos cuerpos de agua han incrementado el riesgo de GLOF, sobre todo cuando se ven afectados por movimientos en las laderas, como caídas de hielo, avalanchas y desprendimientos de roca. A través del monitoreo satelital con DInSAR, se busca detectar desplazamientos en las morrenas que puedan comprometer la estabilidad de los diques, permitiendo una evaluación temprana de posibles amenazas y contribuyendo así a una gestión más efectiva del riesgo en cuencas glaciares vulnerables
DInSAR monitoring of glacier dynamics in Cordillera Blanca and Vilcabamba
No full textEste estudio aplica el análisis de Radar de Apertura Sintética Interferométrica Diferencial (DInSAR) utilizando datos del satélite Sentinel-1, con el fin de monitorear la dinámica glaciar en las cordilleras Blanca y Vilcabamba entre febrero de 2019 y marzo de 2020. Ante las limitaciones de los métodos convencionales y las imágenes ópticas, especialmente en zonas montañosas remotas con alta cobertura nubosa, el enfoque DInSAR permitió mapear desplazamientos y hundimientos en los glaciares. Estos resultados se integraron con datos de temperatura superficial y precipitaciones, lo que permitió generar estadísticas zonales y evaluar áreas asociadas a posibles peligros por inundaciones repentinas de origen glaciar (GLOF). El estudio ofrece una visión más precisa sobre los efectos del cambio climático en la dinámica de los glaciares tropicales y contribuye a la identificación de regiones vulnerables en los Andes peruanos
Native microbial consortia: A sustainable strategy for improving the quality of forest seedlings in the Peruvian Amazon
No full textForest plantations represent an alternative to reduce timber extraction pressure in the Amazonian forests. In order to tolerate the hostile field conditions of deforested areas, high-quality seedlings are required. This study aimed to find the optimal dose of a native microbial consortium (NMC), which enhances seedling quality indicators, in three forest species at nursery phase. A completely randomized design (3 × 5) was used. Factor 1: Bolaina blanca (Guazuma crinita Mart.), Capirona (Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth. Hook. f.), and Marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.). Factor 2: Incremental doses of 0, 160, 320, 480, and 640 mL NMC per plant. The nursery survival (%), robustness index, root height/length ratio, shoot–root index, Dickson Quality Index (DQI), Nitrogen (%), Phosphorus (%), and Potassium (%) content in tissues were analyzed. Statistical analyses consisted of two-way ANOVA per variable and correlation analysis. The results indicated that increasing doses of NMC did not improve nursery survival for any species; did not decrease the robustness index, plant height/root length ratio, or the shoot–root index for any species; and did not increase the DQI, P%, or K% for any species; however, they did increase the N% for all species. In conclusion, the incremental dose of 160 mL was chosen for increasing the N% without affecting nursery survival.This research was funded by the research project “Analysis of Native Beneficial Microorganisms and their influence on the quality of forest species seedlings n Pucallpa” with Dr. Cesar Mori Montero as project manager and funded by the Camisea Socioeconomic Development Fund—FOCAM, through the Scientific-Technological and Innovation Research Projects Contest—2021, organized by the Vice-Rectorate of Research of the National University of Ucayali. Also, it received contributions from the INIA project “Mejoramiento de los servicios de investigación y transferencia tecnológica en el manejo y recuperación de suelos agrícolas degradados y aguas para riego en la pequeña y mediana agricultura en los departamentos de Lima, Áncash, San Martín, Cajamarca, Lambayeque, Junín, Ayacucho, Arequipa, Puno y Ucayali” under CUI 2487112
Tillage Practices and Liming: Comparative Study of Soil Properties and Forage Corn Production
No full textTillage conservation practices (CA), traditional agriculture (TA), and liming influence soil properties and crop yield. However, it is essential to demonstrate which tillage and liming practices improve soil properties and forage corn yield. This study compared soil properties and forage corn production in two tillage systems with the addition of dolomite and lime, which formed four treatments. The tillage in the first three days surpassed the TA soil CO2 emission, with 64.8% more CO2 than in the CA soil, and the TA hydraulic conductivity and bulk density were more suitable than those in the CA soil. The CA soil had 233 earthworms m−2 more than in TA. The TA green forage corn yielded 6.45 t ha−1 more than in CA, with a higher P, Ca, and Mg foliar content than in CA, but in the CA, the foliar N and K were higher than in TA. The liming increased soil cations (except K), highlighting the lime on dolomite with—52% Al and + 4.85 t ha−1 of forage corn compared to the control. Soil CO2 emission was far lower in CA than in TA, with a slightly lower forage yield, and other soil properties were improved, meaning lower land preparation costs and time savings than in TA. Lime improved acidic soil faster than dolomite, generating higher forage yields
