70 research outputs found
Caste, class and family structure in West Bengal villages
No full textAnalysis of household survey data collected from three villages of West Bengal, India, shows that caste status continues to be significantly related to structure. However, class status - whether based on occupation or landownership - has a stronger & statistically more significant relationship with family structure. Further analysis shows that both occupational classes & caste structure are strongly related to landownership & also show statistically significant relationships with each other. It appears that it is because of their strong relationship with landownership that occupational classes & caste structure maintain significant relationships with family structure. 7 Tables, 22 References. Adapted from the source document.CD: JCFSAOSource type: Electronic(1
Nuclear and joint family households in West Bengal villages
No full textExamines whether nuclear family households are gaining ground in India at the expense of joint family households, based on a questionnaire survey of all 544 households of 3 villages in the Arambagh region of the Hooghly District of West Bengal. The findings suggest that: (1) although the joint family household is not the typical household in rural West Bengal, either in terms of its proportion among all households or in terms of people belonging to it, it shows a remarkable stability, & thus provides support to the cyclical view that joint family households are relatively stable in their rate of incidence, & nuclear family households are transitional forms in the normal functioning of the developmental cycle of joint family units; (2) the developmental cycle of formation & dissolution of joint family households varies by different groups in a village in that the proportion of joint family households tends to be significantly higher among household heads who are age 45+, own land, operate large farms, follow agricultural occupations, belong to high or middle castes, &/or are literate, than among those who are age 44 or younger, landless, operate smaller farms, follow nonagricultural occupations, belong to low castes, or are illiterate; (3) only four characteristics - age, landownership, occupation, & literacy - are independently related to the incidence of household types, & they show a stronger relationship to household types when combined into an index than does each characteristic, except age, related singly; & (4) once the household head is age 45+, regardless of his other characteristics, & his first son is old enough to bring his wife into the household, his probability of heading a joint family increases significantly. The high proportion of nuclear family households in the 3 villages suggest that married sons tend to separate from their parental households almost immediately after they themselves become parents. The joint family household, however, persists as a unit for a relatively longer period of time after it comes into existence among those people in a village who own land, follow agricultural occupations, & are literate. 7 Tables, 16 References. Modified AA.CD: ETNLB6 RX: 1 (on Apr 03, 2007)Source type: Electronic(1
Effect of device parameters on transmission coefficient of Al₀.₃Ga₀.₈N/GaN Resonant Tunneling Diode grown on silicon substrate
No full textLink to publisher's homepage at http://ijneam.unimap.edu.my/AlGaN/GaN Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTD) have increasingly become important since these are ideally suited for high power, high frequency performance and capable of providing negative differential resistance at room temperature. Transmission coefficient (TC) is an important factor to determine the negative differential resistance (NDR) and peak-to-valley ratio of RTD. An analytical model is developed here to predict the variation of Tc of AlGaN/GaN RTD structure with life time of carrier which is affected by different factors such as doping concentration, temperature and dislocation density in the film grown on substrate of different material. A comparative study of performance of RTD in terms of mobility of carrier in GaN grown on silicon substrate is also studied in this analysis
Correlation between Effects of Cushion Density and Principle Components of Ground Reaction Forces for Variable Gait
No full textEffects of variable cushion densities on human gait are estimated by analyzing principle components of Ground Reaction Force (GRF) which includes Vertical Ground Reaction Forces (VGRF), Moments (M) and Center of Pressure (COP). This biomechanics study aims to identify design and parameters for quantification of a prosthetic foot. VGRF is important to analyze dynamics of human gait and predict the quality of prosthetic foot, and more accurate estimation is possible by inclusion of lower limb moments and COP. Experimental GRF data of human gait with cushion pads of different densities under heal area is acquired through force platform. Recorded gait data is correlated for variation in VGRF, moments and COP with respect to variation in Cushion Densities (CD). It is observed that VGRF (FZ1, FZ3) and Moment (M1) decrease significantly with the increase in cushion densities. Similarly, VGRF (Fz2), Moment (M2, M3) and COP increase with the increase in cushion densities and that VGRF reduces for walking at normal speed with added cushion heel as compared to bare foot (without cushion pads) walking
Plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy growth and effect of varying buffer thickness on the formation of ultra-thin In0.17Al0.83N/GaN heterostructure on Si(111)
No full textImpact of varying buffer thickness generated strain and threading dislocations on the formation of plasma assisted MBE grown ultra-thin AlGaN/GaN heterostructure on silicon
No full textImpact of varying buffer thickness generated strain and threading dislocations on the formation of plasma assisted MBE grown ultra-thin AlGaN/GaN heterostructure on silicon
No full textPlasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) growth of ultra-thin Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN heterostructures on Si(111) substrate with three buffer thickness (600 nm/400 nm/200 nm) have been reported. An unique growth process has been developed that supports lower temperature epitaxy of GaN buffer which minimizes thermally generated tensile strain through appropriate nitridation and AlN initiated epitaxy for achieving high quality GaN buffer which supports such ultra-thin heterostructures in the range of 10-15Å. It is followed by investigations of role of buffer thickness on formation of ultra-thin Al0.2Ga0.8N/GaN heterostructure, in terms of stress-strain and threading dislocation (TD). Structural characterization were performed by High-Resolution X-Ray Diffraction (HRXRD), room-temperature Photoluminescence (RT-PL), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Analysis revealed increasing biaxial tensile stress of 0.6918 ± 0.04, 1.1084, 1.1814 GPa in heterostructures with decreasing buffer thickness of 600, 400, 200 nm respectively which are summed up with residual tensile strain causing red-shift in RT-PL peak. Also, increasing buffer thickness drastically reduced TD density from the order 1010 cm−2 to 108 cm−2. Surface morphology through AFM leads to decrease of pits and root mean square value with increasing buffer thickness which are resulted due to reduction of combined effect of strain and TDs
Estimation of Forces and Moments of Lower Limb Joints from Kinematics Data and Inertial Properties of the Body by Using Inverse Dynamics Technique
No full textAbstract: In this paper, the forces and its moments acting on hip, knee & ankle joints of the body have been estimated with the help of kinetic models for better biomechanics understanding of human gait. This helps in accurate measurement of segmental masses, acceleration, joint centers and moment of inertia acting at various joints. Free Body Diagram (FBD) and Link Segment Model (LSM) are used for computing forces & moments using Inverse Dynamics (ID) technique. Available lower limb walking model is limited in terms of number of joint forces and moments are analyzed; so, the improved biomechanical model for kinetic analysis of human walk involving lower limb joints & muscles is proposed which estimate the forces acting on the hip joint, knee joint & ankle joints. This was also performed to understand the cause of deviation in any movement by estimating the patterns of forces acting on lower limb joints. Result analysis provides input parameter for the development of prosthetic foot design. by informing the force and moment values of lower limb joints. This analysis will also help for quantification of lower limb prosthetics
Analytical modelling of base transit time and gain of InP/InGaAs HBTs including effect of temperature
No full textThe Initiatives and Role of Librarians towards Open Access
Get PDFOpen Access is the free online availability of digital contents, scholarly journal articles, research results that authors publish without expectation of payment and is based on an ethical argument that research funded by the public should be available to the public. Open Access operates within the legal framework and owns the original copyrights for their work. Authors can transfer the rights to publishers to post the work on the web or else can retain the right to post their work on the archives. This article talks about the influence of open access in the present era. The objectives of the researcher have been clearly defined. A thorough in-depth literature review has been provided on the subject of the study. The initiatives on the Indian side towards open access has been defined with the table showing various repositories. Then the role played by Librarians towards the open access movement has been discussed. A few suggestions have been given by the researcher for consideration and finally, the conclusion has been drawn on the above subject
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