1,721,054 research outputs found
광결정 광섬유의 모드 특성 연구
No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 물리학과, 2006.2, [ vii, 33 p. ]Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are a special class of pure-silica optical fibers. They consist of a silica core, surrounded by a periodic array of air-holes running along the entire length of the fiber. These air-holes permit guidance of light through total internal reflection in the case of index-guiding microstructured fibers (IGMF). And a periodic air-silica cladding exhibits a band gap for photons in the radial direction in photonic band gap fibers (PBGF). Diameter, spacing of the air-holes and geometric air-holes distribution determine the optical properties of the fiber, therefore allowing for tailoring of the fiber according to the intended application.
In this thesis, we numerically investigate the propagation modes and dispersion proper-ties of light in several types of PCFs such as regular index-guiding microstructured fibers, photonic band gap fibers and irregularly structured low- and high-birefringent PCFs. Effects of fiber birefringence, effective index of cladding and the number of guided modes are studied in designing two modes birefringent PCFs. Birefringence of the fiber is realized by adjusting the size and geometry of the air holes around the core regions. We present a design for a birefringent two modes IGMF which can be applied to interferometers and optical sensors.한국과학기술원 : 물리학과
펄스형 광펌핑을 이용한 루비듐 원자시계 개발 연구
No full text학위논문(박사) - 한국과학기술원 : 물리학과, 2010.08, [ ix, 61 p. ]The atomic clock using a vapor cell is appropriate for many applications because it has simple, compact, and stable characteristics. The atomic clock is realized by the use of the atomic transitions between the ground state hyperfine levels. The two approaches have been used to implement a vapor cell atomic clock. One is the microwave-optical double resonance (MODR) technique and the other is the coherent population trapping (CPT) technique. We propose a pulsed optically pumped Rb atomic clock using a laser absorption in MODR technique and a carrier mode suppression of a phase modulated beam using an optical cavity in CPT technique.
We report an optical detection approach instead of the detection of a microwave decay method in a Rb vapor cell atomic clock for its compact setup. We present the data processing method which transfors the optical transmission signal into the clock transition signal in the optical detection approach. We obtained the FWHM of the clock transition signal which is 293 Hz by this data processing method when the microwave interrogation time is 3 ms and microwave power is -4 dBm. The line broadening of the clock transition signal versus the microwave interrogation time for the respective microwave optimum power was measured. In order to estimate the tolerance of the temperature variation of the temperature stabilization servo, we measured the fractional frequency stability versus temperature variation which is 6.6\times10^{-10} / \degC. The measured frequency stability of our 2 \times10^{-11}\tau_{\frac{-1}{2}}$ and the short-term stability could be improved by employing the more stable laser system and the more precise data processing method. And to enhance the long-term stability, the temperature variations of the laser diode and the components of the electronic systems should be greatly reduced.
We adopted an electro-optic modulator (EOM) approach to produce a phas...한국과학기술원 : 물리학과
OFDM 시스템에서 극한 페이딩 채널 특성에 강인한 향상된 잡음 전력, 신호대 잡음비 추정 기법 연구
No full textThe purpose of this study is to estimate signal to noise power ratio (SNR) in a se-vere fading channels. Signal power and SNR estimation is hard to estimate in a severe fading channels because channel variation occurs more extremely. In this situation, noise power estimates are generally higher than the actual values because of channel estimation errors, channel variations, and multipath delays. Moreover, current communi-cation systems reduce pilot density to increase data rate. As a result, accurate SNR estimation is becoming more difficult. This paper analyses SNR estimation techniques and proposes improved signal and SNR estimation schemes in severe fading channels to reduce estimation error. We analyze representative SNR estimators. The proposed signal power and SNR estimators use a chan-nel estimation filter (CEF) and differential scheme. The simulation results show that the differential scheme SNR estimator provides better performance in severe fading channel. The proposed techniques can reduce error because they select a better condi-tion channel domain. The proposed SNR estimation technique uses OFDM characteristics in multi-dimensional domain. Channel status is different along the time and frequency domain. Choosing a better domain can reduce error in SNR estimation. The proposed SNR estimator uses SNR information of each domain to choose the proper domain. The simulation result shows that the proposed estimation technique can reduce estimation error up to 5dB in a frequency selective or fast fading channel.The study result can be applied to contemporary communication system channel esti-mation such as LTE and WiMax, which provide high data rates with low pilot density with high interference channel or fast fading channel. ⓒ 2013 DGISTⅠ. Introduction 1
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Ⅱ. System description 5
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2.1 OFDM system overview 5
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2.2 Channel model for OFDM systems 8
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2.3 SNR estimation in OFDM systems 11
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Ⅲ. Comparisons of SNR estimation algorithms
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3.1 Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation method in AWGN 12
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3.2 Minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation method in AWGN 13
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3.3 Conventional SNR estimator in fading channel 14
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Ⅳ. Proposed SNR estimation techniques 16
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4.1 Noise power estimator using channel estimation filter (CEF) 16
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4.2 Signal power estimator using CEF 17
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4.3 Signal power estimator using differential scheme 18
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4.4 Performance analysis 19
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Ⅴ. Proposed SNR estimation techniques in multi-dimension domain 26
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5.1 Noise power estimator using channel estimation filter (CEF) 26
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5.2 Performance analysis 27
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Ⅵ. Conclusion and future works 29본 논문은 OFDM 통신 시스템에서 극한 페이딩 채널 환경 하에서 보다 나은 잡음 전력과 신호대 잡음비 (SNR)을 추정하는 기법을 제안한다. 정확한 잡음 전력과 SNR값 추정은 통신 시스템 파라메터 설정과 파일럿 선택에 있어서 중요한 파라메터이다. 하지만 극한 페이딩 채널에서는 채널의 변화, 다중 전파 경로 지연, 채널 추정 오차가 극심하므로 정확한 잡음 전력과 SNR 추정이 힘들다.
이를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 채널 추정 필터를 이용한 잡음 전력 추정기와 채널 추정 필터, 파일럿 사이의 상관 함수 (correlation)를 이용한 신호 전력 추정기를 이용한 SNR 추정기를 제안한다. 기존의 SNR 추정기의 경우에는 신호 혹은 잡음 전력 추정기 하나만을 사용하고, 페이딩 환경에 대한 고려가 적어 오차가 많았다. 본 논문에서는 신호 전력과 잡음 전력을 따로 추정하여 추정 오차의 전파를 막아 보다 정밀한 측정이 가능하였다. 또한 상관함수를 사용한 추정기가 기존의 SNR 추정기보다 5dB 오차를 줄일 수 있었으며, 신호 추정에 따른 잡음 전력 오차를 고려한 추정기를 이용했을 때 3dB정도의 오차를 줄일 수 있음을 시변 채널 환경과 주파수 선택적 페이딩 환경에서의 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 알 수 있었다.
또한 OFDM 시스템의 다중 캐리어 특성을 이용하여, 다중 도메인에서의 SNR값을 추정하고, 이를 비교하여, 적합한 도메인 선택을 통한 오차 감소 기법을 제시하였다. 채널의 변화는 채널 추정 필터나 잡음 전력 추정의 증가를 가져와 실제 SNR값보다 낮은 SNR추정치를 만들어 낸다. 이러한 특성을 이용하여 신호, 주파수와 같은 다중 도메인에서 높은 SNR값을 가지는 도메인을 선택하여 추정함으로써 SNR 추정 오차를 줄일 수 있었다.
본 논문의 결과는 현재 광범위하게 사용되는LTE, WiMax등 OFDM 통신시스템에서 적용하여 적합한 SNR 추정을 통한 효율적인 통신 방식에 이용할 수 있다. ⓒ 2013 DGISTMasterdCollectio
Which is the Best Method to Determine the Patellar Height in Children and Adolescents?
No full textPatellar height is associated with various clinical syndromes. We asked which of three methods was the most appropriate for measuring patellar height for different age groups in terms of applicability, validity, and reliability. We evaluated 108 children and adolescents with available MR images and lateral knee radiographs using Insall-Salvati (IS), Blackburne-Peel, and Koshino-Sugimoto (KS) methods. Subjects were divided equally into three age groups (A, 5-10.9 years; B, 11-12.9 years; C, 13-18 years). The applicabilities of the three methods were evaluated using bony landmarks identified on lateral radiographs. For validation testing, standardized patellar tendon lengths determined by MRI were used as reference standards, and concurrent validity was analyzed by performing correlation tests. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability were determined using intraclass correlation coefficients. Of the three methods used to measure patellar height in this study, the IS appeared to be the most reliable and valid in patients older than 13 years with nearly complete ossification. Before this stage of ossification had been achieved, the KS was the only applicable and most reliable but less valid method in younger children. Level of Evidence: Level I, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.Y
Acetabular remodeling and role of osteotomy after closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip
No full textBackground: The purposes of this study were to evaluate acetabular remodeling after closed reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and to delineate the role of osteotomy. Methods: Eighty-four hips with DDH treated with closed reduction and followed until the patient was 8 years of age or older were included in this study. The mean age at closed reduction was 14.0 months (range, 3 to 30 months) and that at the latest follow-up visit was 12.7 years (range, 8.0 to 24.7 years). Osteotomy was performed in 26 hips (31%) during the follow-up period, at an average age of 2.8 years (range, 2.0 to 5.8 years). The acetabular index (AI) and center-edge angle (CEA) were measured, and osteonecrosis was graded. The treatment outcome was evaluated as satisfactory (Severin grade I or II) or unsatisfactory (III or IV). We retrospectively analyzed the associations among radiographic parameters, performance of osteotomy, grade of osteonecrosis, and final outcome. Results: A satisfactory outcome was observed in 67 (80%) of the 84 hips. An osteotomy was not performed in 30 of 34 hips with an AI of <32 degrees and a CEA of >14 degrees at the age of 3 years, and 28 (93%) of these 30 hips showed a satisfactory outcome. Of the 33 hips with an AI of >= 32 degrees and a CEA of <= 14 degrees at the age of 3 years, the 20 that had undergone an osteotomy showed a higher proportion of satisfactory outcomes than the 13 hips that had not (p = 0.01). Three of the 4 hips that showed an unsatisfactory outcome following an osteotomy had an AI of >= 34 degrees at 1 year post-osteotomy. Grade-II, III, or IV osteonecrosis, according to the Bucholz-Ogden classification, developed in 10 of the 84 hips, and these 10 hips had a higher proportion of unsatisfactory outcomes than did those that developed no or grade-I osteonecrosis (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Hips with DDH showing poor acetabular remodeling after closed reduction may benefit from osteotomy. The AI and CEA at the age of 3 years can serve as one of the guidelines for osteotomy. Continued surveillance for acetabular remodeling is required even after osteotomy.N
Validity and Reliability of Measuring Femoral Anteversion and Neck-Shaft Angle in Patients with Cerebral Palsy
No full textBackground: Increased femoral anteversion and coxa valga are common in patients with cerebral palsy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the validity and reliability of the methods that are commonly used to measure the proximal femoral geometry in patients with cerebral palsy. Methods: Thirty-six consecutive patients (mean age, eleven years; range, five to twenty years) with cerebral palsy were enrolled in the present study. The validity and the interobserver reliability of the physical examinations performed by three examiners were determined by comparing the results of a trochanteric prominence angle test, hip internal rotation measurements, and hip external rotation measurements (all with the patient in the prone position) with the amount of femoral anteversion on two-dimensional computed tomography. Validity and intraobserver and interobserver reliability were assessed by comparing the neck-shaft angle on the anteroposterior internal rotation radiograph of the hips with that on the multiplanar reformatted computed tomographic image. Results: The trochanteric prominence angle test showed excellent concurrent validity (R = 0.862, p < 0.001) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.809). Hip internal rotation also showed good concurrent validity (R = 0.787, p < 0.001) and excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.889), whereas hip external rotation appeared to be unsuitable for predicting femoral anteversion. The neck-shaft angle on the anteroposterior internal rotation radiograph of the hips showed excellent concurrent validity (R = 0.892, p < 0.001) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.912). Conclusions: A physical examination for determining femoral anteversion and the neck-shaft angle as measured on the internal rotation radiograph of the hips appear to be clinically relevant methods for evaluating the proximal femoral geometry and version in patients with cerebral palsy. Computed tomographic examination can probably be replaced by physical examination and an anteroposterior internal rotation radiograph of the hips for patients with stable hips who are able to walk.N
Locking plate placement with unicortical screw fixation adjunctive to intramedullary rodding in long bones of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta
No full textBackground: Intramedullary rodding has been the mainstay of long-bone stabilization in osteogenesis imperfecta. However, in some cases, intramedullary rodding cannot provide adequate fixation because of a lack of rotational control and thin diameter of long bones. We have applied adjunctive unicortical locking plate fixation in selected cases of osteogenesis imperfecta to address these biomechanical issues. Methods: Thirty-seven bone segments of twenty-four patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (ten type III, nine type IV, three type I, and two type V), in which unicortical locking plate fixation was applied adjunctive to intramedullary rodding and was later removed after union had been achieved, were the study subjects. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 15.5 years (range, 6.2 to 39.8 years). Medical records and follow-up radiographs were reviewed to evaluate healing, complications, and the fates of screw holes after plate removal. Results: All fractures or osteotomies healed completely. Locking plates were removed postoperatively at a mean time (and standard deviation) of 1.8 +/- 0.9 years (range, 0.3 to 3.8 years). In seven of the thirty-seven cases, fractures through the screw hole occurred; all of these were treated conservatively. In eighteen of nineteen cases that were followed for more than a year after plate removal without screw hole-related complication, screw holes healed and were no longer visualized by radiography. Conclusions: Unicortical locking plate fixation effectively supplements intramedullary rod fixation in selected cases of osteogenesis imperfecta.N
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis caused by neurogenic heterotopic ossification
No full textSlipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is rare in nonambulatory patients, as mechanical factors play important roles in the development of the disease. We report a case of SCFE, which occurred in a 12-year-old girl with a nonambulatory status after cerebral infarction. SCFE occurred after she received passive range of motion exercise and extracorporeal shock wave treatment for neurogenic heterotopic ossification around the hip joint. The patient was successfully managed by a stepwise approach, with radiological and clinical improvements.N
Proximal migration of femoral telescopic rod in children with osteogenesis imperfecta
No full textBackground: Intramedullary telescopic rod fixation has been used for stabilization of the long bones in growing children who have osteogenesis imperfecta. Proximal migration of the rod is the most common complication of telescopic rodding in the femur. The purposes of this study were to evaluate incidence and temporal pattern of proximal migration of the femoral rod, and to investigate factors related to it. Methods: A total of 50 patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, who had femur stabilized by telescopic rod with T-piece, were the subjects of this study. In patients having both the femora stabilized, only 1 femur was randomly selected for analysis. Hence, in 50 femora, migration-free survivorship was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and association with possible risk factors was analyzed by Cox regression analysis using the proportional hazards model. Factors investigated in the analysis include age at the time of surgery, sex, purpose of the index surgery, residual or developing angular deformity of the femur, rod position at the distal physis, persistent cortical gap at fracture/osteotomy site, Sillence classification, and type of telescopic rod. Results: Proximal migration was observed in 7 of 50 femora. Cumulative survival without proximal migration was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.01) in 1 year, and 0.85 (95% CI, 0.75-0.95) in 6 years. Factors significantly associated with proximal rod migration in Kaplan-Meier survivorship analysis and univariate Cox regression analysis were angular deformity, eccentric rod position at the distal physis, and persistent cortical gap. When these factors were analyzed by multivariate analysis, eccentric rod position at the distal physis was the only significant factor with a hazard ratio of 11.74. Conclusions: The risk of proximal rod migration can be reduced by complete correction of angular deformity and optimal placement of the rod at the distal physis. Our data also suggest that developing angular deformity or persistent osteotomy/fracture gap requires special attention at the possibility of proximal rod migration during follow-up.N
A Study on Desires represented in Choi, In-ho&apos;s serial novels
No full text본 논문은 70년대에 선풍적 인기를 끌었던 최인호 신문소설에 나타난 인물의 욕망을 분석하고 단편소설과 다른 그의 소설적 가치를 밝혀보고자 하였다. 본고가 굳이 70년대에 연재된 최인호의 신문소설을 선택한 것은 70년대의 특수한 정치, 경제 상황과도 관련이 있는데 가부장제와 산업화가 결탁된 폭압적 정치 아래서 소설 속에 등장한 인물들의 욕망이 어떻게 형성되는지 살펴보고 싶었기 때문이다.
대중소설이 본격적으로 상업성을 띠게 된 70년대 이후부터 대중소설에 대한 평론이나 논문이 많이 나오고 있지만 주로 부정적 시각에 의한 것이 대부분이었고 본격적인 텍스트의 정치한 분석과 함께 긍정적인 가치평가가 이루어진 것은 90년대 이후이다. 최근 대중소설과 관련한 여러 학술성과로 대중 소설의 위상은 이전과 많이 달라졌지만 아직까지 대중소설에 대한 명확한 개념규정이 이루어지고 있지 않고 대중 소설의 연구방법이나 연구대상도 한정되어 있다는 한계가 있다. 하지만 신문소설에 나타난 ‘몸’의 문제나 여성 문제는 연구가 꽤 이루어졌기에 본고는 선행연구를 바탕으로 70년대 대중 소설 연구의 핵심에 서 있는 작가인 최인호의 신문연재소설 『별들의 고향』『내 마음의 풍차』『도시의 사냥꾼』『불새』를 욕망의 문제와 관련하여 심층적으로 분석해보고자 하였다. 본고의 연구목적은 산업화된 사회와 관련하여 그 안에서 형성된 욕망의 실체를 분석하고 더불어 최인호 신문소설의 가치를 밝히기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 채택한 연구방법으로는 H. 마르쿠제의 사회이론과 M. 푸코의 권력적 시선의 문제, 그리고 인간관계에 따른 욕망의 형성과정을 분석하기 위한 R. 지라르의 ‘욕망의 삼각형’의 개념이다. 마르쿠제는 과잉억압과 수행원칙-프로이트의 개념과는 다른-이라는 개념을 제시하면서 자본주의 사회는 인간을 해방시킨 듯 보이지만 이는 인간이 스스로를 통제함으로써 가능해졌다고 했다. 스스로를 통제한다는 것은 지배권력, 혹은 사회적 시선을 내면화한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 개인은 사회에 의해 형성되는 존재로 개인은 스스로가 사회를 형성할 수 있다고 생각하지만 사실은 사회 질서에 지배받는다는 것이다.
인간관계와 관련하여 욕망이 어떻게 형성되었는지 살펴보면 욕망은 주체와 매개체, 그리고 대상으로 이루어진 삼각형의 형태를 띠고 있다. 세르반테스의 『돈키호테』나 플로베르의 『보봐리 부인』스탕달의 『적과 흑』등의 작품에 등장한 인물을 통해 알 수 있듯, 주체는 매개체로부터 자극받아 대상을 욕망한다. 욕망은 주변과는 관계없이 스스로 형성되는 듯 보이지만 실은 매개체로부터 영감을 받아 대상을 욕망하게 된 것이다.
논의된 바를 장 별로 정리하자면 Ⅱ장에서는 인물의 관계에 따라 삼각형의 형태를 띠는 욕망의 구조를 살펴보았다. 외재적 관계에 의한 욕망과 내재적 관계에 의한 욕망을 분석하면서 본고가 확인한 바로는 여성 인물들은 남성 인물들을 만난 이후에 질서에 편입하고자 하는 욕망을 가지며 남성 인물들은 비록 물리적으로 가까이 있지는 않지만 아버지의 존재를 통해 권력이 되고자 하는 욕망을 가진다는 것이다. 특히 『도시의 사냥꾼』의 경우 현국의 무의식에 영향을 미치는 아버지는 물리적으로 실재하지 않지만 현국이 끊임없이 자신을 통제하는 결정적 원인이 된다. 조선왕조의 마지막 왕자였던 아버지의 존재로 인해 완벽하게 산업사회에 편입되지도 못하고 완벽하게 전통적인 사람이 되지도 못한 현국이지만 늘 자신은 조선의 왕의 혈통을 타고 났다는 것은 강박적으로 잊지 못한다. 내재적 관계는 경쟁과 질투에 따라 매개체를 배척하고 자신이 대상을 획득하고자 욕망하는 관계이다. 경쟁이 심화되면 주체와 매개체 사이에는 폭력이 발생하는데 이 폭력으로 인해 희생자가 생기면 폭력은 종식되고 이는 소설 속에서도 잘 드러나 있다.
Ⅲ장에서는 Ⅱ장에서 분석한 인물들간의 관계를 기준으로 공간성에 따른 욕망의 발현과 규제를 중심으로 살펴보았다. 최인호 신문소설에 나타난 공간은 비교적 명확한 성격을 띠고 있다. 본고는 유사가족 공간의 집/가부장제 공간의 집, 고립의 공간/시선의 공간을 대조하며 공간성에 따라 욕망이 어떻게 은폐되고 발현되는지 살펴보았다. 인물들의 욕망이 발현되는 공간은 고립된 공간, 유사가족의 공간이며 규제되는 공간은 시선이 지배하는 공간, 가부장제 공간인 집이었다. 남성 인물들은 사회적 공간에서는 산업사회의 노동자로서 기능하였지만 환락의 공간인 밤의 도시에서나 밀폐된 여관, 그리고 가부장제 질서가 적용되지 않는 집에서는 적극적으로 권력이 되고자 하는 자신의 욕망을 분출했다. 여성 인물들의 경우 이러한 공간을 이용해 남성의 그늘로 들어가려 했지만 결국 좌절당한다.
Ⅳ장에서는 앞에서 분석한 내용을 토대로 억압적 사회질서와 그에 따른 주체성의 문제, 그리고 욕망이 어떻게 형성되는지 분석했고 최인호 신문소설의 가치를 밝히고자 했다. 주체의 문제와 관련하여 살펴본 결과 산업사회에서 주체란 존재하지 않는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 흔히 남성주체와 여성타자의 이분화된 관계로 여성과 남성을 나누지만 엄밀히 이야기하면 남성도 주체는 아니라는 것이다. 물론 여성은 타자화된 남성에 의해 이중타자로서 존재한다. 네 소설들의 작가가 남성인 최인호이기 때문에 여성은 남성의 기준으로 재단된 존재이고 이 작품을 읽는 여성독자의 시선 역시 남성화되어 남성적 입장에서 공감하게 된다. 소설 속에 나타난 남성 인물들의 욕망은 사회 질서를 모방하여 형성된 것이다. 사실 소설 속에 등장한 남성 인물들은 사회 질서를 보았을 때 타자적 존재이다. 사회에 적응을 하지 못해 은둔하거나 사생아, 혹은 출생의 진실을 알지 못하기 때문에 배제되기 때문이다. 그래서 이들은 스스로가 질서가 되어 타인들을 지배하려 하지만 시간이 지날수록 이들은 사회 질서에 편입하게 되고 이 과정에서 남성들을 발판삼아 가부장제 사회로 진입하려던 여성 인물들의 욕망은 실패로 끝난다.
본고의 연구목적은 신문소설을 텍스트 내적으로 심층 연구를 함으로써 단편소설과는 다른 최인호 신문소설의 문학적 가치를 밝혀내고자 한데에 있다. 신문소설을 포함한 대중소설중에는 앞으로 다양한 방법으로 연구될 수 있는 텍스트가 무궁무진하게 많다. 따라서 본고의 연구 성과가 미흡하다 할지라도 앞으로의 연구에 조금이나마 도움이 되길 바란다. 아울러 그간 많이 연구된 최인호의 『별들의 고향』김주영의『목마위의 숙녀』조해일의『겨울여자』조선작의 『영자의 전성시대』같은 대중작품들의 범위를 넘어 최인호의 70년대 신문 연재 작품 모두를 연구했고 이를 통해 그의 신문소설의 가치를 밝히려 했다는 점에서 본 연구에 의의를 들 수 있겠다.;This thesis is aimed at analysing the characters&apos; desires in Choi, In Ho&apos;s novels published serially in a daily newspaper in 1970s and identifying the value of the novels. The reason that the thesis is especially focused on Choi&apos;s novels in 1970s is to find out how the desires of the characters are described in such a repressing political atmosphere along with patriarchy and industrialization.
Popular novel was commercialized in earnest after 1970s and since then there came a lot of literary criticisms and dissertations. Most of them, however, were from negative view points and it was after 1990s in which texts were accurately analysed and affirmatively evaluated. The public understanding of popular novel became much favorable thanks to numerous academic achievements though there are no clear definitions made for popular novels and the methods and the subjects of study are limited. As there have been studies on issues like &quot;body&quot; and &quot;woman&quot;, this thesis will analyse characters&apos; desires represented in 『Home of the Stars』,『The Windmill of My Mind』,『The Hunter of City』and『The Fire Bird』in depth. The thesis is written to analyse the essence of people&apos;s desires in industrialized society and to identify the value of author, Choi, In Ho&apos;s novels. To conduct the research, &quot;Social Theory&quot; of Herbert Marcuse, &quot;The Eye of Power&quot; by M. Foucault and ‘Triangle of the Desire’ by R. Girard were adopted. While presenting &quot;Surplus-repression&quot; and &quot;Performance principle&quot;, Marcuse said even though capitalism seems to have liberalized human being, it was human being who made it possible by controling themselves. To control oneself means to internalize the ruling power or social eyes. Individuals are created by society and tend to believe they can establish a society. In fact, however, it is public order that controls them.
When looking at a desire in human relationships, desire forms a triangle with subject, intermediary and object. As it is well described through the characters in 『Don Quixote』by Miguel de Cervantes, 『Madam Bovary』by Gustave Flaubert and 『Red and Black』 by Stendhal, the subject desires the object after being stimulated by an intermediary. That is, the subject desires the object when inspired by an intermediary even though it seems to arise itself without any external influences, To sum up the thesis, in chapter II, the structure of desire was identified in a triangle according to relationships between characters. While analysing desires aroused in external and internal relationships, the thesis found out female characters tend to desire to be admitted to public order and male characters desire to seize power through their father who is not physically near them. In &quot;The hunter of city&quot;, in particular, Hyun Kook constantly controls himself through his father who is not with him but affecting his unconsciousness. Due to his father, the last prince of Chosun Dynasty, Hyun Kook could not make himself to belong to industrialized society nor completely remain in the traditional society. At the same time, he also could not forget the fact that he inherits royal blood of Chosun Dynasty. Internal relationship is to exclude an intermediary out of competitive spirit and jealousy and to desire to obtain the objective. When the competition gets serious, violence occurs between the subject and the intermediary. If the violence further brings about any victims, violence finally ends and it is well presented in the novel.
In chapter III, the thesis focused on how desires are expressed and restrained in terms of extensity based on the analysed relationships between characters in chapter II. The character of space is quite clear in Choi, In Ho&apos;s novels. The chapter mainly focused on how desire is hidden and revealed according to different spaces comparing home as a space of pseudo-family and patriarchy and a space of isolation and eyes. In isolated space and pseudo family space, characters&apos; desires were revealed and in space of eye and patriarchy, they were restrained. In case of male characters, they served as a laborer of industrialized society in social space while they revealed the desire to seize the power in city at night time, confined motel rooms, home in which the patriarchal system does not apply. In case of female characters, however, they try to go under the protection of male characters but they are rejected in such spaces.
Chapter IV concentrated on analysing oppressive public order, the issue of subjecthood and how desire has grown and identifying the value of his novels. In subjecthood issue, it was turned out that the subject doesn&apos;t exist in an industrialized society. Often than not, women and men are divided: men are the subject and women are on the sideline. In fact, however, men are not subject either. As men became strangers, women remain double others. Since the author of the four novels is a man, women in the stories are created based on men&apos;s view and readers also understand the characters from men&apos;s view point. The desire of male characters in the stories implies the public order. The male characters are others in terms of public order: they fail to adapt themselves to society and become hermits or they are of illegitimate birth or they don&apos;t know the truth of their birth. Men in Choi&apos;s novels try to rule others by making themselves an order, but they become incorporated into the public order as time passes. Therefore women fail to realize the desire of entering patriarchal society under the protection of men.
The thesis is aimed at discovering a new value of Choi, In Ho&apos;s novels published on a daily newspaper by studying them in depth which is different from his short stories. Among popular novels including serial novels, there are numerous stories to research in various ways. Some may find the thesis insufficient in studying Choi, In Ho&apos;s novels but it will be enough for me if the paper could be of help for future research. What makes the thesis significant is that it covered all of his serial novels in 1970s rather than frequently studied popular stories such as『Home of the Stars』by Choi, In Ho,『A Lady on a Wooden Horse』by Kim, Ju Young,『Winter Woman』by Cho, Hae Il and 『Young Ja in her Prime』by Cho, Sun Jak and tried to identify the value of Choi, In Ho&apos;s serial novels.논 문 개 요 ⅲ
Ⅰ. 서 론 = 1
A. 연구사 검토 및 문제제기 = 1
B. 연구목적 및 연구 방법 = 8
Ⅱ. 인물의 관계구조와 욕망의 ‘간접화’ = 22
A. 선망에 따른 인물의 ‘외재적’ 욕망 = 23
1. ‘남성 선망’과 가부장제로의 편입 = 23
2. ‘아버지 선망’과 권위획득 = 28
B. 경쟁에 따른 인물의 ‘내재적’ 욕망 = 32
1. 질투에 따른 ‘여성’ 배제와 남성 수호 = 32
2. 장애물로서의 ‘남성’ 배제와 지위 보존 = 37
Ⅲ. 공간성에 따라 이동하는 욕망의 양상 = 40
A. 사적 공간과 욕망의 발현 = 42
1. 통과의례로서의 ‘고립’과 초자아의 발견 = 42
2. 유사가족의 집과 확장되는 욕망 = 48
B. 공적 공간과 욕망의 규제 = 52
1. ‘시선’의 공간과 억압의 내면화 = 53
2. 가부장제의 집과 통제되는 욕망 = 55
Ⅳ. 억압적 사회 질서와 욕망의 ‘식민화’ = 59
A. 여성을 향한 억압적 시선과 욕망 = 61
1. ‘훔쳐보기’를 통한 몸의 사물화 = 62
2. ‘유혹’과 ‘구원’으로의 이분화 = 71
B. 사회의 억압과 모방적 폭력 = 78
1. 권력 부여를 위한 언어폭력과 물리적 폭력 = 80
2. 남성성의 과시를 위한 성(性)적 폭력 = 85
C. 강요된 ‘권선징악’으로의 결말 = 93
1. 지배질서를 거부한 여성 단죄와 기독교 윤리 강화 = 93
2. 남성의 성장과 질서로의 회귀 = 100
Ⅵ. 결 론 = 106
참 고 문 헌 = 111
Abstract = 11
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