137,672 research outputs found
CHO microRNA engineering is growing up : recent successes and future challenges
No full textmicroRNAs with their ability to regulate complex pathways that control cellular behavior and phenotype have been proposed as potential targets for cell engineering in the context of optimization of biopharmaceutical production cell lines, specifically of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. However, until recently, research was limited by a lack of genomic sequence information on this industrially important cell line. With the publication of the genomic sequence and other relevant data sets for CHO cells since 2011, the doors have been opened for an improved understanding of CHO cell physiology and for the development of the necessary tools for novel engineering strategies. In the present review we discuss both knowledge on the regulatory mechanisms of microRNAs obtained from other biological models and proof of concepts already performed on CHO cells, thus providing an outlook of potential applications of microRNA engineering in production cell lines
Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) mausonensis Cho & Borowiec 2016
No full textGonioctena (Asiphytodecta) mausonensis Cho & Borowiec, 2016 (Figs 4, 9, 25–26, 29) Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) flavoplagiata (partim): YANG et al. (2014): 384 (taxonomy, misidentification); YANG et al. (2015): 54 (catalogue, misidentification). Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) mausonensis Cho & Borowiec, 2016: 169 (original description). Type locality. Vietnam, Lang Son Province, Loc Binh, Mt. Mau Son. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, ‘ Tonkin, Montes Mauson,April, Mai 2-3000’, H. Fruhstorfer // 24 // Jacoby Coll.1909-28a. // flavoplagiata Jac. // HOLOTYPUS Gonioctena (Asiphy.) mausonensis sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (BMNH). PARATYPE: 1 ♂, ‘ Tonkin, Montes Mauson,April, Mai 2-3000′, H. Fruhstorfer // PARATYPUS Gonioctena (Asiphy.) mausonensis sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM). Description. See CHO & BOROWIEC (2016). Differential diagnosis. Gonioctena (A.) mausonensis can be easily distinguished from G. (A.) eburoides, G. (A.) flavoplagiata, G. (A.) jindrai sp. nov. and G. (A.) truncaticornis sp. nov. by its reddish-brown venter and subdiamond-shaped apical process of aedeagus (Fig. 26). Distribution. Vietnam: Lang Son (Fig. 29). Remarks. The male genitalia of Gonioctena (A.) flavoplagiata illustrated by YANG et al. (2014) without any doubts refer to G. (A.) mausonensis. The correct drawings of male genitalia of G. (A.) flavoplagiata were provided by CHO & BOROWIEC (2016).Published as part of Cho, Hee-Wook & Borowiec, Lech, 2016, Revision of theGonioctena flavoplagiata species-group (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), with descriptions of two new species from China and Laos, pp. 755-768 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 56 (2) on page 763, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.531035
Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) mauroi Cho & Borowiec 2016
No full textGonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) mauroi Cho & Borowiec, 2016 (Figs 11, 13) Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) mauroi Cho & Borowiec, 2016a: 176 (original description). Type locality. ‘ Vietnam, Lang Son Province, Loc Binh, Mt. Mau Son’. Type material examined. HOLOTYPE: ♂, ‘Tonkin, Montes Mauson, April, Mai 2-3000’, H. Fruhstorfer // HOLOTYPUS Gonioctena (Brachy.) mauroi sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2015’ (LMCM). Description. See CHO & BOROWIEC (2016a). Differential diagnosis. Gonioctena (B.) mauroi is very similar to G. (B.) longshengensis sp. nov. and G. (B.) medvedevi in body shape, coloration and setose aedeagus. From these two species, G. (B.) mauroi can be distinguished only by aedeagus subparallel-sided with apical process widest in middle and slightly narrower than median lobe (subparallel-sided with apical process broad, widest in apical 1/3 and subequal to median lobe in width in G. (B.) longshengensis sp. nov. and moderately narrowed with apical process moderately widened to lateral tooth-like projections near apex in G. (B.) medvedevi). Gonioctena (B.) kuatunensis sp. nov. differs in semicircular apex of aedeagus (triangular or subtriangular in other species). Distribution. Vietnam: Lang Son Province (Fig. 13).Published as part of Cho, Hee-Wook, 2017, Two new species of the Gonioctena mauroi species-group from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), pp. 173-181 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1) on page 180, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0066, http://zenodo.org/record/531615
The Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Lcy-2-Cho, a Carbazole Analogue, in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
No full textLCY-2-CHO has anti-infl amm atory actions on macrophages. To understand its therapeutic implication in atherosclerosis, we examined its effects on the expressions of antiinflammatory and inflammatory proteins in cultured rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). LCY-2-CHO is able to induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression through a transcriptional action. The HO-1 inducting effect of LCY-2-CHO was inhibited by SB203580, N (G)-nitro-L- arginine methylester (L-NAME), and wortmannin, but was not affected by U0126 or SP600125. In accordance LCY-2 -CHO increased protein phosphorylation of p38, Akt, and eNOS. Nrf 2 is a transcription factor essential for HO-1 gene induction and we showed that LCY-2-CHO is able to cause Nrf2 nuclear translocation and this action depends on p38, Akt and eNOS. in addition to induce anti-inflammatory HO-1 , LCY- 2-CHO reduced interleukin-lp (IL-1 beta)-induced inflammatory mediators, inducible nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX- 2), growth-related oncogene protein-alpha (GRO-alpha), and interleukin-8 ( IL-8). Inhibitory effect on IL-lp-mediated NF-KB activation was evidenced by the diminishment of I kappa B kinase (IKK) phosphorylation and I kappa B alpha degradation. In contrast , IL-1 beta-mediated ERK and JNK activations were not changed by LCY-2-CHO, while p38 activation by IL-1 beta and LCY-2-CHO displayed the nonadditivity. Taken together, given the overall anti-inflammatory properties of LCY-2-CHO in VSMC, in terms to induce HO-1 gene expression and inhibit inflammatory gene expression, these results highlight the therapeutic potential of LCY-2-CHO in atherosclerosis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
Coordinate expression of the α and β subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins involves regulation of protein degradation in CHO cells
No full textAbstractIndividual cell types express a characteristic balance between heterotrimeric G protein α and βγ subunits, but little is known about the regulatory mechanism. We systemically examined the regulatory mechanism in CHO cells. We found that expression of Gαs, Gαi2, and Gαq proteins increased in direct proportion to the increase of Gβ1γ2 overexpressed transiently. Expression of Gβ protein also increased following overexpression of Gαs, Gαi2, and Gαq. The Gβγ overexpression stimulated degradation of Gβ in contrast to reduction of Gαs degradation. We conclude that coordinate expression of the G protein subunits involves regulation of protein degradation via proteasome in CHO cells
Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) sapaensis Cho & Borowiec
No full textGonioctena (Asiphytodecta) sapaensis Cho & Borowiec nom. nov. (Figs 9 –10, 36– 37) = Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) unicolor Medvedev, 1987: 77 (nec Phytodecta quinquepunctata var. unicolor Weise, 1884: 508). Etymology. Named after the type locality, Sa Pa in Vietnam. Note. Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) unicolor Medvedev, 1987 is preoccupied by Phytodecta quinquepunctata var. unicolor Weise, 1884 in synonymy with Gonioctena (Goniomena) quinquepunctata (Fabricius, 1787). Gonioctena (Asiphytodecta) sapaensis nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for G. (A.) unicolor Medvedev, 1987.Published as part of Cho, Hee-Wook & Borowiec, Lech, 2016, On the genus Gonioctena Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), with descriptions of seven new species from the Oriental region and Palaearctic China, pp. 168-184 in Zootaxa 4067 (2) on page 182, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4067.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26237
Gonioctena (Brachyphytodecta) medvedevi Cho & Borowiec 2016
No full text<i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>medvedevi</i> Cho & Borowiec, 2016 <p>(Figs 12–13)</p> <p> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> (partim): YANG et al. (2014): 374 (taxonomy, misidentification).</p> <p> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachyphytodecta</i>) <i>medvedevi</i> Cho & Borowiec, 2016a: 177 (original description).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vietnam, Vinh Phuc Province, Tam Dao.</p> <p> <b>Type material examined.</b> HOLOTYPE: ♂, ‘ Vietnam, Prov.Vinh-phu (divided into Vinh Phuc and Phu Tho), Tam-dao, L. Medvedev @ Dang Dap // on <i>Ormosia</i> (Fab.) // HOLOTYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM). PARATYPES: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, same data as holotype plus ‘PARATYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM); 1 ♂, same data as preceding paratype (TLMF); 1 ♂, ‘ Vietnam, TamDao, 900 m, 4.VI.1987, L. Medvedev et al. // PARATYPUS <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>Brachy</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> sp. n. Cho & Borowiec 2014’ (LMCM).</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> See CHO & BOROWIEC (2016a).</p> <p> <b>Differential diagnosis.</b> <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> is very similar to <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>longshengensis</i> sp. nov. and <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>mauroi</i> in body shape, coloration and setose aedeagus. From these two species, <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>medvedevi</i> can be distinguished only by aedeagus moderately narrowed with apical process moderately widened to lateral tooth-like projections near apex (subparallelsided with apical process broad, widest in apical 1/3 and subequal to median lobe in width in <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>longshengensis</i> sp. nov. and subparallel-sided with apical process widest in middle and slightly narrower than median lobe in <i>G</i>. (<i>B</i>.) <i>mauroi</i>). <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B</i>.) <i>kuatunensis</i> sp. nov. differs in semicircular apex of aedeagus (triangular or subtriangular in other species).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Vietnam: Vinh Phuc Province (Fig. 13).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The male genitalia of <i>Gonioctena</i> (<i>B.</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> (Jacoby, 1888) illustrated by YANG et al. (2014) without any doubts refer to <i>G</i>. (<i>B.</i>) <i>medvedevi</i>. The correct drawings of male genitalia of <i>G</i>. (<i>B.</i>) <i>flavipennis</i> were provided by CHO & BOROWIEC (2016a).</p>Published as part of <i>Cho, Hee-Wook, 2017, Two new species of the Gonioctena mauroi species-group from China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Chrysomelinae), pp. 173-181 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 57 (1)</i> on pages 180-181, DOI: 10.1515/aemnp-2017-0066, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5316150">http://zenodo.org/record/5316150</a>
8-Chloro-cAMP inhibits transforming growth factor alpha transformation of mammary epithelial cells by restoration of the normal mRNA patterns for cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit isoforms which show disruption upon transformation
No full textDifferential regulation of the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase isozymes correlates with the growth inhibitory effect of site-selective 8-Cl-cAMP demonstrated in cancer cell lines (Ally, S., Tortora, G., Clair, T., Grieco, D., Merlo, G., Katsaros, D., Ogreid, D., Døskeland, S.O., Jahnsen, T., and Cho-Chung, Y.S. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 85, 6319-6322). Such selective modulation of protein kinase isozyme regulatory subunits was also found in the 8-Cl-cAMP-induced inhibition of both transformation and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha) production in Ki-ras-transformed rat kidney fibroblasts (Tortora, G., Ciardiello, F., Ally, S., Clair, T., Salomon, D. S., and Cho-Chung, Y. S. (1989) FEBS Lett. 242, 363-367). In this work, we have demonstrated that 8-Cl-cAMP antagonizes the TGF alpha effect in TGF alpha-transformed mouse mammary epithelial cells (NOG-8TFC17) at the level of gene expression for cAMP receptor protein isoforms, RI and RII (the regulatory subunits of protein kinase isozymes). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that in the transformed NOG-8TFC17 cells, compared with the nontransformed counterpart NOG-8 cells, the mRNA levels for the RI alpha cAMP receptor protein markedly increased, whereas the mRNA levels for the RII alpha and RII beta cAMP receptor proteins decreased. 8-Cl-cAMP, which induced growth inhibition and phenotypic reversion in NOG-8TFC17 cells, caused an inverse change in the mRNA patterns of the cAMP receptor proteins; RI alpha cAMP receptor mRNA sharply decreased to levels comparable with that of the nontransformed NOG-8 cells, whereas RII beta mRNA increased to a level even greater than that in the NOG-8 cells. In addition, one mRNA species of RII alpha increased, whereas the other RII alpha mRNA species decreased during the treatment. The mRNA level for the catalytic subunit of protein kinase, however, did not change during 8-Cl-cAMP treatment. In addition, 8-Cl-cAMP brought about a reduction in both TGF alpha mRNA and protein levels. These coordinated changes in the expression of the cAMP receptor proteins and TGF alpha were not observed during cis-hydroxyprolineor TGF beta-induced growth inhibition of the NOG-8TFC17 cells. Thus, the antagonistic effect of 8-Cl-cAMP toward TGF alpha-induced transformation involves modulation of the expression of a specific set of cellular genes
Algebraic realization problems for low dimensional G manifolds
No full textIn this paper we prove that every real G vector bundles over G circles or on effective G surfaces can be realized by strongly algebraic G vector bundles for finite Abelian groups G. Using this result we prove that every closed orientable smooth three dimensional G manifold is G diffeomorphic to a nonsingular real algebraic G variety for any finite Abelian group G. We also prove that for any finite group G the algebraic realization of smooth G vector bundles over effective G surfaces can be reduced to the algebraic realization of smooth G vector bundles over G circles. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V
Differential effects of protein kinase A sub-units on Chinese-hamster-ovary cell cycle and proliferation
No full textIt has been shown that a marked increase in the levels of RI alpha sub-units and a decrease in RII beta sub-unit levels correlate with neoplastic transformation or with the mitogenic response of normal cells to hormones and growth factors. The selective down-regulation of RI alpha and the following induction of RII beta determine cell-growth arrest and differentiation of several cancer cells. To directly address the question whether the 2 protein-kinase-A(PKA) isoforms play different roles in the control of proliferation and cell-cycle distribution, we introduced and over-expressed the different PKA sub-units in Chinese-hamster-ovary (CHO) cells via retroviral-vector-mediated gene transfer. Whereas CHO cells treated with RI alpha anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides were growth arrested and accumulated in the G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle, infection of CHO cells with a retroviral vector in order to over-express RI alpha determined growth advantages in monolayer conditions and substantially increased their cloning efficiency in soft agar. These events correlated with a sustained percentage of cells in S phase induced by RI alpha over-expression in the infected cells. In contrast, CHO cells infected with retroviral vectors over-expressing either a RII beta sub-unit or a C alpha catalytic sub-unit of PKA exhibited growth arrest within a few days of culture and accumulated in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle. The results of our study demonstrate that the different PKA sub-units play different and specific roles in the control of cell growth and cell-cycle distribution
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