154 research outputs found
The Role of Cancer-Testis Antigens as Predictive and Prognostic Markers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
No full textBACKGROUND: Cancer-Testis Antigens (CTAs) are immunogenic proteins that are poor prognostic markers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We investigated expression of CTAs in NSCLC and their association with response to chemotherapy, genetic mutations and survival. METHODS: We studied 199 patients with pathological N2 NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; n = 94), post-operative observation (n = 49), adjuvant chemotherapy (n = 47) or unknown (n = 9). Immunohistochemistry for NY-ESO-1, MAGE-A and MAGE-C1 was performed. Clinicopathological features, response to neoadjuvant treatment and overall survival were correlated. DNA mutations were characterized using the Sequenom Oncocarta panel v1.0. Affymetrix data from the JBR.10 adjuvant chemotherapy study were obtained from a public repository, normalised and mapped for CTAs. RESULTS: NY-ESO-1 was expressed in 50/199 (25%) samples. Expression of NY-ESO-1 in the NAC cohort was associated with significantly increased response rates (P = 0.03), but not overall survival. In the post-operative cohort, multivariate analyses identified NY-ESO-1 as an independent poor prognostic marker for those not treated with chemotherapy (HR 2.61, 95% CI 1.28-5.33; P = 0.008), whereas treatment with chemotherapy and expression of NY-ESO-1 was an independent predictor of improved survival (HR 0.267, 95% CI 0.07-0.980; P = 0.046). Similar findings for MAGE-A were seen, but did not meet statistical significance. Independent gene expression data from the JBR.10 dataset support these findings but were underpowered to demonstrate significant differences. There was no association between oncogenic mutations and CTA expression. CONCLUSIONS: NY-ESO-1 was predictive of increased response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies investigating the relationship between these findings and immune mechanisms are warranted
MicroRNAs in Cancer (An Overview)
No full textThe expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is deregulated in human cancer, with some miRNAs consistently up- or down-regulated in more than one type of neoplasm. The demonstration that aberrantly expressed miRNAs can affect the function of known oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes established molecular links with pathways implicated in malignant transformation. Cell cycle progression, loss of differentiation, increased survival, invasion, and metastasis were shown to be all under the influence of miRNAs, thereby implicating that miRNAs can themselves act as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Besides increasing our knowledge on the molecular basis of cancer, accumulating evidences indicate that miRNA expression profiling has the potential of being translated into clinical applications. Analysis of cancer tissues revealed that miRNAs could be molecular markers useful for cancer classification, prognostic stratification, and drug-response prediction. MiRNAs also emerged as circulating markers, which may become valuable for early diagnosis and follow-up investigations. If we consider that studies on miRNAs in cancer therapy have already produced important results, in just few years, miRNAs have had a great impact in all cancer areas. Whether this will translate into important clinical applications is still too early to say
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No full text학위논문(석사) - 한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과, 1977.2, [ [ii], 58, 10 p. ]The trend of the computer architecture is to adapt the computer dynamically to the applications. There are some available computers that provide the application adaptability by using WCS (writable control store). WCS, in general, is fast in access but expensive. In a multiprogramming environment, however, using WCS may produce the operating system overhead, therefore total speed may decrease in some cases. Computer organization which provides user-microprogramming using MM(main memory) is suggested in this thesis. Such an organization has advantages of flexibility, low cost, similarity with ordinary microprogrammed computer in comparison with the computer using WCS. It also can increase the system speed in some cases, especially in multiprogramming environments. CRIMM, which is developed for this thesis research, has the user-microprogramming facility using MM. Overall organization and some special features of CRIMM are described in detail in this thesis. Because CRIMM is modified from CRIROS, which is a microprogrammed computer and also developed by us, conventional microprogrammed computers may be made user-microprogrammable using MM by adopting these special features. Evalution of user-microprogrammable computer using MM in comparison with using WCS is also made in this thesis.한국과학기술원 : 전기 및 전자공학과
miR-9-5p as a Regulator of the Androgen Receptor Pathway in Breast Cancer Cell Lines
No full textBreast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed carcinoma and the leading cause of cancer death in female over 100 countries. Thanks to the advance in therapeutic strategies, patients' survival has improved. However, the lack of response to treatments and drug resistance are still a main concern, demanding for new therapeutic approaches, in particular for the advanced stages of the disease. Androgen receptor (AR) is gaining increasing interest as a fourth targetable receptor in BC, however, its regulation in BC cells is still poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. Here, we identified miR-9-5p as an inhibitor of AR expression, we validated the inverse correlation between miR-9-5p and AR in primary BC samples and we further identified a feedback loop in which androgen agonists of AR up-regulate miR-9-5p. We also provided evidence that miR-9-5p elicits anti-proliferative effects in BC cell lines regardless of their estrogen receptor status. Finally, we showed that miR-9-5p can revert AR-downstream signaling even in presence of AR-agonists, highlighting the role of this miR in the hormonal response of BC. In conclusion, this study supports the role of miR-9-5p as an anti-proliferative miR in BC and as a central modulator of AR-signaling response to circulating androgens in BC
Comparing the stretching technique and the wavelet cross-spectrum technique for measuring stress-induced wave-velocity changes in concrete
No full textCoda wave interferometry (CWI) holds promise as a technique for concrete stress monitoring. This is because the coda, which consists of multiply scattered arrivals, is the result of propagation through the medium over large distances. As such, it is sensitive to both minute structural changes and small velocity changes in that medium. Previous studies focusing on concrete have predominantly utilized the time-domain-based stretching technique to measure travel-time changes. There is, however, a lack of consensus on how to quantify these changes effectively. In this study, we conduct a systematic comparison between two techniques, namely the stretching technique and the wavelet cross-spectrum (WCS) technique, for measuring stress-induced velocity changes in a cylindrical concrete sample. Our comparison focuses on two key aspects: (i) stability against cycle skipping and (ii) consistency in retrieving velocity changes. Experimental results reveal that both the WCS technique and the stretching technique yield consistent velocity changes. In terms of stability, it is challenging to determine which technique performs better, due to differences in the mechanisms triggering cycle skipping. However, when considering waves with frequencies ranging from 50 kHz to 80 kHz, both techniques exhibit comparable performance. Based on our findings, we offer the following recommendations for utilizing these CWI techniques in concrete stress monitoring: For the stretching technique, selecting the time window length based on the wave frequency and the expected magnitude of velocity change. For the WCS technique, operating it in the frequency band where spectral decomposition shows sufficiently high energy in the signal and can accommodate the expected magnitude of velocity change.Concrete StructuresApplied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Wilderness Courage Scale (WCS)
No full textThis article presents a new tool—the Wilderness Courage Scale. The Wilderness Courage Scale is a scale that diagnoses undertaking activity in dangerous natural environments, despite personal fears. The validity of the Wilderness Courage Scale was tested using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The results of factor analyses verified the one-factor structure. The questionnaire’s internal consistency and intercorrelations were also tested. The Wilderness Courage Scale correlates with sensation seeking, some personality traits, and coping forms. The author discusses the findings in regard to the Wilderness Courage Scale as an instrument to measure exploration of dangerous natural environments. However, further studies need to be carried out in other sample groups to further validate the scale
Connecting workplace attachment and pro-environmental behaviors in zoo and aquarium professionals
No full textThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Murphy, B., Maynard, L. (2022). Connecting workplace attachment and pro-environmental behaviors in zoo and aquarium professionals. Zoo Biology, 1– 9. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21703, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21703. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions: https://authorservices.wiley.com/author-resources/Journal-Authors/licensing/self-archiving.html#3.
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Reconstruction of the Wet Chemical Synthesis Process: The Case of Fe5C2 Nanoparticles
No full textWet chemical synthesis (WCS), especially under high temperatures, is one of the most frequently used strategies for nanostructured material construction, which has been used extensively in medical-, energy-, and environment-related applications. Although knowledge about the WCS process has been accumulated in the past two decades, the high temperature used in the process and multiphase nature of intermediates and products are key factors preventing the processes from rationalization. In this paper, by using multilevel in situ cells, we developed a strategy to monitor the reaction details of WCS processed in the solid, liquid, and gas phase simultaneously. This protocol has proven successful to reconstruct the WCS process of Fe5C2 nanoparticles (NPs) and unravel the complicated chemistry in the synthesis process.Natural Science Foundation of China [91645115, 21473003, 21222306, 51590882, 51172005, 21321002]; 973 Project [2013CB933100, 2013CB834603]; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2015M580011]SCI(E)ARTICLE95154-516012
Coccidia Vaccine Challenge and Exogenous Enzyme Supplementation in Broiler Chicken 1. Effect on Digesta Viscosity, Diet Energy Utilization, and Apparent Metabolizable Energy Value of Wheat
No full textThis study examined the effect of exogenous mixed-enzyme supplementation (xylanase, β-glucanase, and pectinase) to a corn-SBM (CS) and a wheat-CS-based (WCS) diet in birds challenged with coccidia vaccine (Coccivac B-52™). The WCS-based diet was produced by replacing 30% of the energy-yielding portions of the CS-based diet with wheat. On day 14, 448 (n = 7) Cobb by-product breeder male broilers were assigned to a 2 (diet types) × 2 (with or without enzyme supplementation) × 2 (0 or 20 × coccidia vaccine challenge; CVC) factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design for the determination of the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) value of wheat. Treatment effects on jejunum digesta viscosity and AME corrected for nitrogen (AMEn) of the diets were evaluated within each diet type as a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, 7- and 14-day post-challenge. Seven-day post-challenge (day 21), dry matter (DM) and energy utilization, AME, and AMEn of the CS- and WCS-based diets decreased (p \u3c 0.05) with CVC. Both AME and AMEn of wheat decreased (p \u3c 0.05) by about a 20% in CVC-birds 7-day post-challenge. Enzyme and CVC resulted in a decrease (p \u3c 0.05) in jejunal digesta viscosity in birds fed the CS-based diets, while there was an interaction (p \u3c 0.05) between CVC and enzyme, with enzyme lowering (p \u3c 0.05) the viscosity of digesta 7-day post-challenge. Results from this study showed that CVC resulted in a 20% decrease in AMEn 7-day post-challenge, while the interaction between exogenous enzyme supplementation and CVC resulted in an improvement in nitrogen utilization (~6%) in CVC birds fed the corn-SBM-based diet 7-days post challenge
Drug transporters and multiple drug resistance in the most common pediatric solid tumors
No full textSolid tumors account for approximately 30% of all pediatric cancers. Although chemotherapy has
largely contributed to strongly improve patient outcome, multidrug resistance (MDR) remains one of the major
mechanisms limiting the overall survival. The enhanced efflux rate of chemotherapeutic drugs from tumor cells
through drug transporters is one of the most important mechanisms of MDR. Drug transporters play a pivotal role
in preserving the balance between sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to anti-neoplastic drugs. Their functional
activities have been barely investigated in pediatric solid malignancies. Here, we provide evidence from the current
literatures on drug transporters and MDR in the most common types of pediatric solid tumors, including neuroblastoma, Wilms’ tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma and hepatoblastoma
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