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A research on Chen Ting-zuo's Yi thoughts and his philosophy
No full text碩士本論文是從程廷祚的《大易擇言》、《易通》及《讀易管見》等著作中，理出他的《易》學淵源，並由他對佛、老的導正，架構出他的時中觀，另外，則是爬梳他的《易》學著作中的義理，把握他「彰顯天德，挺立人道」的思想脈絡，分別按單元主題論述，呈現他的天道論、人性論、實踐論。
本論文凡八章，第一章分別是研究動機、研究方法，並且對前人的研究成果做一分析評論。第二章分別介紹其家世淵源、顏李學派的關係、交遊關係及學術著作，大致勾勒廷祚一生的學行。第三章分別探討其《易》學淵源、對義理及象數的會通，進而建立起其實踐為導向的《易》學觀。第四章此部分筆者運用清儒王船山的「二端一致論」來確立乾坤生成是宇宙生生不息的外緣，而「易簡」則是維持宇宙秩序和諧的內因，順此理路言之，筆者又依據曾春海所提出的三大宇宙運動變化的自然律（相互對待的變通律、總體和諧的均衡律、終則復始的循環律）來確立廷祚《周易》著作中的天道觀。第五章此部分則討論廷祚的性命一元論、人性論，進而從心知肯定主體的價值。第六章此部分說明廷祚以為「心」只有一個，至於人心與道心，天理與人欲皆只是權說，最終目的是要回復天理、道心，俾使人道完成。第七章此部分乃廷祚針對佛氏舍命言性的貴空思想，老氏遺形全神的尚無精神，以致外王事業無法開出的癥結，提出了「時中」理念，唯有掌握「時中」，王道方有可能。第八章則是對本論文的回顧及檢討。The thesis analyzes the origin of Chen Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts from his writings of Da-Yi-Ze-Yan (The opinions of the Yi thoughts), Yi-Ton (Understanding of the Yi) and Du-Yi-Guan-Jian (Sights when reading the Yi). Besides, it also builds up his Shi-Zhong theory (the principle of obeying the mean) by his rectification to Fo (Buddha) and Lao (Lao-tzu). Moreover, by holding his thoughts of “enhancing the moral philosophy and keeping up the humanity”, the thesis also excavates the principles and meanings of his Yi writings, and discusses his theories of Tian-Dao (moral philosophy of the universe), humanity and practices.
There are eight chapters in the thesis. The first one is constituted by the research motive, methodology, and literature review. “Chen Ting-zuo’s autobiography” in Chapter 2 draws the outlines of his study and behavior by introducing his family background, relationship with Yen-Lee school of thoughts, associations and academic writings. “Ting-zuo’s thoughts of the Yi” in Chapter 3 probes into the origin and understanding of his Yi philosophy and discusses his practice-oriented point of view. In Chapter 4, “the moral philosophy of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts”, the author uses Wan Chuan-shan’s theory of “unity in two extremities” to establish firmly that Quan Kun (heaven and earth) is the rim to make the universe alive and kicking, and Yi Jian (simple) is the principle part to make the universe concord and harmonic. In view of the above, the author again uses Zen Chun-Hai’s “natural theory of the three changes in the universe (flexibility of mutuality, equilibrium of macro-coordinance , and rounding of circulation” to assure Ting-zuo’s moral philosophy in his writing, “Cho Yi.” In Chapter 5, “The humanity in Ting-Zuo’s Yi thoughts”, two of Ting-zuo’s theories, “unity of life” and “humanity thoughts”, are discussed to reveal the value of unit. “Practice of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts” in Chapter 6 illustrates that there is only one “heart” in Ting-zuo’s point of view. Human heart, moral heart, universe principle and human desire are all doctrines and will be unified back to universe morality and principles and make the humanity completed. Chapter 7, “the Shi Zhong theory of Ting-zuo’s Yi thoughts”, discusses his thoughts to Buddha, Lao-tzu and the crux of Wan Dao’s (the operation of politics) obstacle, and thus he brings up the Shi Zhong theory to make Wan Dao possible. Finally, a summary of the thesis and self-criticism in Chapter 8 is proposed to make it completed.目次
第一章 緒論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．０１
第一節 研究動機． ．．．．．．．．．０１
第二節 研究方法．．．．．．．．．．．０４
第三節 前人的研究成果．．．．．．．．１０
第二章 程廷祚之生平．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３
第一節 家世淵源．．．．．．．．．．．１４
第二節 顏李學派之傳人．．．．．．．．１９
第三節 交遊關係．．．．．．．．．．．２８
第四節 學術著作．．．．．．．．．．．３６
第三章 廷祚之《易》學觀．．．．．．．．．．．４７
第一節 綿莊《易》學淵源．．．．．．．４８
第二節 循象數，明義理．．．．．．．．６０
第三節 彰顯天德，挺立人道．．．．．．７３
第四章 廷祚《易》學之天道論．．．．．．．．．７８
第一節 乾坤生成論－兩端一致論的確立．７９
第二節 「易簡」是萬物和諧的內因．．．８７
第三節 陰陽的剛柔、動靜的變化．．．．９３
第五章 廷祚《易》學之人性論．．．．．．．．．１０３
第一節 性、命的理論內涵與開展．．．．１０４
第二節 人性論之主張與實踐．．．．．．１１４
第三節 從心知肯定主體價值．．．．．．１２４
第六章 廷祚《易》學之實踐論．．．．．．．．．１３１
第一節 人心與道心的開展與實踐．．．．１３３
第二節 天理與人欲的調和．．．．．．．１４０
第三節 天德的落實與人道的完成．．．．１４９
第七章 廷祚《易》學之時中觀．．．．．．．．．１５６
第一節 對佛、老思想的導正．．．．．．１５７
第二節 「中」與「時」的內蘊闡發．．．１６９
第三節 時中原理與人道實踐．．．．．．１７８
第八章 結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１８８
第一節 本文主要內容的回顧．．．．．．１８８
第二節 本文未來發展的前瞻及缺失．．．１９１
附．程廷祚年譜．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９２
參考書目．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１９５學號: 691000078, 學年度: 9
sj-pdf-1-dem-10.1177_14713012221093879 – Supplemental Material “Am I entitled to take a break in caregiving?”: Perceptions of leisure activities of family caregivers of loved ones with dementia in China
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-dem-10.1177_14713012221093879 for “Am I entitled to take a break in caregiving?”: Perceptions of leisure activities of family caregivers of loved ones with dementia in China by Xin Yi Xu, Rick Yiu Cho Kwan, Ting Na Liang, Doris Leung, Ai Jun Chai and Angela Yee Man Leung in Dementia</p
Electronic and chemical properties of molybdenum oxide doped hole injection layers in organic light emitting diodes
No full textDevice and Electrode Architectures for High-Efficiency Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
No full text由於有機材料其本身的獨特性，適合應用於高效率、大面積的全彩顯示面板及照明用白光光源，因此近年來逐步受到各方的矚目，並吸引廣泛的研究。在本論文中針對有機發光元件中之元件結構及材料介面進行深入的研究及探討，尋求元件效率之改善。
本論文利用光學模型分析堆疊串接式有機發光元件中之光學結構，並結合微共振腔結構與堆疊串接式結構，大幅提昇元件之正向發光效率。在元件光學結構之分析中，我們瞭解將堆疊串接元件中的各發光單元分別製作在反節點，可極大化元件之發光效率。若更進一步利用微共振腔結構之效應，適當設計元件之光學結構，則可製作出超高效率(200 cd/A)之上發射型綠色燐光有機發光元件。
本論文提出一超薄堆疊串接型有機白光元件結構，係利用不同波長的光其反節點位置不同的特性，將黃光及藍光分別製作於各自的第一反節點，而得以在維持原發光效率的前提之下，減少元件整體厚度，進而降低操作電壓及提升元件能量轉換效率之目的。
本論文研究一金屬氧化物材料--氧化鉬作為有機發光元件中之電洞注入層。氧化鉬具有較低的製程溫度、高導電能力、及平坦的膜層表面，適合在有機發光元件中應用。使用氧化鉬作為注入層之元件，可大幅降低陽極介面的電洞注入能障，且可廣泛通用於具有不同功函數之電極材料，論文中也更進一步利用紫外線光譜分析技術(UPS)深入研究其中原因，並提供一合理解釋。
最後，本論文利用先前所發展之芴寡聚物材料作為有機發光元件中之電子傳導層。此高能隙材料具有高雙載子移動率、高熱穩定性之優異特性，故具有簡化製程、增加元件操作壽命的潛力。論文中廣泛嘗試各種優化陰極介面之材料與製程方式，發現氟化銫(CsF)可有效提高電子注入能力並改善元件之能量轉換效率，也同時採用了UPS探討其成因並提供解釋。Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have attracted much attention for its applications in high-efficiency, large-scale, full-color flat-panel displays and solid-state lighting. In this thesis, we focused on developing device structures and electrode structures to obtain improvement of emission efficiency of OLEDs.
We investigated theoretically and experimentally the optical characteristics of noncavity and microcavity tandem OLEDs. By use of rigorous electromagnetic modeling of OLEDs, radiation characteristics of tandem OLEDs as a function of device structures are analyzed and correspondingly the guidelines for optimizing performances of tandem devices are suggested. Making use of the analysis results, we show that with well designed microcavity conditions and device structures, a five-fold enhancement in luminance can be achieved with cavity tandem devices having only two emitting units. A very high efficiency of 200 cd/A has been demonstrated with a phosphorescent cavity two-unit device.
We demonstrated ultra-thin tandem WOLEDs by locating yellow and blue emitters at corresponding first antinodes to the metal electrode, instead of 1st and 2nd antinodes in conventional tandem OLEDs. This attempt leads to the substantial reduction of operating voltage improvement in power efficiency, compared to conventional tandem WOLEDs. Besides, it shows stable EL spectra under various bias conditions.
The thermally evaporated molybdenum oxide (MoOx) was investigated as the effective hole-injection material for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The use of MoOx significantly lowers the operating voltage of OLEDs. According to ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), there exists gap states in MoOx layer, such that the Fermi level is pinned and hole-injection barrier through MoOx layer is reduced. As such, OLEDs using MoOx as the hole-injection layer are rather insensitive to the anode materials utilized.
Finally, we investigated the derivative of oligofluorene, ter(9,9-diarylfluorene), as an efficient electron-transport layer in OLEDs. In interface engineering of the cathode, we found that the introduction of CsF effectively reduces the electron injection barrier. Combined with high mobility of oligofluorene (i.e. electron-transport layer), the operating voltage of OLEDs can be reduced and power efficiency is improved accordingly.1 Introduction of Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)
1.1 General overview of OLED devices and displays……………1
1.2 Advanced architectures of high-efficiency OLEDs…………3
1.2.1 Microcavity OLEDs………………………… 3
1.2.2 Tandem OLEDs……………………………………………4
1.2.3 Conductive doping technology………………………………4
1.3 Thesis organization……………………………………………5
References……………………………………………………………7
Figures………………………………………………………………10
2High-Efficiency Microcavity Tandem OLEDs
2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………12
2.2 Optical simulations and analyses…………………………13
2.2.1 Device structures and the optical model used for analyses………………………………………………………………13
2.2.2 Analysis results for noncavity tandem OLEDs…………15
2.2.3 Analysis results for Microcavity tandem OLEDs………18
2.2.4 Design considerations for tandem OLEDs…………………20
2.3 Experiments and Discussions…………………………………22
2.3.1 Device structures for experiments………………………22
2.3.2 Experiment results and discussions………………………23
2.4 Summary……………………………………………………………25
References………………………………………………………………27
Figures…………………………………………………………………29
3 Ultra-thin tandem White OLEDs with Improved Power-Efficiency
3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………43
3.2 Optical simulations and analyses……………44
3.3 Device structures……..………………………46
3.4 Device results and discussions………………48
3.5 Summary…………………………………49
References…………………………………………50
Figures………………………………………………52
4 Effective Anodes Incorporating Molybdenum Oxide
4.1 Introduction……………..………………………61
4.2 Physical properties of MoOx.……………………62
4.3 Device structures and characteristics……………63
4.4 Mechanism investigations……………64
4.5 Summary……………66
References………………………………………………67
Figures………………………………………………69
5 Engineering Cathode for High-Electron-Mobility Oligo-fluorene
5.1 Introduction……………………………………77
5.2 Physical properties of ter(9,9-diarylfluorene)…78
5.3 Device structures and characteristics……………79
5.4 Mechanism investigations………………………81
5.5 Summary……………………………………82
References………………………………………………83
Figures………………………………………………84
6 Summary and Future Directions
6.1 Summary……………………………………9
Organic Light-Emitting Devices Integrated with Solar Cells: High Contrast and Energy Recycling
No full textEnhancing light outcoupling of organic light-emitting devices by locating emitters around the second antinode of the reflective metal electrode
No full text- …
