3,893 research outputs found
Gaussian process modelling of blood glucose response to free-living physical activity data in people with type 1 diabetes
No full textGood blood glucose control is important to people
with type 1 diabetes to prevent diabetes-related complications.
Too much blood glucose (hyperglycaemia) causes long-term
micro-vascular complications, while a severe drop in blood glucose
(hypoglycaemia) can cause life-threatening coma. Finding
the right balance between quantity and type of food intake,
physical activity levels and insulin dosage, is a daily challenge.
Increased physical activity levels often cause changes in blood
glucose due to increased glucose uptake into tissues such as
muscle. To date we have limited knowledge about the minute
by minute effects of exercise on blood glucose levels, in part due
to the difficulty in measuring glucose and physical activity levels
continuously, in a free-living environment. By using a light and
user-friendly armband we can record physical activity energy
expenditure on a minute-by-minute basis. Simultaneously, by
using a continuous glucose monitoring system we can record
glucose concentrations. In this paper, Gaussian Processes are
used to model the glucose excursions in response to physical
activity data, to study its effect on glycaemic contro
Daily energy expenditure, cardiorespiratory fitness and glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes
No full textObjective: encouraging daily physical activity improves cardiorespiratory fitness and many cardiovascular risk factors. However, increasing physical activity often creates a challenge for people with type 1 diabetes, because of difficulties maintaining euglycemia in the face of altered food intake and adjustments to insulin doses. Our aim was to examine the triangular relationship between glucose control measured by continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS), objective measures of total daily energy expenditure (TEE) recorded by a multi-sensory monitoring device, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), in free-living subjects with type 1 diabetes.Research design and methods: twenty-three individuals (12 women) with type 1 diabetes who were free from micro- and macrovascular complications were recruited. TEE and glucose control were monitored simultaneously for up to 12 days, using a multi-sensory device and CGMS respectively. CRF was recorded as V02 max from a maximal treadmill test with the Bruce protocol.Results: subjects (mean±SD) were aged 37±11 years, with BMI = 26.5±5.1 kg.m?2, HbA1c = 7.7±1.3% (61±14 mmol/mol) and V02 max (ml.min?1.kg?1) = 39.9±8.4 (range 22.4 – 58.6). TEE (36.3±5.5 kcal.kg?1.day?1) was strongly associated with CRF(39.9±8.4 ml.min?1.kg?1) independently of sex (r = 0.63, p<0.01). However, neither TEE (r = ?0.20, p = 0.36) nor CRF (r = ?0.20, p = 0.39; adjusted for sex), were significantly associated with mean glycaemia measured by CGMS.Conclusion: higher levels of energy expenditure (due to a more active lifestyle) are associated with increased cardiorespiratory fitness, but not necessarily better glycaemic control. Since increased levels of energy expenditure and good glycaemic control are both needed to protect against diabetes-related complications our data suggest they need to be achieved independently<br/
Metabolic regulation during constant moderate physical exertion in extreme conditions in Type 1 diabetes
No full textBackground Constant moderate intensity physical exertion in humid environments at altitude poses a considerable challenge to maintaining euglycaemia with Type 1 diabetes. Blood glucose concentrations and energy expenditure were continuously recorded in a person trekking at altitude in a tropical climate to quantify changes in glucose concentrations in relation to energy expenditure. Case report Blood glucose concentrations and energy expenditure were continuously monitored with a Guardian® real-time continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) and a SenseWear® Pro3 armband (BodyMedia Inc., USA), in a 27-year-old woman with Type 1 diabetes, during her climb up Mount Kinabalu in Borneo (c. 4095m). Comparative control data from the same person was collected in the UK (temperate climate at sea level) and Singapore (tropical climate at sea level). Maximum physical effort during the climb was <60% VO 2MAX (maximal oxygen consumption). Mean daily calorific intakes were 2300kcal (UK), 2370kcal (Singapore) and 2274kcal (Mount Kinabalu), and mean daily insulin doses were 54U (UK), 40U (Singapore) and 47U (Mount Kinabalu). Despite markedly increased energy expenditure during the climb [4202kcal (Mount Kinabalu) vs. 2948kcal (UK) and 2662kcal (Singapore)], mean blood glucose was considerably higher during the trek up Mount Kinabalu [13.2±5.9mmol/l, vs. 7.9±3.8mmol/l (UK) and 8.6±4.0mmol/l (Singapore)]. Conclusion Marked unexpected hyperglycaemia occurred while trekking on Mount Kinabalu, despite similar calorie consumption and insulin doses to control conditions. Because of the risk of unexpected hyperglycaemia in these conditions, we recommend that patients embarking on similar activity holidays undertake frequent blood glucose monitoring.</p
Ralph D. Abernathy and Joseph E. Lowery, circa 1965
No full textRalph D. Abernathy and Joseph E. Lowery are shown smiling at one another with an unidentified man standing in the background.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Joseph & Evelyn Lowery Institute for Justice and Human Rights, the Joseph Echols Lowery Irrevocable Trust, and other donors in supporting the processing and digitization of Morehouse College's Joseph Echols and Evelyn Gibson Lowery Collection
Supporting disabled children and their families in Scotland: A review of policy and research
No full textThe Joseph Rowntree Foundation has been supporting research about disabled children and their families for a number of years. An earlier Foundations covering the messages from these projects has already been published (1). This Foundations places the messages from that work into the Scottish context. It gives an overview of current policies affecting disabled children and their families in Scotland and draws on research carried out north of the border
Joseph E. Lowery and Ralph D. Abernathy at a Service of Dedication for Kwame Abernathy, circa 1977
No full textJoseph E. Lowery and Ralph D. Abernathy are shown at a service of dedication for Kwame Abernathy.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Joseph & Evelyn Lowery Institute for Justice and Human Rights, the Joseph Echols Lowery Irrevocable Trust, and other donors in supporting the processing and digitization of Morehouse College's Joseph Echols and Evelyn Gibson Lowery Collection
The Beat of the Economic Heart: Joseph Schumpeter and Arthur Spiethoff on Business Cycles
No full textThe paper discusses the relationship between Arthur Spiethoff and Joseph A. Schumpeter, the men and their works. Had it not been for Spiethoff Schumpeter would in all probability have forever been lost to scientific work. It was Spiethoff who brought the Austrian back to academia and research after a sequence of serious mishaps in politics and banking. Spiethoff's contribution to an analysis of business cycles is then summarized and important similarities and some differences between it and Schumpeter's are pointed out. The view of Spiethoff and Schumpeter that cycles are endogenous and cannot possibly be eliminated without at the same time eliminating the dynamism of the capitalist economy is then couterposed with views of some of their contemporaries and particularly modern mainstream macroeconomics that this is not so.Schumpeter; Spiethoff; business cycles; innovations; creative destruction
Joseph E. Lowery With Others, circa 1972
No full textRalph D. Abernathy (left) and Joseph E. Lowery (right) pose for a photo with an unidentified man.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Joseph & Evelyn Lowery Institute for Justice and Human Rights, the Joseph Echols Lowery Irrevocable Trust, and other donors in supporting the processing and digitization of Morehouse College's Joseph Echols and Evelyn Gibson Lowery Collection
Joseph E. Lowery With Others Marching Arm In Arm, 1968
No full textRalph D. Abernathy, Evelyn G. Lowery, and Joseph E. Lowery are shown marching arm in arm down the street with others during a Poor People's Campaign event in Memphis, Tennessee.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Joseph & Evelyn Lowery Institute for Justice and Human Rights, the Joseph Echols Lowery Irrevocable Trust, and other donors in supporting the processing and digitization of Morehouse College's Joseph Echols and Evelyn Gibson Lowery Collection
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