326 research outputs found
Binding and reactivity in deep cavitands based on resorcin[4]arene
No full textA widely used class of synthetic receptors are resorcin[4]arene-based cavitands. A collection of the most representative studies in this field is reported here, from organic-soluble receptors to those that are water-soluble. Intermolecular forces involved in complex formation – hydrogen bonds, halogen bonds and solvophobic interactions – are discussed with emphasis on the relationship between guest conformation and reactivity in the cavity. The applications of hosts as reaction vessels, chaperones, templates and protecting groups in organic and aqueous media are explored, highlighting how synthetic receptors are modern tools to explore the behavior of molecules in confined spaces
Law, foreign direct investment and economic development in Taiwan
No full textThis research looks at the legal regime governing foreign direct investment
(FDI) in Taiwan, and at the interaction between the Government's economic
policies, legal reform and FDI in the economic development of Taiwan. The
research for this thesis is focused on the period of 1945 to the present; however, a
study of the pre-1945 period is provided as a basis for analysing the post-1945
developments. There are three principal aims of this thesis. First, the thesis is
designed to illustrate how the economic success of Taiwan challenges traditional
views put forward in development theories and in law and development theories, in
particular. Secondly, the thesis considers the role of law in the development
process. By examining the evolution and operation of the FDI legal regime in
Taiwan in its economic, social, political and historical context, this research
suggests that the role of law is as a 'doorkeeper' for a country's development. If
consistent with a public-interest-oriented economic policy, an appropriate and wellconsidered
legal regime can help a country's development without risking its
economic sovereignty. Finally, this thesis examines Taiwan's current FDI regime
for its appropriateness. Using international law as a reference-point, a detailed
analysis is made of Taiwan's current FDI laws. The thesis suggests that certain of
these laws are out of date and that further legal reform is required.
The thesis concludes by slightly modifying the developmental model for law
and FDI which is put forward in Chapter 1, in order to emphasise the important role
of government economic policy in Taiwan's development. It is submitted that the
Government's choice of development strategy in each of Taiwan's different
development phases has been crucial to Taiwan's success. The thesis also
concludes that an appropriate legal regime remains important for a country's
development regardless of its development status
Characteristic amino acids in tea leaves as quality indicator for evaluation of Wuyi Rock Tea in different cultured regions
No full textFree amino acid compositions in Wuyi Rock Tea leaves from Yu (authentic rock region), Guiyan (semi-authentic rock region) and Qishan (ordinary region) tea plantations were analyzed. Results showed that contents of 18 free amino acids were 1.6-2.0 times higher in Yu and Guiyan than that in Qishan. The theanine contents reached to 17-20 mg g-1 in Yu and Guiyan, while it was less than 10 mg g-1 in Qishan. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were effective in distinguishing Rock Tea from different regions. The ratios of theanine, sweet and umami amino acids were 8%, 5% and 6% higher, respectively in Yu than that in Qishan. Sensory evaluation score were positively correlated with the ratios of theanine, sweet and umami amino acids (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Our results highlight that the favourite characteristic amino acids are dominant contributors to sweet aftertaste of Rock Tea
C-H⋅⋅⋅X-C bonds in alkyl halides drive reverse selectivities in confined spaces
No full textBinding of non-activated alkyl halides (2–20) in water-soluble cavitand (1) through supramolecular forces is here reported, with emphasis on the role of size and polarizability of the halogen atom in the formation of intramolecular C-H hydrogen bonds in confined spaces. Rare reverse affinity in water (RI < RBr < RCl) is surprisingly observed for the more water-soluble short alkyl halides in dynamic open-ended containers. Competitive bindings and theoretical calculations confirm the unusual selectivity and the presence of C-H hydrogen bonds in non-activated systems for the first time, pointing out the importance and effect of subtle forces on molecular recognition in confined spaces
Value-at-Risk and Expected Shortfall when there is long range dependence.
No full textEmpirical studies have shown that a large number of financial asset returns exhibit fat tails and are often characterized by volatility clustering and asymmetry. Also revealed as a stylized fact is Long memory or long range dependence in market volatility, with significant impact on pricing and forecasting of market volatility. The implication is that models that accomodate long memory hold the promise of improved long-run volatility forecast as well as accurate pricing of long-term contracts. On the other hand, recent focus is on whether long memory can affect the measurement of market risk in the context of Value-at- Risk (V aR). In this paper, we evaluate the Value-at-Risk (V aR) and Expected Shortfall (ESF) in financial markets under such conditions. We examine one equity portfolio, the British FTSE100 and three stocks of the German DAX index portfolio (Bayer, Siemens and Volkswagen). Classical V aR estimation methodology such as exponential moving average (EMA) as well as extension to cases where long memory is an inherent characteristics of the system are investigated. In particular, we estimate two long memory models, the Fractional Integrated Asymmetric Power-ARCH and the Hyperbolic-GARCH with different error distribution assumptions. Our results show that models that account for asymmetries in the volatility specifications as well as fractional integrated parametrization of the volatility process, perform better in predicting the one-step as well as five-step ahead V aR and ESF for short and long positions than short memory models. This suggests that for proper risk valuation of options, the degree of persistence should be investigated and appropriate models that incorporate the existence of such characteristic be taken into account.Backtesting, Value-at-Risk, Expected Shortfall, Long Memory, Fractional Integrated Volatility Models
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An orthogonal forward regression technique for sparse kernel density estimation
No full textUsing the classical Parzen window (PW) estimate as the desired response, the kernel density estimation is formulated as a regression problem and the orthogonal forward regression technique is adopted to construct sparse kernel density (SKD) estimates. The proposed algorithm incrementally minimises a leave-one-out test score to select a sparse kernel model, and a local regularisation method is incorporated into the density construction process to further enforce sparsity. The kernel weights of the selected sparse model are finally updated using the multiplicative nonnegative quadratic programming algorithm, which ensures the nonnegative and unity constraints for the kernel weights and has the desired ability to reduce the model size further. Except for the kernel width, the proposed method has no other parameters that need tuning, and the user is not required to specify any additional criterion to terminate the density construction procedure. Several examples demonstrate the ability of this simple regression-based approach to effectively construct a SKID estimate with comparable accuracy to that of the full-sample optimised PW density estimate. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Characteristic amino acids in tea leaves as quality indicator for the evaluation of Wuyi Rock Tea in different culturing regions
No full textFree amino acid compositions in Wuyi Rock Tea leaves from Yu (authentic rock region), Guiyan (semi-authentic rock region) and Qishan (ordinary region) tea plantations were analyzed. Results showed that contents of 18 free amino acids were 1.6-2.0 times higher in Yu and Guiyan than that in Qishan. The theanine contents reached to 17-20 mg g-1 in Yu and Guiyan, while it was less than 10 mg g-1 in Qishan. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were effective in distinguishing Rock Tea from different regions. The ratios of theanine, sweet and umami amino acids were 8%, 5% and 6% higher, respectively in Yu than that in Qishan. Sensory evaluation score were positively correlated with the ratios of theanine, sweet and umami amino acids (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Our results highlight that the favourite characteristic amino acids are dominant contributors to sweet aftertaste of Rock Tea
Acute toxicities and safety evaluation of chiral fipronil to Apis mellifera L. and Trichogramma japonicum Ashmead
No full textNotch Signaling: Mechanistic And Functional Studies In Intestinal Stem Cells And Colorectal Cancer Cells
No full text: The study of stem cell regulation in intestinal and colonic tissues is an area of significant focus within the scientific community, providing mechanistic insight into biological process and offering translational clinical potential. In this thesis we address the contribution of NOTCH signaling in maintaining the stem cell niche by modulating the mode of stem cell division and receptor-ligand interactions for cell-cell communication. Furthermore, we examine NOTCHmediated spatiotemporal recovery of the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche following single cell ablation. Finally, we demonstrate that elevated NOTCH signaling exists under conditions of physiological stress and in colon cancer initiating cells (CCICs), promoting tumorigenic potential of the intestinal epithelium. Overall, our research highlights the underlying complexities of NOTCH signaling as an essential pathway to maintain intestinal homeostasis and may inspire development of novel CRC therapeutic strategies. Research efforts and findings during my graduate study have been consolidated into the following peer-reviewed publications, of which the four first co-author manuscripts are described in detail in this dissertation. 1. Srinivasan, Tara; Walters, Jewell; Bu, Pengcheng; Than, Elaine B.; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Panarelli, Nicole; Milsom, Jeff; Augenlicht, Leonard; Lipkin, Steven M; Shen, Xiling. "NOTCH Signaling Regulates Asymmetric Division of Fast- and Slow-Cycling Colon Cancer Initiating Cells." Cancer Research, 2016. (in press) 2. Srinivasan, Tara; Than, Elaine B.; Bu, Pengcheng; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Augenlicht, Leonard; Lipkin, Steven M.; Shen, Xiling. "NOTCH Signaling Regulates Fast- and Slow-Cycling Intestinal Stem Cells." Scientific Reports, 2016. (in press) 3. Chen, Kai-Yuan*; Srinivasan, Tara*; Choi, Jiahn*; Bu, Pengcheng; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Nishimura, Nozomi; Shen, Xiling. "Dynamic regulation of intestinal stem cell niche recovery in real-time." Cell Systems, 2015. (in review) 4. Murthy, Preetish KL*; Srinivasan, Tara*; Bochter, Skye; Bu, Pengcheng; Cole, Susan; Shen, Xiling. "FRINGE-dependent modification of NOTCH Ligands in Intestinal Stem Cells." 2016. (in preparation) 5. Rothschild, Daniel; Srinivasan, Tara; Aponte-Santiago, Linette; Shen, Xiling; Irving, Allen. "The Ex Vivo Culture and Pattern Recognition Receptor Stimulation of Mouse Intestinal Organoids." JoVE, 2015. (in press) 6. Bu, Pengcheng*; Wang, Lihua*; Chen, Kai-Yuan; Srinivasan, Tara; Lakshminarasimha, Preetish; Tung, Kuei-Ling; Varanko, Anastasia; Ai, Yiwei; Lipkin, Steven; Shen, Xiling. "miR34a and Numb synergize for asymmetric cell fate determination." Cell Stem Cell, 2016 Feb 4;18(2):189-202. 7. Crespo, Miguel; Tsai, Su-Yi; Srinivasan, Tara; Pipalia, Nina; Maxfield, Nina; Lipkin, Steven M; Evans, Todd; Chen, Shuibing. "Colonic Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Colorectal Cancer and Drug Testing." Nature Medicine, 2015. (in review) 8. Wang, Lihua*; Bu, Pengcheng*; Ai, Yiwel; Srinivasan, Tara; Lipkin, Steven M; Shen, Xiling. "A Long Non-Coding RNA Targets MicroRNA miR-34a to Regulate Colon Cancer Stem Cell Asymmetric Division." eLife, 2016. (in press
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