16,134 research outputs found
The concept of peace in the Tao Te Ching
Get PDFThis thesis represents a first attempt to analyze Lao Tzu's main method of resolving the social and political problems in Ch'un Ch'iu and Warring States Periods. Lao Tzu, the founder of Taoism, suggested many solutions that could bring an end to the conflicts and to the ending of the disunity of China. Examples of these include the reform or abolishment of some ancient Chinese institutions as well as new principles for the enhancement and preservation of life. All these ideas were to become crystallised in Tao Te Ch'ing, which became an important religious text. In particular, the aspect of Lao Tzu's methods for solving the social and political problems of China in the Warring States Period needs more attention. In each chapter of the Tao Te Ch'ing there was a main emphasis on peace as the main method of developing social cohesion and as a cure to all fundamental human problems. Therefore, Lao Tzu's ideas about peace and his methods of solving the problems of the Warring States period are significant and from the main focus of the thesis
The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Rethinking Import-substituting Industrialization: Development Strategies and Institutions in Taiwan and China
Get PDFimport-substituting industrialization, export-oriented industrialization, development strategies, institutions
Studies on the DNA Sequence Variation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)Varieties
No full text甘藷對環境適應能力強，又具有廣泛用途，為台灣重要雜糧作物之ㄧ。由於外表性狀不易區分大量甘藷品種及評估種原之遺傳歧異性，因此本研究由分子層次進行探討。本研究共篩選100條ISSR引子，共獲得81個具多型性之分子標誌，其中23個分子標誌具有較強之條帶，可利用於建立台灣地區甘藷品種之DNA指紋資料庫。甘藷品種之遺傳相似性分析結果顯示台灣主要甘藷品種間之遺傳距離介於12.5 % 到94.4 % 之間，各品種間之平均遺傳距離為54.9 %，顯示台灣收集之主要甘藷品種已具有較大程度的遺傳歧異性，由主成份分群分析顯示台灣育成甘藷品種與來自中國大陸種原仍具有很大的遺傳距離。為探討無性繁殖可能產生之遺傳變異，分別以兩個塊根用（台農66號及桃園1號）及兩個葉菜用甘藷品種（桃園2號及台農71號）為材料，分析相同品種不同植株之ISSR分子標誌之差異，各個參試品種調查約2,640~3,510個分子標誌，發現品種內約有0.94％∼1.86％之ISSR分子標誌變異。另外由16對葉綠體引子中選出四對葉綠體引子，得到七個多型性分子標誌供建立指紋資料及品種之遺傳歧異性分析，經比對品種來源與分群結果，確定其具有追蹤母本來源之效果；13對粒線體引子並未產生品種間長度多型性分子標誌，由nad7/1-2 (M5)引子對之產物經定序分析，結果顯示在840 bp序列中有個單一核苷酸變換位置(A或T)，依據此一變異可將參試品種分為兩大群，其中T群主要包含早期由日本、中國大陸引進之品種、台灣地區在來品種以及少部分台灣早期育成之品種，而A群則大部分為台灣新育成之品種。由於葉菜用甘藷品種台農71號以及桃園2號皆具有相同之三種分子標誌指紋，表示其可能來自相同之營養繁殖系。本研究所建立甘藷品種之核內及細胞質DNA分子指紋資料將可供甘藷品種鑑定、品種繁殖及品種改良之參考。Sweet potato is one of the most important crops in Taiwan due to its broad utilization and excellent adaptation ability to the environment. Because the number of phenotypic markers were not enough to identify a number of varieties, and to evaluate genetic diversity of sweet potato germplasm, the molecular markers were applied in this study. Eighty-one informative markers detecting difference among varieties were proposed after the screen of 100 primers. And 23 out of these markers with strong bands were used to analyze the genetic diversity among them. High genetic diversity among investigated varieties was found. Results of genetic similarity analysis revealed the genetic distance among varieties was range from 12.5 % to 94.4 %, and the averaged distance was 54.9 %. However, large genetic distance between varieties developed in Taiwan and introduced from China was observed both in cluster analysis and principal component coordinate analysis. In order to detect somatic variation resulted from vegetative propagation, individual plants from 2 varieties (TNG 66 and TAY 1) for tube production and 2 (TNG 71 and TAY 2) for leaf production were tested with ISSR markers. About 0.94 % ~1.86 % of ISSR DNA variation for each variety was detected from 2640~3510 surveyed markers. Four pairs of cpDNA primers producing polymorphic markers were selected from 16 pairs of universal primers. And 7 polymorphic markers amplified by these 4 primers were used to establish DNA fingerprints and to analyze genetic diversity among sweet potato varieties. The application of cpDNA markers in tracing female parents was verified. No polymorphic markers was found in testing 13 pairs of mtDNA primers. Nevertheless, one singal nucleotide difference (A/T) was found in an 840 bp fragment amplified by the nad7/1-2 (M5) primer pairs. The sequence difference could separate the sweet potato varieties developed in Taiwan from the others. From the results of ISSR DNA, cpDNA and mtDNA (M5) sequence analysis, two varieties (TNG 71 and TAY 2) for leaf production were probably derived from same clones. The nuclear and cytoplasmic DNA fingerprints developed in this study would provide information for variety identification, clonal propagation, and genetic improvement of sweet potato.中文摘要••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••iv
英文摘要••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••vi
一、前言 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••1
二、前人研究 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••5
三、材料與方法•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••11
(一)甘藷品種ISSR DNA指紋資料庫之建立••••••••••••••••11
(二)甘藷品種ISSR DNA遺傳相似性分析••••••••••••••••• 19
(三)甘藷品種ISSR分子標誌之主成份向量分析•••••••••••••• 20
(四)甘藷品種ISSR分子標誌鑑定流程之建立•••••••••••••••20
(五)甘藷品種內遺傳變異之探討 •••••••••••••••••••••20
(六)甘藷品種葉綠體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••21
(七)甘藷品種粒線體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••22
四、試驗結果 •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••25
(一)甘藷品種ISSR DNA指紋資料庫之建立••••••••••••••••25
(二)甘藷品種ISSR DNA遺傳相似性分析•••••••••••••••••30
(三)甘藷品種ISSR分子標誌之主成份向量分析••••••••••••••35
(四)甘藷品種ISSR分子標誌鑑定流程之建立•••••••••••••••39
(五)甘藷品種內遺傳變異之探討 •••••••••••••••••••••41
(六)甘藷品種葉綠體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••43
(七)甘藷品種粒線體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••46
五、討論••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••48
(一)甘藷品種ISSR DNA指紋資料庫之建立 •••••••••••••••48
(二)甘藷品種ISSR DNA遺傳相似性分析•••••••••••••••••49
(三)甘藷品種ISSR分子標誌之主成份向量分析及分析流程建立
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••55
(四)甘藷品種內遺傳變異之探討 •••••••••••••••••••••56
(五)甘藷品種葉綠體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••57
(六)甘藷品種粒線體DNA長度多型性分析 ••••••••••••••••59
參考文獻••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••6
A Study of Yu-chien Jo-fen
Get PDFYü-chien 玉澗, who is as famous as Mu-chi has always been praised till our time as a painter of the “transcendental mode” of the end of the Sung Period and there are fine examples of his works, such as the fragments of the “Scroll of the Eight Views of Hsiao-hsiang” and the fragments of the “View of Lu-shan.” But we have four painters crowned with the name of Yü-chien through the Sung and Yüan Periods, and it is problematical which is the artist of the works we have. Among these four, Mêng Yü-chien i 孟玉澗, who was not a monk and who lived in the latter half of the Yüan Period, can not be and naturally has not been regarded as the artist of these works. As for Pin Yü-chien 彬玉澗, another of the four, we find a poem for his painting in an anthology of a Ch'an monk. But we have not enough material to connect this with the existing “ Yü-chien” works.
The other two are Ying Yü-chien 瑩玉澗 and Yü-chien Jo-fên 玉澗若芬. The author earlier presented a hypothetical idea that the “ Yü-chien” we have is Ying Yü-chien, a poet priest in the circle of the famous Ch'an priest Ch'ih-chüeh Tao-ch'ung 癡絶道冲. The reasons were that he was considered to have been one of the pastime painters of the Ch'an Sect, who have been thought to have encouraged ink painting at the end of the Sung Period and that all of the existing works haye Yü-chien's own poems.
However, after that, the author found several materials which convinced him that the Yü-chien we have is not Ying Yü-chien but chien Jo-fên, and here presents his new theory. It is as follows. In the anthologies of such literati as Wu Shih-tao 呉師道, Chin Lũ-hsiang 金履祥 and Wang Po 王柏, who are from Chin-hua 金華 as well as Yü-chien Jo-fên, and who were active at the end of Sung and the beginning of Yüan, he found the name of Fên Yü-chien; and there he also found the facts that he was good at simple transcendental ink painting and that he always wrote his own poem on his painting. Not only that, he made it clear that the biography of Yü-chien Jo-fên in Sung-chai-mén-pú 松斎梅譜, written by Wu Tai-su 呉太素, is a rather precise record of Jo-fên and Jo-fên's paintings as he saw and heard of them. From these facts, WEM, the author judges it more reasonable to consider this priest of the Tien-t'ai Sect from Chin-hua of Chê-ching Province as the artist of the extant works than to connect Ying Yü-chien, the poet priest, and these works. This new idea rises a new question for the student of Sung and Yüan ink painting, who generally have tended to em phasize the relationship between the Sung and Yüan ink paintings and the church of the Ch'an sect : on the one hand, it proposes a question about artists' personal taste which may, more than the religious attitude of the Chan sect, have promoted this artistic trend, and also a question about the possible relationship of this trend to the tradition of ink painting in Chê-chiang Pro vince and to the prevalance of the transcendental style in the Sung Period.journal articl
supplementary_Table_3_(1) – Supplemental material for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_Table_3_(1) for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study by Hsin-Chien Chen, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chieh-Hua Lu and Wu-Chien Chien in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research</p
supplementary_Fig1 – Supplemental material for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_Fig1 for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study by Hsin-Chien Chen, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chieh-Hua Lu and Wu-Chien Chien in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research</p
supplementary_Table_2_(3) – Supplemental material for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_Table_2_(3) for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study by Hsin-Chien Chen, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chieh-Hua Lu and Wu-Chien Chien in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research</p
supplementary_Table_1_(3) – Supplemental material for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study
No full textSupplemental material, supplementary_Table_1_(3) for Metformin decreases the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with diabetes mellitus: A 14-year follow-up study by Hsin-Chien Chen, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Chieh-Hua Lu and Wu-Chien Chien in Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research</p
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