1,721,043 research outputs found
Unselected Human Cardiosphere-derived Cells are Functionally Superior to c-Kit- or CD90-Purified Cardiosphere-derived Cells
No full text
Procedure cardiovascolari. Terapia cellulare cardiaca
No full textLe malattie cardiovascolari continuano a rappresentare la principale causa di morte e disabilità. Questo libro, dedicato a tale tema cruciale della medicina, è stato pensato per offrire uno strumento innovativo e agile a studenti di medicina, medici e specialisti, cardiologi e non, interessati ad approfondire tutti i temi principali pertinenti. La novità dell’opera rientra precisamente nella geometria dei capitoli, tutti scritti da esperti riconosciuti della materia. In particolare, il lettore vi troverà sempre all’inizio di ogni contributo un caso clinico pertinente all’argomento, quindi una sintesi del tema fisiopatologico o clinico specifico, e infine uno studio scientifico commentato, tale da metterne in luce, oltre ai risultati, uno o più aspetti metodologici di rilievo. La sezione centrale si avvicina per forma e contenuti ad altri testi di cardiologia, ma l’abbinamento caso clinico - sintesi del tema - studio scientifico costituisce una novità sostanziale
Biochemistry and biology. Heart-to-heart to investigate cardiac progenitor cells
No full textBackground: Cardiac regenerative medicine is a rapidly evolving field, with promising future developments for effective personalized treatments. Several stem/progenitor cells are candidates for cardiac cell therapy, and emerging evidence suggests how multiple metabolic and biochemical pathways strictly regulate their fate and renewal. Scope of review: In this review, we will explore a selection of areas of common interest for biology and biochemistry concerning stem/progenitor cells, and in particular cardiac progenitor cells. Numerous regulatory mechanisms have been identified that link stem cell signaling and functions to the modulation of metabolic pathways, and vice versa. Pharmacological treatments and culture requirements may be exploited to modulate stem cell pluripotency and self-renewal, possibly boosting their regenerative potential for cell therapy. Major conclusions: Mitochondria and their many related metabolites and messengers, such as oxygen, ROS, calcium and glucose, have a crucial role in regulating stem cell fate and the balance of their functions, together with many metabolic enzymes. Furthermore, protein biochemistry and proteomics can provide precious clues on the definition of different progenitor cell populations, their physiology and their autocrine/paracrine regulatory/signaling networks. General significance: Interdisciplinary approaches between biology and biochemistry can provide productive insights on stem/progenitor cells, allowing the development of novel strategies and protocols for effective cardiac cell therapy clinical translation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Biochemistry of Stem Cells. © 2012 Elsevier B.V
Cardiac mechanoperception: A life-long story from early beats to aging and failure
No full textThe life-long story of the heart starts concomitantly with primary differentiation events occurring in multipotent progenitors located in the so-called heart tube. This initially tubular structure starts a looping process, which leads to formation of the final four-chambered heart with a primary contribution of geometric and position-associated cell sensing. While this establishes the correct patterning of the final cardiac structure, it also provides feedbacks to fundamental cellular machineries controlling proliferation and differentiation, thus ensuring a coordinated restriction of cell growth and a myocyte terminal differentiation. Novel evidences provided by embryological and cell engineering studies have clarified the relevance of mechanics-supported position sensing for the correct recognition of cell fate inside developing embryos and multicellular aggregates. One of the main components of this pathway, the Hippo-dependent signal transduction machinery, is responsible for cell mechanics intracellular transduction with important consequences for gene transcription and cell growth control. Being the Hippo pathway also directly connected to stress responses and altered metabolism, it is tempting to speculate that permanent alterations of mechanosensing may account for modifying self-renewal control in tissue homeostasis. In the present contribution, we translate these concepts to the aging process and the failing of the human heart, two pathophysiologic conditions that are strongly affected by stress responses and altered metabolism
Identification and functionality of proteomes secreted by rat cardiac stem cells and neonatal cardiomyocytes
No full textIn the heart, the proteomes secreted by both cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and cardiac myocytes could act synergistically, but the identification and functionality of the proteins comprising the individual secretomes have not yet been described. In this study, we have identified proteins present in the media obtained from cultured rat CSCs and from cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and compared them with proteins identified in the media alone. Briefly, 83 unique proteins were identified after analysis by RPLC and MS. In total 49 and 23% were NRVM-specific or CSC-specific proteins, respectively, and 63% of total 83 proteins were integral plasma membrane and/or known secreted proteins. Fifteen proteins met our criteria for paracrine/autocrine factors: (i) robust protein identification, (ii) cell specific and (iii) known to be secreted. Most of these proteins have not been previously linked to stem cells. NRVM-specific proteins atrial natriuretic factor (ANP) and connective tissue growth factor, and CSC-specific protein interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 (ST2) were found to affect rat CSC proliferation. These findings suggest that relative concentration of each protein may be crucial for cellular intertalk and for the final outcome of cardiac cell therapy
β-adrenergic receptors and cardiac progenitor cell biology. What is the real connection?
No full textResident cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) isolated from small animal models may not always be representative of their human counterparts, especially when significant differences in isolation protocols are considered. Nonetheless, multiple evidences support an important role of β-adrenergic signaling in human CPC survival and commitment, which will need appropriate consideration for future developments of human CPCs as regenerative medicine tools
Cardiac progenitor cells. The matrix has you
Full text linkComponents of the cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) are synthesized by residing cells and are continuously remodeled by them. Conversely, residing cells (including primitive cells) receive constant biochemical and mechanical signals from the ECM that modulate their biology. The pathological progression of heart failure affects all residing cells, inevitably causing profound changes in ECM composition and architecture that, in turn, impact on cell phenotypes. Any regenerative medicine approach must aim at sustaining microenvironment conditions that favor cardiogenic commitment of therapeutic cells and minimize pro-fibrotic signals, while conversely boosting the capacity of therapeutic cells to counteract adverse remodeling of the ECM. In this Perspective article, we discuss multiple issues about the features of an optimal scaffold for supporting cardiac tissue engineering strategies with cardiac progenitor cells, and, conversely, about the possible antifibrotic mechanisms induced by cell therapy
- …
