296 research outputs found
THE CONCEPTUAL DISTANCES BETWEEN IDEAS IN COMBINATIONAL CREATIVITY
No full textHan, Ji; Shi, Feng; Park, Dongmyung; Chen, Liuqing; Childs, Peter R. N
Escaping the Straightjacket of Engineering Education
No full text18.12.13 KB. Ok to add accepted version to spiral, publisher has given permission
Aircraft cabin air supply and the internal air system
No full textThis paper describes systems commonly employed to deliver aircraft
cabin air, and the internal air system which is responsible for the
supply of balancing, sealing and cooling air used with the engine to
control the operation of bearings, discs and other critical components,
as well as bleed air. A series of mechanisms that could be responsible
for contamination of bleed and cabin air are considered including:
ingestion into the compressor intake of poor quality air; leakage from
a seal of oil; ingestion from the gases associated with a stall or surge
event; off-gassing of cabin fittings and emissions from occupants
Aircraft Cabin Air Supply and the Internal Air System
No full textThis paper describes systems commonly employed to deliver aircraft cabin air, and the internal air system which is responsible for the supply of balancing, sealing and cooling air used with the engine to control the operation of bearings, discs and other critical components, as well as bleed air. A series of mechanisms that could be responsible for contamination of bleed and cabin air are considered including: ingestion into the compressor intake of poor quality air; leakage from a seal of oil; ingestion from the gases associated with a stall or surge event; off-gassing of cabin fittings and emissions from occupants.This paper is part of: "2017 International Aircraft Cabin Air Conference : Conference Proceedings". In: Journal of Health and Pollution, Vol. 9, No. 24 (Dec. 2019
Using web crawler technology to support design-related web information collection in idea generation
No full text03.12.13 KB author has permission from publisher to upload PDF to spiral.Effective information gathering in problem and task related fields with which designers or design teams may not be familiar is a key part of the design process. Designers usually consult with subject experts to access expert information. An Effects Database system that includes design-related effects to provide ready access to expertise at any stage within the design process can be used to prompt areas to consider and explore. To maintain the efficiency of the system, its data must be regularly updated and new effects populated from the open source knowledge base. Web crawler technology has integrated into an information gathering and analysis system to rapidly mine design-related information from published data sources in order to update an effects database for use in design. This paper describes the effectiveness and efficiency of the system for updating the database. Comparing with manual information collection, the test results demonstrate that this system can dramatically increase the efficiency on selecting design-related information from un-restricted internet sources
The impact attenuation test of motorcycle helmet standards.
No full textIn this paper, the methods of the European
(UNECE22.05), American (FMVSS218), British
(BS6658), Australia and New Zealand (AS/NZS1698)
and Snell (M2010) standards for evaluating the impact
absorption performance of motorcycle helmets are
described and compared. The compared features are the
test apparatus, impact initial conditions, impact points,
impact output and the approval limit. This comparison
reveals that these standards adopt the same method for
evaluating the impact performance of helmets, which is
positioning the helmet on a metal headform and
dropping them onto a rigid anvil. During impact, the
linear acceleration of the centre of gravity of the
headform is measured; the approval criterion is based
on this acceleration.
Several studies on the relevance of this test method
to real-life accidents are reviewed and their main
findings are summarised. The review includes studies
on the interaction between the head and neck during
helmeted head impacts and those on assessing the
performance of helmets during oblique impacts by
using rotational acceleration, along with linear
acceleration. It appears that in both areas, more
research needs to be carried out to be able to influence
current standards
Innovation toolkit for identification of the optimal module options in open platform architecture products
No full textOpen platform architecture products (OPAP) are the
key
enablers for Product design
for Mass
Individualisation
.
It
is a new product design paradigm that comprises an open hardware
platform
,
mass
-
produced
by large manufacturers
and multiple
independent
modules
,
invented
and produced by other smaller companies and by the end
-
user
that
are integrated
with the
platform. It gives freedom to
end
-
users
to integrate different modules into the platform as per
their choice. This type of product integration will be engaged with by the all actors involved in
the design and aims to help them to be more creative and innovative. The end product will be
highly i
ndividualised and technologically advanced.
Based on
explorative literature analysis, with practical insights from an ind
ustrial questionnaire
survey, a
n
Innovation toolkit
for the
end
-
user
has been
developed
.
The
Innovation toolkit
provides a mean of sel
ecting an optimal module option for each module which will
be integrated
on
the hardware platform.
The
d
esign of the
Innovation toolkit
for OPAP has
been approached
in three different s
teps: Modelling of OPAP
, Modelling of evaluation measures and evaluatio
n
indices with
end
-
user
preferences and Identification of the optimal module options. In this
work, variations in module options for a given module
are modelled
by an AND
-
OR tree and
parameters of the nodes in this tree.
Different module options for the se
lected module are
evaluated by various evaluation measures
. These evaluation measures
are converted
into
comparable customer satisfaction indices. The optimal OPAP
is identified
by constrained
optimisation
of the overall customer satisfaction index.
Two
case stud
ies
ha
ve
been presented
to demonstrate the
effectiveness of the introduced
I
nnovation toolkit
.
These case studies
illustrate that the
I
nnovation toolkit can readily
be applied
to these types
of product
development
to obtain a highly individualise
d OPAP with optimised module option
Finite Element Modelling of a Honeycomb Reinforced Helmet
No full textThe improvement of the protection offered by
motorcycle helmets through use of non-conventional
energy absorbing materials could significantly reduce
the number of motorcyclists’ fatalities. The use of
Finite Element Analyses is of considerable importance
for the design of innovative helmets and prediction of
their shock absorption properties under a multitude of
loading conditions. This paper investigates the
modeling of a honeycomb reinforced helmet in Ls-
Dyna environment. The ECE 22.05 standard impact
tests are simulated in the front, top and rear regions of
the helmet, and the numerical outcomes are compared
to experimental results.
Overall, the model realistically reproduces the impact
response of the helmets. Particularly good agreement
with experimental results is observed from impacts in
the front and rear regions, against the kerbstone anvil.
However, finite element results obtained from impacts
in the crown region highlight the limitation of the
strategy adopted in the present research, suggesting that
further work is needed to improve the modeling of the
helmet
An EEG-based method to decode cognitive factors in creative processes
No full textNeurotechnology has been applied to gain insights on creativity-related cognitive factors. Prior research has identified relations between cognitive factors and creativity qualitatively; while quantitative relations, such as the relative importance of cognitive factors and creativity, have not been fully determined. Therefore, taking the creative design process as an example, this study using electroencephalography (EEG) aims to objectively identify how creativity-related cognitive factors of retrieval, recall, association, and combination contribute to creativity. The theoretical basis for an EEG-based decoding method to objectively identify which cognitive factors occur in a creative process is developed. Thirty participants were recruited for a practical study to verify the reliability of the decoding method. Based on the methodology, relationships between the relative importance level of the cognitive factor and creative output quality levels were detected. Results indicated that the occurrence of recall and association are reported with a high reliability level by the decoding method. The results also indicated that association is the dominant cognitive factor for higher creative output quality levels. Recall is the dominant cognitive factor for lower creative output quality levels
Towards Mass Individualisation: setting the scope and industrial implication
No full textWithin the last few years, a need for renewed product personalisation has been observed in some markets such as consumer electronics, fashion to meet the exact demands of the customers. Product customisation emphasises the fulfilment of explicit requirements of a defined market segment, but product individualisation targets at satisfying the particular needs of a customer. Mass Individualisation (MI) is a new product design approach comprising of an open hardware platform and multiple modules to be integrated with the platform. It gives freedom to end-users to integrate different modules into the platform as per their choice. Technological and strategic integration of all actors involved in the design process is the primary focus of this research. This paper identifies key areas which need to be focussed on to realise this approach and convert it into an industrial practice by an explorative study of existing product design and customisation approaches. An industrial survey was conducted, and results for the industrial implication and insights on this approach are presented. The findings show that the end product from product design for MI will be more creative and innovative by the networking of all actors, and offers more individualised and technologically advanced products
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