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The political role of the people's liberation army 1949-1973
Get PDFThis thesis is to study the political role of the People's Liberation Army from the approach of structure and function. The framework of the thesis consists of three major parts, first, the influence of Chinese traditional political culture on, and the formation of, the political role of the PL A; second, the influence of domestic political struggles and external military conflicts on the development of the political role of the PLA; and the third, the analysis of the transition of the PLA's political role from the structure and personnel arrangements of the CCPCC Within the above-mentioned three scopes, this thesis make a thorough discussion on the following: (1) The relationship between the structure of the PRC and the formation of the PLA's political role; (2) How has ideology influenced the army's political role; (3) What is Mao's viewpoint and his influence on the development of the army's political role; (4) What is the link between the army and the party, and how has this developed; (6) What accounts for the expansion of the PLA's political functions; (7) What is the influence of political factional struggles on the PLA's political role; (8) Is it political institution or military institution that controls the recruitment of the military elite; (9) What are the disparities between the military elite in handling international conflicts and what are their political considerations; (10) What is the Party's position in the army; (11) How have the Party’s important meetings and personnel arrangements influenced the rise and fall of the PLA's political role
Eutetrapha lini Chou, Chung & Lin 2010
No full textEutetrapha lini Chou, Chung & Lin, 2010 Figs. 122, 153 f & 153g Eutetrapha lini Chou, Chung & Lin, 2010: 313, figs. 1–16. Type locality: China, Taiwan, Taitung County, Soca. Type depository: NMNST. Eutetrapha lini; Lin, 2015: 276, figs. 1859432–434. Description. Male: length: 13.2–14.0 mm, humeral width: 4.2–4.4 mm. Female: length: 13.8–16.0 mm, humeral width: 4.7–5.3 mm. Details refer to Chou et al. (2010). Diagnosis. This species differs from Paraglenea spp. by male with only anterior claws of pro- and mesotarsi appendiculate, remainders all simple (all male claws in Paraglenea appendiculate). It is similar to Eutetrapha chrysochloris (Bates, 1879), but can be distinguished by metallic blue to purple blue scales, larger and sparser elytral punctures, almost rounded black arc on apical half of elytra, hardly visible elytral apical tooth at the outer angle, etc., and on genitalia distinguished by stouter lateral lobes of tegmen, nearly rounded apex of ventral plate etc. Remarks. Eutetrapha lini is a nocturnal species, being attracted by light trap. We believe it is probably monophagous (Chou et al. 2010). Distribution. China: Taiwan. Type specimens: Holotype male, Taiwan, Taitung county, Soca, 22°15′N, 120°50′E, 2009. V.16, leg. Yi-Ting Chung (NMNST). Paratypes: 1 female, Taitung county, Soca, 1999. VII.7, leg. Wenhsin Lin (NMNST, ex CWSL); 1 female, Taitung county, Soca, Da-Ren Hsiang (township), alt. 500 m, 2006. VI.30, leg. WenI Chou (CWIC); 3 males 3 females, Taitung county, Soca, 2009. V.16, leg. Yiting Chung (1 female in CYTC, 1 male 2 females in IZAS, 1 male in CWIC, 1 male in CWSL); 2 females, same data but 2009. IV.29 (1 female in CCCC, 1 female in NMNST); 1 male, same data but 2009. IV.23 (CCCC); 1 male, same data but 2009. IV.2 (CYTC).Published as part of Lin, Mei-Ying, Bi, Wen-Xuan & Yang, Xing-Ke, 2017, A revision of the genus Eutetrapha Bates (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Saperdini), pp. 151-202 in Zootaxa 4238 (2) on pages 188-189, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4238.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/34519
The Hanlimwŏn Academy under the Early Koryŏ Dynasty ―― In Relation to the han lin hsüeh shih and the chih chih kao of the Sung China
Get PDFUnder the early kings of the Koryŏ Dynasty, royal rescripts were drafted at the office of Wŏnbongsung, but later the Sung Chinese institutions of the han lin hsüeh shih and the chih chih kao were introduced in the form hanlim haksa and chijego. The Sung han lin hsüeh shih was an important post from which to rise to those of a prime minister (tsai hsiang) or a cabinet minister (chih sheng), while the chih chih kao was a post one filled before becoming a han lin hsüeh shih. It was not much different with the Koryŏ hanlim haksa and jijego. The Koryŏ Hanlimwŏn Academy had a pansa whose post was concurrently held by the prime minister, a feature that is not found in the Sung Han-lin-yüan Academy. In addition to the hanlim haksa, the Koryŏ Hanlimwŏn had the posts of hanlim sitok haksa and hanlim sigang haksa, which corresponded to the Sung han lin shih tu hsüeh shih, and han lin shih chiang hsüeh shih that belonged, not to the Han-lin-yüan, but to the Pi-ko. The Hanlimwŏn also had the chikhanlimwŏn, corresponding to the Sung chih hsüeh shih yüan, but his rank was considerably lower. In the Sung almost all men on the staff at the Han-lin-yüan had started their career as chin shih; in the early Koryŏ, too, there were more and more former chinsa at the Hanlimwŏn. Usually the chinsa who had passed the examinations at the head of his class was immediately appointed chikhanlimwŏn; then he would rise through the posts of jijego, hanlim sitok haksa, hanlim sigang haksa, hanlim haksa, and, finally, became a prime minister.The Sung chih chih kao belonged to the She-jen-yüan. The Koryŏ jijego were of two kinds, nae jijego and oe jijego; the former posts were mostly filled by the staff of the Hanlimwŏn, while the latter by other officials. The oe jijego appears to have belonged to the Kowŏn.The Sung han lin hsüeh shih was employed by the emperor in drafting imperial rescripts and orations at palace sacrifices, a duty that was referred to as “nai chih”. The chih chih kao drafted other documents at the orders of the Chung-shu-sheng, which was known as “wai chih”. It was not the same in the Koryŏ, where the royal rescripts and sacrificial orations corresponding to the Sung nei chih were not necessarily drafted by the hanlim haksa, with the jijego frequently serving in his stead. In the Koryŏ, diplomatic correspondences addressed to the rulers of the Sung, the Liao and the Chin were of vital importance. Those documents, known as pyo, were usually drafted by the hanlim haksa, but at times it was also done by the jijego.journal articl
Table_S5 – Supplemental material for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S5 for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression by Chih-Chung Liu, Hoong-Chien Lee, Yi-Shian Peng, Ailun Heather Tseng, Jia-Lin Wu, Wei-Yuan Tsai, Chih-Shung Wong and Li-Jen Su in CARTILAGE</p
sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359221113278 – Supplemental material for Comparison of afatinib and erlotinib combined with bevacizumab in untreated stage IIIB/IV epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients: a multicenter clinical analysis study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-tam-10.1177_17588359221113278 for Comparison of afatinib and erlotinib combined with bevacizumab in untreated stage IIIB/IV epidermal growth factor receptor-mutated lung adenocarcinoma patients: a multicenter clinical analysis study by Suey-Haur Lee, Yu-Ching Lin, Li-Chung Chiu, Jia-Shiuan Ju, Pi-Hung Tung, Allen Chung-Cheng Huang, Shih-Hong Li, Yueh-Fu Fang, Chih-Hung Chen, Scott Chih-Hsi Kuo, Chin-Chou Wang, Cheng-Ta Yang and Ping-Chih Hsu in Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology</p
Table_S4 – Supplemental material for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S4 for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression by Chih-Chung Liu, Hoong-Chien Lee, Yi-Shian Peng, Ailun Heather Tseng, Jia-Lin Wu, Wei-Yuan Tsai, Chih-Shung Wong and Li-Jen Su in CARTILAGE</p
Table_S1 – Supplemental material for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression
No full textSupplemental material, Table_S1 for Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Novel Genes Associated with Cartilage Degeneration in Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis Progression by Chih-Chung Liu, Hoong-Chien Lee, Yi-Shian Peng, Ailun Heather Tseng, Jia-Lin Wu, Wei-Yuan Tsai, Chih-Shung Wong and Li-Jen Su in CARTILAGE</p
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