1,721,444 research outputs found
Overview and performance assessment of the clustering methods for electrical load pattern grouping
No full textIn the current structure of the electricity business, distribution and supply services have been unbundled in many jurisdictions. As a consequence of unbundling, electricity supply to customers is now provided on a competitive basis. In this context, the electricity suppliers need to get accurate information on the actual behaviour of their customers for setting up dedicated commercial offers. Customer grouping on the basis of consumption pattern similarity is likely to provide effective results. This paper provides an overview of the clustering techniques used to establish suitable customer grouping, included in a general scheme for analysing electrical load pattern data. The characteristics of the various stages of the customer grouping procedure are illustrated and discussed, providing links to relevant literature references. The specific aspect of assessing the performance of the clustering algorithms for load pattern grouping is then addressed, showing how the parameters used to formulate different clustering methods impact on the clustering validity indicators. It emerges that the clustering methods able to isolate the outliers exhibit the best performance. The implications of this result on the use of the clustering methods for electrical load pattern grouping from the operator's point of view are discussed
Data Consistency for Data-Driven Smart Energy Assessment
Full text linkIn the smart grid era, the number of data available for different applications has increased considerably. However, data could not perfectly represent the phenomenon or process under analysis, so their usability requires a preliminary validation carried out by experts of the specific domain. The process of data gathering and transmission over the communication channels has to be verified to ensure that data are provided in a useful format, and that no external effect has impacted on the correct data to be received.
Consistency of the data coming from different sources (in terms of timings and data resolution) has to be ensured and managed appropriately. Suitable procedures are needed for transforming data into knowledge in an effective way. This contribution addresses the previous aspects by highlighting a number of potential issues and the solutions in place in different power and energy system, including the generation, grid
and user sides. Recent references, as well as selected historical references, are listed to support the illustration of the conceptual aspects
Sustainability challenges for future energy systems
No full textSustainability is the comprehensive paradigm on the basis of which it is possible to assess the perspectives of future evolution of all anthropogenic activities, including energy system exploitation and relations with the environment. This paper discusses some conceptual aspects concerning the many components that must be taken into account in order to address sustainability issues properly. These components belong to different fields of knowledge and application, ranging from technical and economic issues to a wider set of entries including production organization and quality, risk management, ecology, social, equity and diversity issues. Energy efficiency and climate change concepts are recalled to provide indications on the current status and envisioned perspectives in the corresponding areas. The discussion is then widened to address the critical points emerging in the definition of sustainability indicators. Specific references are made to recent scientific papers and regulatory documents of the European Union and various international organization
Le Smart City: sfide e opportunità per un futuro sostenibile
Full text linkIl contesto della Smart City è estremamente più ampio delle Smart Grid. Si estende a diver- si tipi di infrastrutture e a una visione integrata dell’energia, dei trasporti, delle tecnologie per le comunicazioni e per il trattamento dei dati, della gestione sanitaria e amministrativa, fino agli aspetti sociali e ai servizi per i cittadini. Anche in questo caso, il termine Smart City non viene definito né tradotto, considerando la vastità delle finalità e delle applicazioni. L’obiettivo di una Smart City è migliorare la qualità della vita, l’efficienza dei servizi e la competitività nel funzionamento e nell’amministrazione della città. Questo obiettivo può essere perseguito cer- cando di raggiungere una sempre migliore economia di scala nello sviluppo delle tecnologie, per fare in modo che il miglioramento dei servizi possa portare, oltre all’aumento della qua- lità percepita dalla popolazione, reali risparmi economici per i cittadini.
L’organizzazione delle Smart City deve tenere conto della tendenza all’urbanizzazione sem- pre più estesa, fino alle megalopoli già presenti in alcuni Paesi, soprattutto extraeuropei. Le sfide delle Smart City riguardano la riduzione non solo dei consumi energetici, ma anche del consumo di acqua, delle emissioni di inquinanti, del traffico urbano e della produzione di rifiuti non riutilizzabili
Valutazione del rischio di collasso della tensione nei sistemi elettrici di potenza con metodi di analisi stazionaria
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