123 research outputs found
Hybrid catalysts based on N-heterocyclic carbene anchored on hierarchical zeolites
No full textWith the aim of preparing Class II hybrid, based on strong chemical bonds between the organic and inorganic building units, hierarchical inorganic zeotypes, which retain the bulky microporous structure but possess an additional mesoporous network improving mass transport to internal active sites, represent a viable alternative to microporous and mesoporous materials to host organic functionalities, rendering a new and promising class of organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts to perform cascade and tandem reactions. The high mechanical and thermal stability of hierarchical materials, as well as their resistance to structural changes in the presence of organic reactants and solvents, ensure flexibility in the grafting methodologies and in a wide range of applications. Moreover, the possibility of tuning their textural hydrophobic/hydrophilic and acidic properties, together with the speciation of the active sites, allow to maximise conversion and selectivity towards the desired products. In light of the foregoing, the Ph.D. research activity was initially focused on the optimization of different synthetic strategies to prepare hierarchical zeotype catalysts. Subsequently, optimised hierarchical materials were selected and used as inorganic support to covalently anchor different organic functionalities. The as-obtained hierarchical porous organic-inorganic hybrid catalysts were deeply characterized, using a multi technique approach and their catalytic activity was evaluated in industrially-relevant reactions. Alongside, in order to get a deeper insight in the nature of organic-inorganic interface in hybrid materials, the influence of silicodactyly (i.e. number of hydrolysable alkoxy groups used by the organosilane to grab the inorganic surface) and silicopodality (i.e. number of alkyl chains through which the organosilane is anchored to the surface) in the design of a Class II hybrid catalyst was investigated through a combined experimental and computational approach
Diritti fondamentali e diritto internazionale privato dell’Unione europea nella prospettiva dell’adesione alla CEDU
No full textFive Thousand Years of Statistics: An Historical Overview from the Origins to the Twentieth Century
No full textThe origin of Statistics can be found in ancient times, even though the origin of modern Statistics as an
independent science dates to the XVII century. Its rise and evolution are not very different from other
sciences: it began as a practical activity, aimed at the solution of concrete problems, and then developed in a
theoretical reflection (Leti, 2000). Today Statistics is not considered just a tool for good government, but it
can also help to improve the living conditions of the population because of its multiple interactions with
other sciences. This paper describes the development path of Statistics from its origins to the present day,
through a look on its main protagonists
The general rule applicable to torts, party autonomy and «specialized» conflict-of-law provisions in the Rome II Regulation
No full textThe paper discusses the main provisions of the European Union’s Regulation on tort conflicts (“Rome II”), by analyzing (i) the range of PIL techniques employed by the Regulation and (ii) its inspiring objectives. The need for legal certainty and foreseeability as to the law applicable permeates the whole Regulation and more specifically it motivates (a) the list of the issues which are governed by the lex delicti, as well as (b) the choice – within the general rule – of the connecting criterion based upon the locus damni. On the other hand, the will to «treat individual cases in an appropriate manner» has led to the introduction of exceptions to the general rule in relation to predetermined situations, such as the so called isolated torts, as well as to the provision of a more general and flexible power of the judge to determine the manifestly closer connection (through the escape clause). The establishment – as well as the preservation – of a reasonable balance among the parties has inspired not only the provision of special conflict-of-law rules (recital n. 19), but also the choice of the locus damni as the main connecting criterion (the fairness of such solution for the purposes of reaching a reasonable balance among the parties is extensively analysed in the paper), as well as the provision of peculiar limitations to the choice of the law applicable, in cases where weaker parties are involved. The safeguard of particular material interests deserving a special degree of protection is finally shown, for instance, by art. 7 concerning liability for environmental damage. In the light of the above, the paper underlines that the «system» of conflict-of-law rules laid down by Rome II Regulation appears to be particularly noteworthy in so far as it aims – by means of a remarkable range of solutions and techniques – at promoting several interests and objectives which are not always reciprocally consistent. Nonetheless, the real capacity of the Regulation to achieve such ambitious objectives will only be effectively assessable in the light of its future and broader application by the national courts. Paola Ivaldi is the author of paragraphs 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8
Civil Liability for Health Damages and Uniform Rules of Private International Law
No full textThe present contribution explores the attitude of uniform rules of private international law towards the achievement of the objective of health protection. As far as the rules on jurisdiction are concerned, the author – starting from an analysis of the international case-law involving health damages caused by multinational enterprises – focuses on the role that both the general forum provided by Article 4 of Regulation No 1215/2012 and the criterion of locus commissi delicti employed by Article 7(3) of the same Regulation might play for the purpose of health protection.
Attention is then turned to the conflict-of-law rules and more specifically to Article 5 of Regulation No 864/2007 and to the balance which such provision would be supposed to strike, according to Recital 20 of said Regulation, among different values including protection of consumers’ health. The article finally deals with the issue of recognition/exequatur of decisions concerning health damages and in particular of judgments awarding punitive damages, by critically assessing the Italian case-law on such issue, also in the light of the recent ruling of the Plenary Session of the Court of Cassation
Diritto dell'Unione europea e processo costituzionale (EU Law and the procedure before the Constitutional Court)
No full textThe paper illustrates the findings of the research financed under the Research Project of Relevant National Interest (PRIN) prot. n. 200832PPPJ, on the issue of “European integration through Procedural Law", which the author coordinated from 2012 as National and Local Unit Supervisor. In this perspective, the paper firstly underlines that the role of the Italian Constitutional Court has been increasingly restrained not only by EU rules having direct effects, but also by general principles to which the Court of Justice grants the same effects, as long as they justify «in any case» the disapplication of inconsistent national rules. Starting from this finding, the paper points out that the Constitutional Court gives nonetheless broad consideration to EU law issues and shows, in so doing, a remarkable opening towards «external» sources of law, as the constitutional judgment No. 80/2011 clearly confirms. In this view, the Court has recently suggested that the provisions of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights could work as «special» parameters (“norme interposte”) for the purpose of constitutional review of legislation, in order to ensure an adequate level of protection to the rights thereby established. In the same view, the Court has also significantly rethought its relation with the European Court of Justice and it has referred to the ECJ both questions of interpretation and of validity of EU law, although so far only in the course of «principal» proceedings (i.e. proceedings started by the State or other «privileged» applicants) and not yet in the course of «incidental» proceedings (i.e. proceedings concerning questions raised by national courts), despite the unanimous opinion of legal scholarship. The Constitutional Court has finally asserted its capability to play a role within the European integration process by reserving its power (through the application of the so-called counter-limits theory) to review the Italian legislation implementing the European Treaties in the unlikely hypotheses of their contrast with the fundamental principles of the national constitutional order or with the fundamental rights of the individuals
A Zero-Touch as-a-Service Active Monitoring Framework for Virtualized Network Environments
No full textIn order to fulfill the stringent requirements of 5G applications, measuring the performance of the VNFs composing the network slices is crucial to identify potential bottlenecks of the networks. However, since the VNF behavior is time varying and strongly depends on the infrastructure and hosting execution environment, the traditional traffic generators are not suited for the evaluation as their overhead, both in terms of deployment time and code complexity, may affect the results to the point of corruption. In order to overcome this issue, this paper presents a software traffic generator, based on TRex and executed in a VNF, which leverages on an automation framework to provide zero-touch as-a-Service active monitoring. Results show that the impact of this solution on the measured performance is negligible in terms of deployment time as well as required input line
SICUREZZA E DIRITTI FONDAMENTALI: ANTITESI O BINOMIO?
No full textThe analysis focuses on counter-terrorism measures adopted by democratic countries in response to the 9/11 attacks and up to nowadays to fight international terrorism. The aim of this work is to discuss whether the idea of security has changed over the years due to the terrorist threat
Hybrid catalysts based on N-heterocyclic carbene anchored on hierarchical zeolites
No full textHybrid materials have been synthesized by anchoring a N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursor on different inorganic zeolitic supports with hierarchical porosity, in particular hierarchical HZSM-5 and SAPO-5. Hierarchical porous inorganic supports have been obtained both by top-down and bottom-up approaches and the role of hierarchical porosity has been evaluated. A detailed physico-chemical characterization has been performed on the organic–inorganic hybrids using a multi-technique approach (XRD, volumetric and thermogravimetric analysis, ssNMR and FTIR) in order to establish a structure–property relationship. The hybrids were tested in the benzoin condensation reaction of furfural, a base catalyzed reaction
- …
