1,721,030 research outputs found
PSYCHOMETRIC TESTS AND RISK FACTORS FOR SCREENING OF MOOD DISORDERS IN PREGNANCY AND POST-PARTUM: A PRELIMINARY STUDY.
No full textPregnancy and childbirth are events of intense biological work as an hard psychological
mobilization. Anxiety and sadness reactions are common in these periods, so that some
patients develop mood disorders, such as postpartum depression, bipolar disorder,
puerperal psychosis. Aim of this study is to determine sensitive and specific psychometric
tests and risk factors for the prevention of these conditions. A group of patients was
recruited during pregnancy (169 patients), at 2-3 days (69 patients) and 4-6 weeks after
birth (12 patients at present), submitting two psychometric tests (EPDS and HCL-32) and a
questionnaire for the analysis of risk factors. In pregnancy, 14.1% of the sample were
positive at EPDS test and 39.6% at HCL-32. 2-3 days after birth: 17.4% of patients were
positive at EPDS test and 43.5% at HCL-32. At 4-6 weeks postpartum evaluation: 33.3%
of the sample were positive at EPDS test, 16.7% at HCL-32. Risk factors significantly
associated with positivity for postpartum EPDS resulted: "previous induced abortion" (p =
0.004), "previous miscarriages" (p = 0.028), "previous psychiatric treatment" (p = 0.028)
"positive EPDS test before birth "(p = 0.006). "Being in Italy for less than 6 months" is
associated with both positive tests EPDS (p raw = 0.001) and HCL-32 (p = 0.032).
These preliminary results show that psychometric tests should be used not only in postpartum, but also in pregnancy as an instrument of prevention
of mood disorders and postpartum depression in the presence of significant risk factors. Further
consideration will need a sample of more
patients
Emerging strategies and clinical recommendations for the management of novel depression subtypes
No full textIntroduction: The phenomenology of depression is characterized by a wide array of emotional, cognitive, and physical symptoms that significantly disrupt an individual’s life. Societal changes, driven by technological advancements, economic pressures, environmental concerns including climate change, and shifting cultural norms, have influenced how depression manifests and is understood. These developments have led to the identification of new depression subtypes, highlighting the need for personalized treatment approaches based on individual symptoms and underlying causes. Areas covered: The authors provide a comprehensive narrative review of the literature on managing novel depression subtypes, focusing on both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Specifically, scenarios recorded were related to i) depression in adolescents and young adults; ii) depression and social disconnection; iii) depression and alcohol/substance use disorder; iv) depression and gender dysphoria; v) depression, stressful events, and other environmental factors. Expert opinion: In the novel depression subtypes discussed, individualized treatment approaches tailored to the individual’s specific circumstances are necessary. While selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) remain the cornerstone of treatment for many forms of depression, atypical antidepressants such as trazodone, and emerging therapies like ketamine, neuromodulation techniques, and personalized psychotherapy offer hope for those with complex or treatment-resistant presentations
Clinical Insights and Strategies to Managing Depression Subtypes Associated with Tobacco dependence: A Response to the Letter to the Editor
No full textExploring emerging psychopathological characteristics and challenges of novel depression subtypes: insights from the literature
No full textBackground: Depression is a widespread global health issue, significantly impacting all areas of life and is a leading cause of disability. Societal changes, including technological and cultural shifts, and the emergence of new psychoactive substances, have influenced how depression manifests, introducing new clinical dimensions and challenges in its understanding and treatment. Summary: This review summarizes from a psychopathological and clinical point of view the most important features related to novel depression subtypes, specifically: I) Early-onset depression; II) Depression and social disconnection; III) Depression and Alcohol/Substance Use Disorder; IV) Depression and Gender Dysphoria; V) Depression, stressful events, and other environmental factors. For each domain, the available research evidence is summarized, starting from theoretical contributions to the relevant psychopathological descriptors with special attention to issues relevant for the clinical practice. Key messages: Overall, the phenomenology of depression is currently enriched by new symptomatology entities, including the dimensions of boredom, shame, fatigue, alexithymia, and emotional dysregulation. Those symptoms prevail in different novel subtypes of depression deserving in the clinical practice special attention and focused interventions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Bridge Between Classical and "Synthetic"/Chemical Psychoses: Towards a Clinical, Psychopathological, and Therapeutic Perspective
Full text linkThe critical spread and dissemination of novel psychoactive substances (NPS), particularly among the most vulnerable youngsters, may pose a further concern about the psychotic trajectories related to the intake of new synthetic drugs. The psychopathological pattern of the "new psychoses" appears to be extremely different from the classical presentation. Therefore, clinicians need more data on these new synthetic psychoses and recommendations on how to manage them. The present mini-review aims at deepening both the clinical, psychopathological features of synthetic/chemical NPS-induced psychoses and their therapeutic strategies, according to the different NPS classes implicated, by underlining the main differences with the "classical" psychoses. A comprehensive review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline database by combining the search strategy of free-text terms and exploding a range of MESH headings relating to the topics of novel psychoactive substances and synthetic/chemical psychoses as follows: {(Novel Psychoactive Substances[Title/Abstract]) AND Psychosis[Title/Abstract])} and for each NPS categories as well, focusing on synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones, without time and/or language restrictions. Finally, an overview of the main clinical and psychopathological features between classical versus NPS-induced chemical/synthetic psychoses is provided for clinicians working with dual disorders and addiction psychiatry. Further insight is given here on therapeutic strategies and practical guidelines for managing patients affected with synthetic/chemical NPS-induced psychoses
The use of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in young people and their role in mental health care: a systematic review
Full text linkIntroduction: Over the past 10 years, a large number of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) have entered the recreational drug scenario. NPS intake has been associated with health-related risks, and especially so for vulnerable populations such as the youngsters. Currently, most knowledge on the NPS health effects is learnt from both a range of users' reports, made available through the psychonauts' web fora, and from the few published, related toxicity, clinical observations. Areas covered: This paper aims at providing an overview of NPS effects on youngsters' mental health, whilst performing a systematic review of the current related knowledge. Expert opinion: NPS consumption poses serious health risks, due to both a range of unpredictable clinical pharmacological properties and the typical concomitant use of other psychoactive molecules; overall, this can lead to near misses and fatalities. In comparison with adults, the central nervous system of children/adolescents may be more vulnerable to the activity of these molecules, hence raising even further the levels of health-related concerns. More research is needed to provide evidence of both short- and long-term effects of NPS, related health risks, and their addiction potential
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