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    Photochemical stability of partially fluorinated acrylic protective coatings. IV. Copolymers of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate and methyl alfa-trifluoromethyl acrylate with vinyl ethers

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    The photochemical stability of copolymers of 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate with butyl vinyl ether (TFEMA/BVE) and of methyl alpha-trifluoromethyl acrylate with 2-ethylhexyl vinyl ether, has been investigated under artificial solar light irradiation. In both copolymers, as well as in a reference ethyl methacrylate/BVE copolymer, the photoageing behaviour is controlled by the reactivity of the corresponding ether component. The degradation occurs mainly in the tertiary positions of the ether units, followed either by formation of gamma-lactones or by chain scissions. Only in the case of TFEMA/BVE does the fluorinated methyl of the side chain have an influence on the degradation pathways, i.e. a clear inhibition of cyclization

    Leaf compressions from the late miocene sections of NW Italy: Research on an efficient, easy and quick consolidation treatment

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    Compressions of fossil leaves on marl blocks soaked with water are tricky palaeobotanic findings to deal with. In fact, this peculiarity makes the findings exposed to serious degradation: the evaporation of water causes shrinkage of the matrix and the leaf leading to fragmentation, delamination and exfoliation of the fossil, until its final disappearance. The aim of this research was to identify a consolidation method which satisfies museum needs and can be utilised for all conditions of hydration of the object. Following a survey of several natural science museums in Northern Italy, Paraloid(TM) B72 and PEG4000 along with other resins never previously used on this kind of fossil were tested. At the end of the research, two products gave adequate or good results, preserving the leaf from further degradation whatever the hydration condition of the object: the acrylic resin Paraloid(TM) B72 and a polyurethane resin
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