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    Simultaneous determination of seven inorganic anions in 18 wines samples by suppressed ion chromatography

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    An ion chromatographic (IC) method with suppressed conductivity detection (CD) was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulphite, sulphate, phosphate ions in 18 wine samples (W: white wine samples; R: red wine samples). A mixed solution of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide was used as the mobile phase. Simultaneous determination of seven inorganic anions (i.e. fluoride, chloride, nitrite, nitrate, sulphite, sulphate, phosphate) was completed in approximately 22 min. Effect of sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide concentrations in the mobile phase, effect of flow rate of mobile phase were examined. Limit of quantification was found 0.50 mg.L-1. © 2019, Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved

    The Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization: Origin, Development and Outlook

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    This paper discusses the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM); its origin, development and future outlook. It puts forward a number of proposals to make the liquidity support role of the CMIM more effective. It is further argued that the CMIM can bring about major changes to the policy institutional infrastructure of East Asia, particularly through the establishment of an Independent Surveillance Unit (ISU). The ISU can provide technical and secretariat support to financial cooperation processes in the region, which have thus far been driven by officials on a part-time basis. Consolidation of the main financial forums in the region is also proposed, specifically the Finance Minister Process and the Central Bank Process. Membership of these two processes should be expanded and unified, with the ISU providing technical and secretariat support. It is argued that regular policy meetings can be institutionalized and that this could enhance the role of East Asia in the global financial arena, whilst facilitating policy cooperation, with important regional and global implications.asian financial cooperation; asian policy cooperation; asian institutional infrastructure
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