73,238 research outputs found
Expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase and thermostable direct hemolysin by, and growth in the presence of various nitrogen and carbon sources of heat-shocked and ethanol-shocked Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
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Survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus under environmental stresses as influenced by growth phase and pre-adaptation treatment.
No full textDecentralisation and Policy Implementation: Thai Development Plans and Subdistrict Administrative Organisation (SAO) in Chiang Rai
No full textMoves to decentralise the government‘s administrative system has been one of the most important development issues in Thailand over the past two decades. These moves are seen most clearly in the establishment of the Subdistrict Administrative Organisation (SAO) across Thailand as the fundamental governing unit at the local administrative level. Decentralisation was introduced as a means of increasing the effectiveness of local government, promoting the transmission of power to the local people and encouraging greater local participation in policy making. The Ninth National Economic and Social Development Plan (2002-2006) promoted the development of the SAO to strengthen local government. The main purposes of decentralisation have been to balance the development of human, social, economic and environmental resources so as to achieve sustainable people-centred development, and promote the role of officials at the local level to increase the power of local government. The thesis examines implementation of this policy, drawing from theories on implementation in terms of 'top-down' and 'bottom-up' approaches, and policy implementation failure. Propositions are derived from these theories for testing in the research. The combination of the two approaches offers insights into key factors in policy implementation and what is needed to achieve better policy implementation. This study focuses on 1) the capacity of an SAO to implement the policies set out by central government, 2) the capacity of staff to determine and implement the policy, 3) the adequacy of revenue available to the SAO for policy implementation, 4) the extent of autonomy from central government to the SAO in providing public services, and 5) the nature and extent of participation by the people in Chiang Rai province in issues of policy formulation and implementation. Staff drawn from 45 government agencies at three different levels (central, provincial and local levels) in Chiang Rai provide the sample group for this study. This thesis found that the concept of decentralisation in Thailand was still new for both the Thai people and officials, and that the old bureaucratic systems continued to prevail. Local governance continues to be overseen partly by appointed personnel and the SAOs still rely heavily on central government for a wide range of matters. The lack of support from central government, insufficient revenue allocated to SAOs, inadequate autonomy, and various other deficiencies have limited the implementation of the policy. This study concludes that the government must eliminate problems arising from adherence to the old bureaucratic systems at local, provincial and central government levels if the policy of decentralisation is to succeed. Further, central government must ensure that staff who implement its decentralisation policy have the capabilities and experiences to implement the policy. The government also needs to ensure that the support is provided to the SAOs for the policy implementation process if the intended goals are to be achieved
Conservation and Sustainable Use of Diversity of Wild Mushrooms at Saloung Area Mae Tang and Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province
No full textWith the collaboration of the local communities, the survey of wild mushroom species are conducted in the area of the Ban Eak, San Pa Yang, Mae Tang District, Chiang Mai and Ban Phra Bata Si Roi, Saluang, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai during April - August 2009. The aim of this study is to further promote conservation and utilization of a variety of wild mushrooms in the area Mae Tang and Mae Rim, Chiang Mai Province. From the survey and 138 samples collected in Ban Eark, San Pa Yang Local, Mae Tang District, Chiang Mai during April - July 2009, the samples were classified to 6 orders, 14 families, 19 genera, and 30 species. The samples are mostly in the second currency order Polyporales, family Polyraceae, and genus Microporus with the percentage of 43.39%, 26.92% and 15.09%, respectively. Microporus xanthopus and M. varnicipes were found the most at 6.89% out of all wild mushrooms species. Survey No. 3 (Sa3) in June has the highest value for Diversity Index and Equality Index of 2.8804 and 0.92, respectively.
In the area of four villages in Ban Phra Bata Si Roi, Saluang, Mae Rim District, Chiang Mai Province, between June - August 2009, 119 samples of wild mushrooms were classified to 9 orders, 18 families, 25 genera and 44 species. Most of the samples are in genus Lactarius, order Russulales, and family Russulaceae at 27.58%, 28.57% and 21.1%, respectively. Cantharellus odoratus are the main samples founded at 13.39% out of all wild mushrooms. The survey No. 1 (SL1) in June exhibited the highest Species Diversity Index at 2.7623. In addition, the Equality of Species Index from the survey in the month of June, July and August have similar values of 0.78, 0.80 and 0.77, respectively.การสำรวจความหลากหลายของเห็ดป่าในเขตพื้นที่หมู่บ้านเอียก ตำบลสันป่ายาง อำเภอแม่แตง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ และเขตพื้นที่หมู่บ้านพระบาทสี่รอย ตำบลสะลวง อำเภอแม่ริม จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ร่วมกับชุมชน ระหว่างเดือนเมษายน – เดือนสิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552 เพื่อศึกษาอนุรักษ์และการใช้ประโยชน์ความหลากหลายของเห็ดป่าในพื้นที่อำเภอแม่แตง และอำเภอแม่ริมจังหวัดเชียงใหม่ จากการสำรวจและเก็บตัวอย่างในพื้นที่หมู่บ้านเอียก ตำบลสันป่ายาง อำเภอแม่แตง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ระหว่างเดือนเมษายน – เดือนกรกฎาคม พ.ศ. 2552 พบเห็ดป่าทั้งหมด 138 ตัวอย่าง จัดจำแนกได้ 6 อันดับ 14 วงศ์ 19 สกุล และ 30 ชนิด ส่วนใหญ่อยู่ในอันดับ Polyporsles วงศ์ Polyraceae สกุล Microporus ร้อยละ 43.39, 26.92 และ15.09 ตามลำดับ โดยพบเห็ดกรวยทองตากู (Microporus xanthopus) และ เห็ดพัดแพรวาว (M. varnicipes) มากที่สุด จากร้อยละ 6.89 ของเห็ดป่าทั้งหมด การสำรวจครั้งที่ 3 (Sa3) เดือนมิถุนายน มีค่าดัชนีความหลากหลายและดัชนีความเท่าเทียมของชนิดเห็ดป่ามากที่สุด เท่ากับ 2.8804 และ 0.92 ตามลำดับพื้นที่สำรวจความหลากหลายของเห็ดป่าในเขตพื้นที่หมู่บ้านพระบาทสี่รอย ตำบลสะลวง อำเภอแม่ริม จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ระหว่างเดือนมิถุนายน – เดือนสิงหาคม พ.ศ. 2552 พบเห็ดป่าทั้งหมด 119 ตัวอย่าง จัดจำแนกได้ 9 อันดับ 18 วงศ์ 25 สกุล 44 ชนิด ส่วนใหญ่อยู่ในอันดับ Russulales วงศ์Russulaceae สกุล Lactarius ร้อยละ 27.58, 28.57 และ 21.1 ของเห็ดป่าทั้งหมด โดยพบเห็ดขมิ้นใหญ่หรือขมิ้นหลวง (C. odoratus) มากที่สุด ร้อยละ13.39 ของเห็ดป่าทั้งหมด จากการสำรวจครั้งที่ 1 (SL1) เดือนมิถุนายน มีค่าดัชนีความหลากหลายของชนิดเห็ดป่ามากที่สุด เท่ากับ 2.7623 และดัชนีความเท่าเทียมของชนิดเห็ดป่าจากการสำรวจระหว่างเดือน มิถุนายน-สิงหาคม มีค่าใกล้เคียงกัน คือ 0.78, 0.80 และ 0.77 ตามลำดับสำนักงานคณะกรรมการวิจัยแห่งชาติ (วช.
Enneapterygius sheni Chiang & Chen 2008
No full text251. Enneapterygius sheni Chiang & Chen, 2008:185, Figs. 1a, 1b, 2 Holotype: NTOU – P 208–06 – 366 (male, 23.0 SL), Feng –chui–sha, Hengchun township, Pingtung County, Taiwan, 3–12 m, 20 Jul. 2007, coll. M.–C. Chiang et al. Paratypes: NTOU – P 2008–06 – 359 (1, female, 20.8 SL), NTOU – P 2008–06 – 363 (1, female, 20.8 SL), NTOU – P 2008–06 – 367 (1, male, 21.3 SL), NTOU – P 2008–06 – 368 (1, male, 23.2 SL), NTOU – P 2008–06 – 369 (1, male, 21.5 SL); same data as holotype.Published as part of Ho, Hsuan-Ching & Shao, Kwang-Tsao, 2011, 2957, pp. 1-74 in Zootaxa 2957 on page 5
Research Scholar (Chiang?)
No full textResearch School of Pacific Studies - Research Scholars - Miss M. J. Steven, Dr. Ethel Drus, Dr. Paula Brown, Prof. J. A. Barnes, Dr. H. C. Brookfield, Dr. A. L. Epstein, Dr. F. J. West, Dr. G. J. R. Linge, Mr. H. E. Maude, Dr. E. S. Crawcour, Mr. T. W. Eckersley, Dr. S. A. Wurm, Mr. M. A. Jaspan, N. J. Hunter, R. L. Heathcote, Miss D. MacEachern, Mr. R. V. White, E. C. F. Bird, Mr. A. M. Healy, R. H. T. Smith, R. M. Frazer, A. Fraser, D. C. Laycock, M. R. Allen, R. D. Peranio, G. M. Appell, D. B. Howlett, J. Beckett, R. Crocombe, J. Mosley, Mrs. M. J. Retcher, P. G. Ganguly, A. Place, H. D. Chiang, M. Singarimbun, A. V. Mozley, J. J. Broomfield, B. Kent, D. Carrington, Mr. G. C. Bolton, Mr. E. P. Water
Short-term effects of air pollution and temperature on daily morbidity in Chiang Mai Thailand
No full textAir pollution is associated with mortality and morbidity worldwide. Hot and cold temperature is also related to increased deaths and possibly hospital visits and admissions in many settings. Climate change is anticipated to pose increasing risks of deaths and illnesses associated with air pollution and temperature variations, particularly in developing world. To date, research studies about health effects of air pollution and temperature have been conducted in developed countries with cool climate more than in developing countries with subtropical or tropical climate. Furthermore, studies to identify susceptible populations are still limited. This study aims to investigate heath effects of air pollution and temperature and to identify people who are more susceptible to air pollution and temperature in a developing, tropical country, Thailand.
A regression analysis of retrospective time series data was employed to assess the shortterm effects of air pollution and temperature on daily out-patient visits and hospital admissions in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from October 2002 to September 2006. Generalised negative binomial regression was used to model the relationships between the exposure and health outcomes, controlling for seasonal patterns and other possible potential confounders. Lag effects up to 4 days for air pollution, and up to 13 days for temperature were considered. Effect modification by age, sex, occupation, season, and previous out-patient visits before admissions were also examined.
There were positive, but not significant, effects of air pollution for some pollutants (particularly for S02), with notably larger effect sizes compared to previous studies in Western countries. There was evidence of hot temperature effects (though wide confidence intervals), with an increase in diabetic visits of 26.3% (95% Cl, 7.1% to 49.0%), and in circulatory visits of 19.2% (95% Cl, 7.0% to 32.8%) for each 1°C increase in temperature above 29°C. There was a rise of both the visits (3.7% increase, 95% Cl, 1.5% to 5.9%) and admissions (5.8% increase, 95% Cl, 2.3% to 9.3%) due to intestinal infectious disease for each 1°C increase across the whole temperature range. Despite no statistically significant differences between subgroups, air pollution effects were stronger in the elderly, females and manual workers, whereas temperature effects were stronger in the elderly, male and unemployed people.
This study suggests that while there was little evidence of air pollution effects, there was significant evidence of high temperature effects on daily morbidity in Chiang Mai. The elderly seemed to be more vulnerable to the daily changes of both air pollution and temperature
Lower Permian conodonts from Palaeo-Tethys Ocean Plate Stratigraphy in the Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone, northern Thailand
No full textLower Permian (lower Sakmarian) conodonts are reported from a coherent section of Ocean Plate Stratigraphy, and from a limestone block in the Palaeo-Tethys suture zone between Lamphun and Lampang, south of Chiang Mai, northern Thailand. Conodont species from both the pelagic limestones of the OPS section and the limestone block are deep-water forms with distinctive biogeographic affinities comparable to faunas of the Urals and North American Mid-Continent. A new name, Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone, is here proposed for the Palaeo-Tethys suture in northern Thailand that forms the boundary between the Sibumasu Terrane and the Sukhothai Arc terrane. The Inthanon Zone of northern Thailand is interpreted as representing a fold and thrust belt west of the Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone, which comprises Sibumasu Terrane continental margin rocks and remnant klippen of Chiang Mai-Chiang Rai Suture Zone rocks thrust as a nappe westward during the Triassic collision between Sibumasu and the Sukhothai Arc/Indochina Terrane
The Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization: Origin, Development and Outlook
No full textThis paper discusses the Chiang Mai Initiative Multilateralization (CMIM); its origin, development and future outlook. It puts forward a number of proposals to make the liquidity support role of the CMIM more effective. It is further argued that the CMIM can bring about major changes to the policy institutional infrastructure of East Asia, particularly through the establishment of an Independent Surveillance Unit (ISU). The ISU can provide technical and secretariat support to financial cooperation processes in the region, which have thus far been driven by officials on a part-time basis. Consolidation of the main financial forums in the region is also proposed, specifically the Finance Minister Process and the Central Bank Process. Membership of these two processes should be expanded and unified, with the ISU providing technical and secretariat support. It is argued that regular policy meetings can be institutionalized and that this could enhance the role of East Asia in the global financial arena, whilst facilitating policy cooperation, with important regional and global implications.asian financial cooperation; asian policy cooperation; asian institutional infrastructure
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