14,016 research outputs found
Chuang zao ji kan.
No full textMode of access: Internet.Reprint of Chʾuang tsao chi kʾan published 1922-1924
Challenging Chuang-Tzu :A Study on Kuo-Hsiang's Interpretation of Chuang-Tzu
No full text 本論文不同於一般學術史的研究，不從外在的學術發展或思想源流探討郭象的《莊子注》，而是單純從《莊子》文本的內部考察郭象注釋《莊子》的方法及其意義。 本論文第一章，討論問題意識與研究方法。筆者認為，如果想深入了解郭象為何會作出這樣的注釋，就必須了解「郭象眼中的《莊子》」為何；只有儘可能站在郭象的角度設想，才能明白他如何閱讀《莊子》，進而體悟他如此作注的理由何在。 本論文第二章，討論郭象的「寄言解讀法」。「寄言」，郭象用以說明不可將《莊子》中的某些內容信以為真，而當察其寫作之意圖何在，才能得到真正的「莊生之旨」。郭象將《莊子》一書中比較荒誕無稽的內容、及批判聖人的內容，視為「寄言」，並透過三種解讀模式的交互使用，指出《莊子》之本旨並非出世思想，亦非詆譭聖人，而是「涉俗蓋世」之談。 本論文第三章，討論郭象的「詭辭辨證法」。「詭辭」，指的是不合乎一般邏輯常識的語言表達方式。郭象認為，《莊子》之所以運用「詭辭」進行寫作，是以解消二元對立的思維為目的，以期讀者領悟「無對」的思維，以實現一「萬物獨化」的和諧世界。 本論文第四章，討論郭象的「篇章統貫法」。《莊子》一書共有三十三個篇章，各篇主題不同，有些內容亦有衝突存在；郭象為了解消這些可能存在的文意衝突，並將各個主題儘可能縮限為同一主旨，採用了「以莊解莊」的方法，為《莊子》形構出一個首尾完整且環環相扣的思想體系。 本論文第五章，全書綜論，探討「郭象眼中的《莊子》」，作出了三點總結。This study is different from common studies of Chinese academic history, which discuss Kuo-Hsiang''s Commentary on Chuang-Tzu from the perspectives of Chinese academic development or the origin of thoughts. On the contrary, this study tries to explore the methods and meanings of Kuo-Hsiang''s commentary on Chuang-Tzu within the scope of the text in Chuang-Tzu. The first chapter of this study discusses the research questions and methods. From my point of view, if we want to know why Kuo-Hsiang made such comments on Chuang-Tzu, we have to understand Chuang-Tzu from Kuo-Hsiang''s perspectives. Only by putting ourselves in Kuo-Hsiang''s shoes can we realize the reasons of his commentary on Chuang-Tzu. The second chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang''s interpretation of the“implicit contents”（chi-yen寄言） in Chuang-Tzu. Kuo-Hsiang argued that parts of the contents in Chuang-Tzu are implicit; therefore, people should understand the intention of Chuang-Tzu''s writing in order to grasp his main ideas. Kuo-Hsiang regarded the contents that seem to be ridiculous, or the contents that criticize saints as the implicit contents in Chuang-Tzu. Through using three types of interpretation models, Kuo-Hsiang indicated that the main idea of Chuang-Tzu is neither to encourage people to become hermits nor to defame saints; on the contrary, it is“to engage in the world and care for people.”（she-su-kai-shih涉俗蓋世） The third chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang''s dialectics for the paradox in Chuang-Tzu. Paradox signifies the expression that is against logic and common knowledge. Kuo-Hsiang argued that the paradox in Chuang-Tzu is aimed at eliminating binary opposition thinking and anticipating that readers understand the concept of“non-opposite”（wu-tui無對） in order to accomplish a peaceful world that“all things on earth can grow and develop spontaneously.”（wan-wu-tu-hua萬物獨化） The fourth chapter of this study discusses Kuo-Hsiang''s method of integrating the chapters in Chuang-Tzu. There are thirty-three chapters in Chuang-Tzu, and each chapter has a different topic. Besides, conflicts also exist among contents of some chapters. In order to eliminate the existing conflicts and narrow down the topics, Kuo-Hsiang adopted the method of“interpreting Chuang-Tzu in light of the contents in Chuang-Tzu.”（i-chuang-chieh-chuang以莊解莊） He then formed an intact ideology that closely connects one chapter with another in Chuang-Tzu. The last chapter reviews the whole study and discusses Chuang-Tzu from Kuo-Hsiang''s point of view. The study comes to three conclusions in the end
Exploring the moderating roles of perceived person-job fit and person-organization fit on the relationship between training investment and knowledge workers’turnover intentions" Chang, H. T.; Chi, N. W.; & Chuang, A."
No full text
David Wen-wei Chang et Richard Y. Chuang, The Politics of Hong Kong's Reversion to China
No full textHsin-Chi Kuan, Jacquet Raphaël. David Wen-wei Chang et Richard Y. Chuang, The Politics of Hong Kong's Reversion to China. In: Perspectives chinoises, n°66, 2001. pp. 90-91
Xue chuang mi shi :
No full textIncludes 16 short stories.Caption title: Xue chuang yan yi mi shi.Mode of access: Internet
The Structure of the Chi-chu pien ????肋編 by Chuang Chi-yü 荘季裕
No full textThe Chi-chu pien 鷄肋編, which was written by Chuang Ch’o (Chi-yü) 荘綽 (季裕), a person who lived between the 11th to 12th centuries, is a collection of miscellaneous writings consisting of three hundred articles, divided into three chüan 巻. There are no titles to the articles nor are they arranged in a classified order. Nevertheless, many of the articles are coherently connected with one another. Though the link is in the content of the articles, there is a subjective association of ideas. An association of ideas with this sort of literary element is reminiscent of linked verse (renku 連句) in Japanese literature.Since two consecutive articles are linked together, the meaning9 can still be understood even if one article is divided and re-arranged into two articles in different woodblock editions 版木. The author establishes this in his study and puts the number of articles in the Chi-chu pien 鷄肋編 at 301. Furthermore copies extant today are not complete editions, but contain omissions. Assuming that one article has been omitted it is thought that there were originally a total of 302 articles.journal articl
Mei Guo De Zi Chan Jian She: Zheng Ce Chuang Xin Yu Ke Xue Yan Jiu [Asset Building in the US: Policy Innovation and Scientific Research]
No full textMei Guo De Zi Chan Jian She: Zheng Ce Chuang Xin Yu Ke Xue Yan Jiu [Asset Building in the US: Policy Innovation and Scientific Research
The Structure of the Chapter of Chi-wu-lun in Chuang-Tsu : especially the latter half of this chapter
No full textP(論文)This paper is a part of the series of my research on Chuang-Tsu. In another paper I related the first half of Chi-wu-lun. The first half consists of one long story. I came to the conclusion that the original works of Chuang-Chou (荘周) are included in this story, and I guess this part is written in record style like the form of Lao-tsu (老子). So in this paper I argue about the latter half of this chapter. The latter half consists of four stories. I insist that the second story in the latter half also has the records of Chuang-Chou. In this paper I also research the structure of each story of the latter half of this chapter. Each of these stories is independent. The result of my research is that this chapter was edited in a later period, and the works by Chuang-Tsu are actually included, but are only a part of this chapter. And also I believe that the innner chapters of Chuang-Tsu (荘子内篇) are not the works of Chuang-Chou, except some parts of a chapter of Chi-wu-lun
Inactivation efficiency to airborne bacteria of aerosolized membrane-less electrolyzed water
No full text細菌性氣膠長期以來為環境及食品方面之重要風險因子，無隔膜電解水由於其低廉成本與環境友善等特性，於相關研究中均顯示其應用於細菌氣膠控制之高度潛力，惟其抑菌效能與操作參數有待闡明。本研究以環境控制箱系統模擬室內空間，並採用大腸桿菌 (Escherichia coli) 、枯草桿菌 (Bacillus subtilis) 與金黃色葡萄球菌 (Staphylococcus aureus) 等三種細菌氣膠作為指標污染物。在換氣率為1.0 hr^-1、細菌氣膠濃度為3 × 10^4 CFU m^-3之模擬空間中，使用孔徑8 μm的噴嘴，以70 kg cm^2的水壓，有效氯濃度為100 mg L^-1無隔膜電解水，對於E. coli氣膠可取得一階動力濃度衰減常數ki值為0.236 min^-1之抑菌效果，對於S. aureus氣膠之ki值則為0.419 min^-1。對於細胞壁較為厚實、抑菌劑抵抗性較強之B. subtili氣膠，則需要將有效氯濃度提升至200 mg L^-1，方可取得ki值為0.051 min^-1之抑菌效果。採用能產生較大粒徑霧滴的噴嘴，能夠顯著提升高壓噴霧之抑菌效率。對於E. coli與S. aureus氣膠，若改以超音波震盪方式施放有效氯濃度100 mg L^-1霧化無隔膜電解水，對於E. coli氣膠可取得ki值為0.794 min^-1之抑菌效果，對於S. aureus氣膠之ki值則為1.569 min^-1，抑菌效率均顯著高於高壓噴霧方式。對於B. subtili細菌氣膠，將有效氯濃度設定為300 mg L^-1，換氣率為0 hr^-1時，ki值則可達到為0.634 min^-1。對於兩種霧化方式而言，提升室內空間之換氣率，則均可能造成無隔膜電解水微粒之移除，導致其與細菌氣膠接觸之機率下降。本研究建議未來欲應用霧化無隔膜電解水進行空間的衛生控制時，應事先考量菌株類型及整體換氣等基礎資訊，並應採用適當之霧化方式及有效氯濃度，以提升空氣中無隔膜電解水劑量與均勻擴散混合為原則，方可取得有效細菌氣膠活性抑制效果。The potential of membran-less electrolyzed water (MLEW) has been revealed as economically, feasible and safe disinfectant for inactivating microorganisms in previous investigations. The aim of this study is to determine the inactivation efficiency to airborne bacteria strains of aerosolized MLEW in an environemtnal-controlled chamber. Two MLEW aerosolizing approaches including air-pressured (with 70 kg cm^-2) spraying and ultrasonic nebulizing were evaluated. Under air exchange (ACH) rate 1.0 hr^-1, air-pressured (spraying MLEW of free available chlorine (FAC) 100 mg L^-1 through 8 μm nozzle achieved first-order concentration decaying constant (ki) 0.236 and 0.419 min^-1 of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus aerosols (initial counts of 10^4 colony-forming units, CFU m^-3) in the chamber. The FAC 200 mg L^-1 MLEW spraying has to be adopted for obtaining acceptable inactivation efficiency to B. subtilis aerosol with ki value 0.051 min^-1. It is observed in the study that using of a larger orifice-size nozzle facilitates the inactivation efficiency. ultrasonic nebulizing of FAC 100 mg L^-1 MLEW yields better inactivation efficiency than air-pressure spraying while facing E. coli and S. arueus aerosols (ki values were 0.794 and 1.569 min^-1) . The FAC concentration has to be raised to 300 mg L^-1 for effectively inactivate B. subtilis aerosol when ultrasonic nebulizing MLEW (ki values was 0.634 min-1 under ACH rate 0 hr^-1). Besides, the inactivation efficienies to bacteria aerosols were deteriorated while increasing ACH rate of chamber. It may due to ventilating dilution effects which decreased the probability for airborne MLEW particles to contact with bacterial aerosol. We recommend that the FAC concentration and aerosolizing approach should be carefully selected base on the bacterial profile, well-mixing and ventilation rate of target environment before using MLEW for hygiene control.第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究緣起 1
1.2 研究目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 生物氣膠 3
2.1.1 細菌氣膠之環境分佈與健康效應 3
2.1.2 生物氣膠控制技術 8
2.1.3 化學性生物氣膠控制技術及其測試 12
2.2 電解水 22
2.2.1 電解水製備方式與性質 22
2.3 電解水抑菌原理與應用 24
2.3.1 電解水抑菌原理 24
2.3.2 電解水試管與表面抑菌測試 29
2.3.3 電解水霧化抑菌測試 38
第三章 材料與方法 53
3.1 研究架構設計 53
3.2 無隔膜電解水製備 55
3.3 測試菌株挑選與懸浮液製備 57
3.4 環境控制測試箱設計與組裝 59
3.5 霧化無隔膜電解水抑菌效率量測 64
第四章 結果與討論 66
4.1 環控箱系統中細菌性氣膠之濃度檢量線建立 66
4.2 通風稀釋對於細菌性氣膠之移除效率 67
4.3 高壓噴霧無隔膜電解水對於細菌氣膠之抑菌效率 72
4.3.1 高壓噴霧無隔膜電解水之微粒粒徑分布 72
4.3.2 高壓噴霧無隔膜電解水對於E. coli氣膠之抑菌效率 73
4.3.3 高壓噴霧無隔膜電解水對於B. subtilis氣膠之抑菌效率 77
4.3.4 高壓噴霧無隔膜電解水對於S. aureus氣膠之抑菌效率 80
4.3.5 高壓噴霧不同FAC濃度無隔膜電解水對於細菌氣膠抑菌效率
之影響 84
4.3.6 兩種孔徑噴嘴推送無隔膜電解水對於細菌氣膠抑菌效率之影
響 86
4.4 超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水對於細菌氣膠之抑菌效率 89
4.4.1 超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水之微粒粒徑分布 89
4.4.2 超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水對於E. coli氣膠之抑菌效率 90
4.4.3 超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水對於B. subtilis氣膠之抑菌效率 94
4.4.4 超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水對於S. aureus氣膠之抑菌效率 102
4.4.5 超音波震盪無隔膜電解水操作參數對於抑菌效率之影響 105
4.4.6 FAC濃度對於超音波震盪無隔膜電解水抑菌效率之影響 106
4.4.7 施放速率對於超音波震盪無隔膜電解水抑制B. subtilis氣膠效
率之影響 108
4.4.8 高壓噴霧與超音波震盪施放無隔膜電解水抑菌效率之差異 110第五章 結論與建議 115
5.1 結論 115
5.2 建議 116
參考文獻 11
- …
