3,086 research outputs found

    HIV and tuberculosis in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 1997-2002.

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    In Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, reporting rates for tuberculosis (TB) are rising in an emerging HIV epidemic. To describe the HIV epidemic among TB patients and quantify its impact on rates of reported TB, we performed a repeated cross-sectional survey from 1997 through 2002 in a randomly selected sample of inner city TB patients. We assessed effect by adjusting TB case reporting rates by the fraction of TB cases attributable to HIV infection. HIV prevalence in TB patients rose exponentially from 1.5% to 9.0% during the study period. Young (<35 years), single, male patients were mostly affected; injection drug use was a potent risk factor. After correction for HIV infection, the trend in TB reporting rates changed from a 1.9% increase to a 0.4% decrease per year. An emerging HIV epidemic, concentrated in young, male, injection drug users, is responsible for increased TB reporting rates in urban Vietnam

    A high-performance miniaturized 3-15.5-GHz 13-Db cmos distributed amplifier

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    [[abstract]]In this article, we demonstrate a high-performance 3-15.5-GHz distributed amplifier (DA) for ultra-wideband (UWB) system applications implemented with a standard 0.18- mu m CMOS technology. To achieve high gain, wide bandwidth, and small chip-area at the same time, miniaturized inductors with high quality-factor and small parasitic capacitance were adopted, the bias of the field-effect transistors (FETs) was optimized, and cascode FETs were used to replace the traditional conunon-source FETs. In addition, to improve the stability of the DA, a damping resistor R-G was added to the gale of the common-gate FETs. Over the 3-15.5-GHz frequency bond, this LNA achieved good forward gain (S-21) of 10-13 dB, input return loss (S-11) of - 11.5 to -31.4 dB, reverse isolation (S-12) of -21.6 to -37.1 dB, and noise figure (NF) of 5 to 7.2 dB. Moreover, the DA exhibited good input 1-dB compression point (P-1dB) of - 1.5 dBm and input third-order inter-modulation point (IIP3) of 12.5 dBm at 6 GHZ, The chip area was only 1050.9 mu m X 539.8 mu m (i.e. 0.567 mm(2)) excluding the test pads. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.[[note]]SC
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