4,843 research outputs found
Extractive bioconversion of polycaprolactone by lipase in aqueous two-phase system / Chew Pey Ling
No full textAqueous two-phase system (ATPS) is a technique used for recovery and purification of biomolecules. Extractive bioconversion is a system which integrates biotransformation into ATPS to allow the in situ recovery of bioproducts immediately after they are formed. The extractive bioconversion of poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) in an ATPS had not been established. In addition, the properties of the products obtained following the extractive bioconversion process are not well understood. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the ideal conditions for Burkholderia cepacia lipase-mediated extractive bioconversion of PCL in a polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based ATPS, as well as to examine the properties of the products obtained. A sequential optimization strategy, which comprised of full factorial design (FFD) followed by one-factor-at-a-time testing, was employed for the optimization. FFD was employed to screen for significant variables, namely pH, bioconversion temperature, molecular weight of PEG, tie-line length (TLL), volume ratio (VR) and concentration of NaCl additive in the recovery of the hydrolyzed products and enzyme. Qualitative analysis, which included gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) were subsequently used to characterize the products recovered. Results from the FFD screening indicated that temperature, VR and concentration of NaCl additive were the significant factors which influenced the partitioning of the hydrolyzed products into the upper phase. On the other hand, factors which could significantly influence the partitioning of lipase into the lower phase were temperature, TLL and VR. With the exception of NaCl additive, all other significant factors were subsequently subjected to the one-factor-at-a-time optimization. It was found that the balanced tradeoff between yields of hydrolyzed PCL in the upper phase and lipase in the lower phase was observed
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at a temperature of 40 °C, TLL of 28 % (w/w), and VR of 80:20. When these conditions were applied in a system composed of 19 % (w/w) PEG 3000 and 8.1 % (w/w) potassium phosphate at pH 7.0 without the presence of NaCl additive, 79.8 % hydrolyzed PCL was recovered from the upper phase and 42.0 % lipase was partitioned into the lower phase. GC-MS/MS analysis revealed and confirmed that the products of the extractive bioconversion were monomers and oligomers of PCL. Results of TGA analysis demonstrated that the higher the temperature of hydrolysis, the lower the onset temperature at which decomposition of PCL occurred. In addition, DSC data demonstrated a negative relationship between temperature of PCL hydrolysis and the melting as well as crystallization temperatures of the excess reactants. Besides, GPC analysis illustrated that the molecular weight of the PCL samples showed a decreasing trend with the temperature of hydrolysis, and that the higher the temperature of hydrolysis, the higher the polydispersity index. In conclusion, an optimized system for extractive bioconversion of PCL using B. cepacia lipase was described, which preferentially partitioned the hydrolyzed products into the upper phase and lipase into the lower phase
ir Koo Siu Ling de eerste vrouwelijke ingenieur luchtvaart en ruimtevaarttechniek in Nederland
No full textDe eerste vrouw die afstudeerde aan onze faculteit – die destijds ‘Vliegtuigbouwkunde’ heette – was Koo Siu Ling. Ze was een buitenlandse student uit Indonesië van Chinese afkomst. Toen ze zich aanmeldde voor de opleiding vliegtuigbouwkunde haalde dat zowel in Nederland als in Indonesië de krant. Ze begon met haar studie in 1956, toen ze 16 jaar was.Aerospace Structures & Material
Ir Koo Siu Ling the first female aerospace engineer in the Netherlands
No full textThe first woman to graduate from our faculty, then known as ‘Vliegtuigbouwkunde’ (Aeronautical engineering) was Koo Siu Ling. She was an international student from Indonesia of Chinese descent. When she registered to study ‘Vliegtuigbouwkunde’, it made the newspapers, both in the Netherlands and in Indonesia. She would start her studies in 1956 at the age of 16.Aerospace Structures & Material
Designing role-based view for object-relational databases
No full textIn a federated database system, a view mechanism is crucial since it is used to define exportable subsets of data ; to perform a virtual restructuring d ataset; and to construct the integrated schema. The view service in federated databa se systems must be capable of retaining as much semantic information as possible. The object-oriented ( 0 - 0 ) model was considered the suitable canonical data model since it meets the original criteria for canonical model selection. However, with the emergence of stronger object-relational (0 -R ) model, the re is a clear argument for using an 0 - R canonical model in the federation. Hence, research should now focus on th e development of semantically powerful view mechanism for th e newer model. Meanwhile, the availability of real 0 -R technologies offers researchers the opportunity to develop different forms of view mechanisms.
The concept of roles has been widely studied in 0 - 0 modelling and development. The role model represents some characteristics that the traditional 0-0 model lacked, such as object migration, multiple occurrences and context-dependent access. While many forms of 0-0 views were designed for the 0-0 canonical model, one option was to extend the 0-0 model to incorporate a role model. In a role model, the real entity is modelled in the form of a role rather than an object. An object represents the permanent properties of an entity is a root object; and an object represents the temporary properties of an entity is a role object.
The contribution of this research is to design a view system that employees the concept of roles for the 0 -R canonical model in a federated database system. In this thesis, an examination of the current 0 -R metamodel is provided first in order to provide an environment for recognising the roleview metadata and measuring the view performance; then a Roleview Definition Language (RDL) is introduced, along with the semantics for defining virtual classes and generating virtua l extents; finally, a working prototype is provided to prove th e role-based view system is implementable and the syntax is semantically correct
Ling de kao gu xue yan jiu: 4500BC-1046BC = Archaeological research on ling: 4500BC-1046BC
No full textPh.D.This thesis conducts research on Ling from 4500 BC to 1046 BC. Which kind of artifact can be named after Ling, where and when did Ling originated and how did it flourished in wide spread area and archaeological cultures will be analyzed in this thesis.According to our research, Ling derived from tortoiseshell rattle and was widely accepted in areas affected by Jiahu Culture, like the lower reach of Huai River and upper reach of Han River. Despite of the wide distribution, most of Lings were recovered from specific large-sized sites and within each site they were found clustered together. During the third phase of Neolithic Ling, Ling from Laohushan Culture, clarified as the northern Ling system, had immigrated southwards and appeared in Taosi culture. With the powerful strength of Taosi Culture, Lings from the northern Ling system widely emerged in Central Plain during 2300-2000BC. Erlitou Culture combined the northern Ling system with the Zhengzhou Ling system, then create their own bronze Ling. The residents who use these Lings were believed to be economic and military elites who probably had close relationship to their kings. Middle Shang period is still a blank spot in ling’s typological sequence. During the second phase of late Shang Culture, ling suddenly became ubiquitous. Its cooccurrence with military weapons and close relationship with male warriors demonstrates ling as a representative of military power. Ling served as a token of king’s prerogative and the person who was bestowed a bell was legitimized to claim the right to be a military noble and involved in military or sacrificial ceremonies.本文以新石器時代晚期至晚商考古發現的鈴為研究對象，對于鈴的界定、鈴的起源、傳播及發展過程進行了詳細地分析。鈴在不同發展階段，不同文化背景下表現出相同的以發聲為主的器物特征，同時又能與時俱進地容納多樣的器用制度，是一種適應性強、傳播範圍廣且具備可持續發展能力的權威物品。最早的鈴誕生于4500BC左右，以賈湖遺址的龜甲響器為原型，演變出帶壁穿孔的ⅠBa型鈴，之後此類鈴在賈湖文化的影響區域得到了廣泛的傳播。在新石器時代晚期鈴發展的最後一個階段，以內蒙古中南部老虎山文化為代表的北方系陶鈴強勢南下，藉由陶寺文化的影響傳播至黃河中下游地區。二里頭文化融合了陶寺文化銅鈴及鄭州系陶鈴，在二者之上進一步優化銅鈴的聲音性能并于二里頭二期建立自身的銅鈴及陶鈴器用制度，鈴成為二里頭社會頂層人員使用的高等級禮器，成為二里頭文化禮制建設的強有力象征物。二里頭的鈴為早商文化繼承，雖然在中商階段相對沉寂，但于晚商二期重新煥發生機，建立了晚商獨有的銅鈴器用制度。晚商銅鈴具備明顯地軍事職能象征性，在殷墟及晚商文化控制區域得到普遍傳播。晚商銅鈴作為發令人身份的象征物，通過鈴的賜予，建立了發令者與受命者之間的權力與義務關係；銅鈴同時作還為命令的載體，成為契約成立的信物。本文通過對鈴的器型、材質變化的完整梳理，構建了新石器晚期至晚商鈴的編年體系。明確了鈴的辨識方法，規範了鈴的命名方式，討論了鈴的起源，證明了鈴的使用方法，提供了陶鈴使用痕跡判斷標準，鏈接了二里頭銅鈴與龍山文化末期陶鈴之間的承繼關係，總結了二里頭文化陶鈴的考古學背景，系統分析了商文化銅鈴的演變及社會性質。我們認為鈴作為中國獨立起源的最早權威物之一，對於了解禮器的形成，探索區域將上層文化交流網，研究早期國家形成階段以權威物為核心的政治系統構建有十分重要的意義。鄧玲玲.Parallel title from added title page.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2018.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-214).Abstracts in English and Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 23, 2020).Deng Lingling
Upacara Ritual Gong Tek Masyarakat Teo Chew Cina Di Malaysia: Muzik, Teks Dan Gerakan
No full textMasyarakat Cina yang berdialek Teo Chew di Malaysia masih kuat mempertahankan tradisinya dalam pelaksanaan upacara kematian. Upacara ritual masyarakat Teo Chew atau Gong Tek membawa maksud membuat sesuatu perkara yang baik dan bermoral tinggi supaya mendapat balasan yang baik. Upacara ini sangat penting kerana melambangkan perkara terakhir yang ahli keluarga boleh lakukan bagi pihak si mati. Selain itu, upacara ini juga bertujuan untuk menunjukkan rasa hormat dan taat setia seseorang anak kepada orang tuanya dengan harapan roh si mati akan tenteram dan pergi ke dunia akhirat dengan tenang. Penyelidikan ini menunjukkan bahawa muzik, teks dan gerakan dalam Gong Tek adalah saling berkaitan
Supplemental material for User acceptance of an app-based adherence intervention: Perspectives from patients taking oral anticancer medications
No full textSupplemental material for User acceptance of an app-based adherence intervention: Perspectives from patients taking oral anticancer medications by Eskinder Eshetu Ali, Sharlene Si Ling Chan, Jo Lene Leow, Lita Chew and Kevin Yi-Lwern Yap in Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice</p
Liu wang qu: ge, ge ju.
No full text江陵詞 ; 雪厂曲 ; 集體編劇雪厂, 葉瓊, 江凌.Music in number notation.Jiang Ling ci ; Xuechang qu ; ji ti bian ju Xuechang, Ye Qiong, Jiang Ling
Några missförstånd beträffande Pehr Henrik Ling
No full textDag Hedman, Some Misapprehensions Concerning Pehr Henrik Ling. The essay deals with "the Father of Swedish Gymnastics", Pehr Henrik Ling (1776–1839), who was also a prolific author of epics, plays and poems. Its aim is to rectify certain misconceptions about his life and letters, partly originating in Ling's own time, and thus representing a tradition of almost 200 years. There is a consensus, that Ling was an Herculean giant of enormous strength. Since physical strength plays an important role in his epics Gylfe (three versions: 1810, 1812 and 1814), Asarne (1816–1833), and Tirfing eller Dödssvärdet (Tirfing or the Sword of Death; written in 1820, printed in 1836), and Ling was the founder of Swedish Gymnastics, having written several theoretical works on gymnastics, health and fitness, it is easy to imagine how this myth has arisen. Contemporaneous sources show that Ling was small, thin and ailing all his life. The preeminence of athletic heroes must be explained in another fashion, i. e. in the light of the "moral-medical philosophy", according to which physical and moral strength are connected, health and virtue being eachother's companions as well as illness and vice. Analogous to the myth of Ling's gigantic physical appearance, one finds exaggerated images of the size of his literary output. Generally one speaks of enormous quantities, with the bulky epics as the peak. Since the appreciation of Ling has been low amongst later generations of literary historians, the sheer mass of his literary production has been used as another sign of his weakness as an author. Speaking in quantitative terms, however, Ling comes in as number 3 in his generation of Swedish authors of belles lettres (2 655 pages) after Frans Michael Franzén (1772–1847; 2 782 pages) and Carl Jonas Love Almqvist (1793–1866; exceeding 10 700 pages). Since neither Franzén nor Almqvist have been criticised for their proficiency, it seems irrelevant to chastise Ling for the same reason. Actually, it is peculiar that critics have not pursued the idea of Ling as an author of 'masses of literature' and thought of him in terms of an author of 'mass literature'. His æuvre is so clearly oriented towards the techniques and motifs of popular literature. Without doubt, his amalgamation of high and low, so typical for the Romantic movement, was too strong for Swedish critics of the time, being more Classical-oriented in their taste, and thus shunning Ling's juicy mixture of metaphysical speculations, eroticism, and violence. The rumor of Ling being a gothomaniac is also refuted in the essay. Only slightly more than half of his plays deal with Gothic (i. e. Old Norse) themes (six of ten plays). In all of them – as well as in the epic Asarne – the victory of Christianity over the Old Norse religion is treated. In his preface to Eddornas SinnebildsLära (The Emblems of the Eddas; 1819–1820) Ling expressly wrote that one ought to use the Old Norse myths with caution. The handbooks have generally denied Ling and his Old Norse themes any influence on Swedish art in the 19th century. Contrary to this established view, the present essay shows that he indeed was influential, not only during his life-time, but well through the century
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