499 research outputs found
Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis
No full textMehmood, Nasir, Yuan, Yuan, Ali, Mohammed, Ali, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Junaid, Cheng, Chunzhen, Lyu, Meiling, Wu, Binghua (2021): Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis. Phytochemistry (112590) 181: 1-12, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112590, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.11259
Fig. 4 in Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis
No full textFig. 4. Schematic illustration of general terpenoid biosynthesis pathways showing identified unigenes from F. nilgerrensis leaf transcriptome data. The interconvertible precursors IPP and DMAPP, two phosphorylated C5 unites, are produced by the MVA and MEP pathways which are exchangeable from both compartmentations. The chloroplast is a major site for synthesis of hemiterpene (C5), monoterpenoids (C10), diterpenoids (C20) carotenoids (C40) and chlorophyll, while the cytosol and other organelle are responsible for synthesis of monoterpenoids (C10), sesquiterpene (C15) and triterpene (C30). But that is not strictly conclusive. Arrow with lines indicate reactions catalyzed by enzymes and the encoding genes, with unigenes identified in this experiment boxed. The color highlights are for better visualization. Abbreviations: AACT, acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase; CMK, 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl-D-erythritol kinase; DXR, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate reductase; DXS, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase; HDR, (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate reductase; HDS, (E)-4-hydroxy-3- methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate synthase; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase; HMGS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase; IDI, isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase; MCT, MEP cytidyltransferase; MDC, mevalonate-5-diphosphate decarboxylase; MDS, 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase; MVK, mevalonate kinase. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)Published as part of Mehmood, Nasir, Yuan, Yuan, Ali, Mohammed, Ali, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Junaid, Cheng, Chunzhen, Lyu, Meiling & Wu, Binghua, 2021, Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112590) 181 on page 7, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112590, http://zenodo.org/record/829067
Fragaria nilgerrensis leaves
No full text4.2. Isolation of phytochemical and volatile compounds from F. nilgerrensis leaves At different hours (0, 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 48 and 72 h) after infected with C. gloeosporioides, leaves were removed and collected from the plants, frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and then stored at 80 ◦ C for future use. Each cryopreserved sample was homogenized in liquid nitrogen by using pestle and mortar. One gram of the powdered samples was mixed with 2 ml saturated NaCl in a 20 ml-head-space vial, in which an internal standard (10 μl of 8.08 mg /L 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanone (cat. Nr. W353701 from Sigma–Aldrich, Shanghai, China) was added. Before subjecting the mixtures for SPME extraction, each vial was heated at 60 ◦ C for 10 min. Subsequently, the headspace of the sample vial was exposed to a 65 μm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsilioxan fiber (Supelco, Bellefonte, PA, USA) for 20 min at 60 ◦ C to complete the extraction. Relative abundance of the compounds was quantified by peak area determination and normalized to the mass of the internal standard. We pooled samples from three plants for one biological replication and the experiment was performed twice which gave similar results. Data are shown as mean without significant test in the Results section.Published as part of Mehmood, Nasir, Yuan, Yuan, Ali, Mohammed, Ali, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Junaid, Cheng, Chunzhen, Lyu, Meiling & Wu, Binghua, 2021, Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112590) (112590) 181 on page 7, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112590, http://zenodo.org/record/829067
Fig. 7 in Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis
No full textFig. 7. Phylogenetic relationship of the five FnTPS candidates with other known terpene synthases and a sequence alignment showing the conserved protein motifs. (A) A maximum-likelihood tree of the TPS proteins depicting the TPS-a, TPS-b, TPS-d, TPS-e/f, and TPS-g clades, with bootstrap values greater than 50% shown for the branching. The scale bar corresponds to 6% amino acid substitution. The five F. nilgerrensis proteins are in red. Selected proteins with available three-dimensional structural data are shown in bold using their PDB code followed by the abbreviated species name. The known enzymatic products are in light blue followed with the UniProt Accession numbers of the proteins. (B) Alignment of the five candidates FnTPSs with α-farnesene synthase from apple (Malus domestica) and α-bergamotene synthase from Lavender (Lavandula Angustifolia). The DxDD motif of typical class II terpene synthases in FnTPS6 is boxed and the highly conserved class I DDxxD as well as the lesser conserved RRx8W and NSE/DTE motifs are indicated. The color regime of amino acids is set in Bioedit version 7.2.6. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)Published as part of Mehmood, Nasir, Yuan, Yuan, Ali, Mohammed, Ali, Muhammad, Iftikhar, Junaid, Cheng, Chunzhen, Lyu, Meiling & Wu, Binghua, 2021, Early transcriptional response of terpenoid metabolism to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in a resistant wild strawberry Fragaria nilgerrensis, pp. 1-12 in Phytochemistry (112590) 181 on page 10, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112590, http://zenodo.org/record/829067
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Timely Signals of Systematic Audit Quality from Market Participants: Evidence from Activist Short-Seller Campaigns
No full textExtant studies generally focus on signals of systematic audit quality from regulatory oversight of auditors, which can take up to several years to be revealed. Using a sample of firms targeted by activist short sellers (activists) for financial misreporting, I examine whether capital market participants provide credible and timely signals of systematic audit quality at the auditor office level. I find that activists provide timely signals of systematic audit failures at auditor offices of targeted firms (targeted offices) that exist across audits of concurrent non-targeted firms, and that these signals persist for three years on average. I also find that activist signals are more informative when the activists are more credible. Further, I document that non-targeted clients dismiss targeted offices following activist campaigns, but only when the activists are relatively credible, suggesting that clients recognize the variation in the quality of activist signals and respond accordingly. Finally, I find that audit failures revealed by activists are less persistent than those not revealed by activists, indicating that activists facilitate auditor offices’ remediation of systematic audit quality problems. Overall, my study highlights activist short-seller campaigns as a credible and timely channel through which systematic audit quality of auditor offices is signaled by market participants.Release after 04/27/202
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils and vegetation near an e-waste recycling site in South China: Concentration, distribution, source, and risk assessment
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