732 research outputs found
Supplemental_table - Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
No full textSupplemental_table for Long-Term Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy by Fang Liu, Yue Ma, Hailong Ge, Yingxin Zhao, Hua Shen, Dai Zhang, Yan Sun, Xiaoteng Ma, Yujing Cheng, and Yujie Zhou in Angiology</p
Absorption and oral bioavailability of nanoencapsulated curcumin
No full textMany natural bioactive compounds bear various health-promoting benefits and are incorporated in functional foods. The utilization of the compounds in human body, or the bioavailability is usually not taken into consideration in the process of food formulation. In this Ph.D. study, the problem of the poor bioavailability of polyphenols, such as curcumin, was addressed by development of two nanoscale delivery systems, namely biopolymer micelles and nanoemulsions. It is known that solubilization and metabolism are two limiting factors for curcumin oral bioavailability. Using Caco-2 cell monolayers model, it was revealed that the permeation of solubilized curcumin was fast and by passive diffusion and that solubilization, not permeation of curcumin limited the absorption and the oral bioavailability. Subsequently, the solubilization of curcumin was improved by encapsulation of curcumin in biopolymer-based micelles and organogel-based formulations. Polymer micelles were generated from modified starch and self-synthesized modified epsilon polylysine. Upon encapsulation, the water solubility of curcumin was greatly increased and curcumin was stabilized against alkaline degradation. Moreover, the in vitro anti-cancer and cellular antioxidant activities of curcumin were also enhanced. On the other hand, food-grade curcumin organogel with high loading and in vitro bioaccessibility was developed. Based on the organogel, nanoemulsions were further generated to achieve faster and more complete digestion. The absorption mechanism of the nanoemulsion was examined using Caco-2 cell monolayer permeation assay and was suggested as the classic digestion-permeation route. It was further revealed that the oral bioavailability increased by 9-fold compared with unformulated curcumin on mice. Moreover, the toxicity of nanoemulsions was examined in vitro. Three tested food-grade nanoemulsions did not show significant toxicity on Caco-2 cell monolayers, which suggested that nanoemulsions may not affect the integrity of the small intestine epithelium. The biopolymer micelles and nanoemulsion formulations can be applied for oral delivery of other water-insoluble compounds for functional food application. And the formulation development method driven by absorption mechanisms also provides an example for future formulation studies.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Hailong Y
Cohomologically Full Rings
No full textInspired by a question raised by Eisenbud–Mustaţă–Stillman regarding the injectivity of maps from Ext modules to local cohomology modules and the work by the third author with Pham, we introduce a class of rings, which we call cohomologically full rings. This class of rings includes many well-known singularities: Cohen–Macaulay rings, Stanley–Reisner rings, F-pure rings in positive characteristics, and Du Bois singularities in characteristics 0. We prove many basic properties of cohomologically full rings, including their behavior under flat base change. We show that ideals defining these rings satisfy many desirable properties, in particular they have small cohomological and projective dimension. When R is a standard graded algebra over a field of characteristic 0, we show under certain conditions that being cohomologically full is equivalent to the intermediate local cohomology modules being generated in degree 0. Furthermore, we obtain Kodaira-type vanishing and strong bounds on the regularity of cohomologically full graded algebras
A new interpretive approach to an old issue under the WTO Turning the chapeau of GATT article XX into a wild card for greater domestic regulatory autonomy
No full textThe current anti-globalization movements can be seen as counter movements against neo-liberalism staged by social groups who have not benefited much from global economic integration. The WTO has been criticized for restricting domestic regulatory autonomy that could accommodate the interests of some of the disadvantaged social groups by having very narrow and strict exceptions to trade disciplines. Particularly, the WTO judiciary has repeatedly refused to exempt domestic regulatory measures having policy objectives beyond the closed-end list prescribed in the exception clause of GATT Article XX in its jurisprudence by declining various approaches to circumvent that list. However, I argue and try to demonstrate that the interpretation of the chapeau of Article XX by the Appellate Body in recent years can be used to reconstruct the chapeau to exempt highly flexible domestic measures with objectives listed in Article XX and even domestic measures with objectives not listed in Article XX. This is only a tentative development so far, not yet substantiated by explicit Appellate Body endorsement and successful application in WTO dispute settlement. But it should be followed in order to help the WTO endure and finally survive the attacks from the counter movements around the world. Nevertheless, the new interpretation and the interpretations of the closely related texts, particularly the lettered subparagraphs of Article XX, need tweaks to be more internally consistent with one another. A number of WTO Agreements also contain clauses serving basically the same purpose of Article XX, which is to exempt domestic measures otherwise in violation of trade disciplines. The new interpretation of Article XX needs to be transplanted into these Agreements as well to achieve internal consistency of the WTO jurisprudence. Therefore, after reconstructing the chapeau of Article XX, I will make my suggestions supported by careful analysis of the relevant legal texts and previous cases in these two regards.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-08-01The student, Hailong Jia, accepted the attached license on 2019-07-09 at 20:15.The student, Hailong Jia, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-07-09 at 20:33.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-07-11 at 16:12.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14232 on 2019-11-26 at 13:05:17Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-26T20:49:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
JIA-DISSERTATION-2019.pdf: 1800009 bytes, checksum: fde3dbcc5755036f584ae7759c401f76 (MD5)
LICENSE.txt: 4208 bytes, checksum: 1c1dac8caf1650c86e36a7103dda6b3e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2019-07-11Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 112951
Lift date: 2021-11-26T20:49:41Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 112951 on 2021-11-27T10:15:23Z
RETRACTED ARTICLE: MiR-616 plays oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma progression through suppressing PTEN expression and activating PI3K/AKT pathway
No full textWe, the Editors and Publisher of the journal Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, have retracted the following article:Rina Sa, Huali Song, Meihua Wei, Hailong Su, Yao Hong, Lulu Zhou, & Yunfei Bai (2020) MiR-616 plays oncogenic role in hepatocellular carcinoma progression through suppressing PTEN expression and activating PI3K/AKT pathway. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 48:1, 728–734. DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1596928.It has come to our attention that the full authorship list and affiliations for this manuscript were changed after the article was accepted. We have contacted the corresponding author for an explanation, but we have not received a response. As determining authorship is core to the integrity of pubished work, we are therefore retracting the article. The corresponding author listed in this publication has been informed.We have been informed in our decision-making by our policy on publishing ethics and integrity and the COPE guidelines on retractions.The retracted article will remain online to maintain the scholarly record, but it will be digitally watermarked on each page as ‘Retracted’
Meta-alanysis of safety data: approximation of arcsine transformation and application of mixture distribution modeling
No full textMeta-analysis is frequently used in the analysis of safety data. In dealing with rare events, the commonly used risk measures, such as the odds ratio, or risk difference, or their variance, can become undefined when no events are observed in studies. The use of an arcsine transformation and arcsine difference (AD) as treatment effect were shown to have desirable statistical properties (Rucker, 2009). However, the interpretation of the AD remains challenging and this may hamper its utility. To convert the AD to a risk measure similar to the risk difference, two previously proposed linear approximation methods, along with new linear and non-linear methods were discussed and evaluated. The existing approximation methods generally provide satisfactory approximation when the event proportions are between 0.15 and 0.85. We propose a new linear approximation method, the modified rationalized arcsine unit (MRAU) which improves the approximation when proportions fall outside the range from 0.15 to 0.85. However, the MRAU can still lead to under- or over-estimation depending on the underlying proportion. We then proposed a non-linear approximation method, based on a Taylor series expansion (TRAUD), which shows the best approximation across the full range of risk levels. However, the variance for TRAUD is less easily estimated and requires bootstrap estimation. Results from simulation studies confirm these findings under a wide array of scenarios.
In the second section, heterogeneity in meta-analysis is discussed along with current methods that address the issue. To provide an exploration of the nature of heterogeneity, finite mixture model methods (FMM) were presented, and their application in meta-analysis discussed. The estimates derived from the components in FMM indicate that even with a pre-specified protocol, the studies included in a meta-analysis may come from different distributions that can cause heterogeneity. The estimated number of components may suggest the existence of multiple sub-populations that a simple overall effect estimate will neglect. We propose that in the analysis of safety data, the estimates of the number of components and their respective means can provide valuable information for better patient care.
In the final section, the application of the approximation methods and the use of FMM are demonstrated in the analysis of two published meta-analysis examples from the medical literature
A device to measure apparent swelling pressure of compacted bentonite using extremely thin specimen
No full textAs a candidate material proposed for the geological disposal of the high level radioactive waste, bentonite has been studied extensively in terms of its engineering properties. One of the properties is the pressure generated during wetting compacted bentonite under rigorously confined condition. This pressure is designated apparent swelling pressure (ps) herein. On the other hand, due to the extremely low hydraulic conductivity (e.g. 10-9-10-14 m/s) of compacted bentonite, it is often very time consuming to measure ps. For instance, test duration is typically 1-2 month for a specimen with thickness (hsp) of 20 mm, and 1-2 weeks for hsp= 10 mm. Though testing duration can be reduced by using thinner specimens, it becomes difficult to control measurement accuracy. Recently, the author reported a series of datasets obtained with newly developed testing method using hsp= 2 mm specimens to measure ps, by which testing duration was reduced to 1-2 days and data repeatability was also extraordinarily good. In this paper, the author made further developments on such testing techniques and introduced a device to measure ps for hsp= 0.4 mm specimen, by which testing duration can be reduced to 1-2 hours. The ps measured by this device on a bentonite was compared with previous database, which implies that data repeatability is very good in generally, though the data scattering is observed for hsp=0.4 mm specimens
Creep Mechanisms of Calcium–Silicate–Hydrate: An Overview of Recent Advances and Challenges
No full text© 2015, The Author(s). A critical review on existing creep theories in calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) is presented with an emphasis on several fundamental questions (e.g. the roles of water, relative humidity, temperature, atomic ordering of C–S–H). A consensus on the rearrangement of nanostructures of C–S–H as a main consequence of creep, has almost been achieved. However, main disagreement still exists on two basic aspects regarding creep mechanisms: (1) at which site the creep occurs, like at interlayer, intergranular, or regions where C–S–H has a relatively higher solubility; (2) how the structural rearrangement evolutes, like in a manner of interlayer sliding, intra-transfer of water at various scales, recrystallization of gelled-like particles, or dissolution–diffusion–reprecipitation at inter-particle boundary. The further understanding of creep behavior of C–S–H relies heavily on the appropriate characterization of its nanostructure.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
(Anilino)anthraquinone Nickel-Catalyzed Random Copolymerization of Norbornene and Ethylene
No full textTime Optimal Altitude-Hold Flight Mode Transition Strategy for a Class of Ducted Fan Tail Sitter UAV
No full textFor special tail sitter configurations such as the ducted fan tail sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the widely used trajectory planning methodology based on differential flatness might not be applicable due to complex aerodynamic coupling effects. As a result, the flight mode transition remains a challenging task. In this paper, we address the time optimal altitude-hold flight mode transition issue for a class of ducted fan tail sitter UAV. The foundation of the framework is the dynamic transition corridor in which the limitation of jerk is particularly considered, aiming to thoroughly reflect the dynamic feature of aggressive maneuvers. Based on this, we propose a time optimal strategy to generate feasible altitude-hold transition trajectories. Simultaneous, by fully utilizing the manifestation of time optimal altitude-hold flight behavior revealed by the transition corridor, we try to tackle the time optimal altitude-hold transition by means of a novel model-free control scheme. Comparative simulations show that both of the transition strategies achieve satisfactory performance on time optimal altitude-hold transition in the absence of disturbance, while the model-free control scheme exhibits better robustness under external disturbance
- …
