3,123 research outputs found
Silicon-germanium spherical quantum dot infrared photodetectors prepared by the combination of bottom-up and top-down technologies
No full textSectoral allocation by gender of Latin American workers over the liberalization period of the 1990s
Full text linkThe recent restructuring of Latin American economies has renewed interest in the effects of trade liberalization, on labor markets, and on the gender division of labor. The author does not attempt to establish casuality between economic reforms, and the types of jobs that men and women hold. Instead, she provides a detailed description of the trends in male, and female formal, and informal sector participation during the economic reform period in Argentina, Brazil, and Costa Rica. The author first compares the gender composition of the formal, informal wage, and self-employment sectors in a year before reforms (1988 for Argentina, 1989 for Brazil, and Costa Rica), and a year after reforms implementation (1997 for Argentina, 1995 for Brazil and Costa Rica). Although women continued to be more likely than men to work in the informal wage sector, there is no trend of"masculinization"or"feminization"of the informal sector, or any other. Instead, in Argentina men have overtaken women as the most prevalent workers in the informal wage sector, while in Brazil, the opposite has occurred (as men move into self-employment). In Costa Rica there have been no statistical, observable changes. The author then considers the distribution across sectors within each gender group, to identify whether men, and women are more likely to select different sectors in the post-reform period relative to the pre-reform period. Among both men, and women in all three countries (except Brazilian men), workers have become more likely to hold informal wage jobs, and less likely to hold formal sector jobs. Trends in human capital accumulation explain these changes for both men, and women, while changes in gender roles, primarily in homecare and marriage, do not seem to have an effect.Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Labor Policies,Population&Development,Public Health Promotion,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Environmental Economics&Policies,Population&Development,Banks&Banking Reform,Work&Working Conditions
Surface redox-mediated dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide probes based on ionic liquids covalently bound with catechol functionality
No full text[[abstract]]A novel imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL), covalently bound to catechol (CA) groups by carbodiimide-mediated coupling reactions, was synthesized and used as the electrochemical sensing probe for dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The thin layer of the CA-functionalized IL (IL-CA) at the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) exhibited a stable redox couple originating from the catechol/quinone at the terminus. The redox-active film-modified electrode exhibited high and persistent electrocatalytic activity at 0.32V for the oxidation of NADH in pH 7.0 buffer solutions, while the oxidation reaction occurred at 0.75V at the bare electrode. Moreover, the modified electrode also showed free of interference from ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). Flow-injection amperometry was performed for 1-1000 mu M of NADH under optimized conditions, and a linear calibration plot with a slope of 0.0078 mu A/mu M was obtained. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.4 mu M. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.[[note]]SC
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