5,448 research outputs found
FT-infrared spectroscopic studies of lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell lines
No full textThis paper presents a novel method to characterise spectral differences that
distinguish leukaemia and lymphoma cell lines. This is based on objective
spectral measurements of major cellular biochemical constituents and
multivariate spectral processing. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) maps of the
lymphoma, lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia cell samples were obtained using a
Perkin-Elmer Spotlight 300 FT-IR imaging spectrometer. Multivariate statistical
techniques incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) and linear
discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to construct a mathematical model. This
model was validated for reproducibility. Multivariate statistical analysis of
FTIR spectra collected for each cell sample permit a combination of unsupervised
and supervised methods of distinguishing cell line types. This resulted in the
clustering of cell line populations, indicating distinct bio-molecular
differences. Major spectral differences were observed in the 4000 to 800 cm-
1 spectral region. Bands in the averaged spectra for the cell line were assigned
to the major biochemical constituents including; proteins, fatty acids,
carbohydrates and nucleic acids. The combination of FT-IR spectroscopy and
multivariate statistical analysis provides an important insight into the
fundamental spectral differences between the cell lines, which differ according
to the cellular biochemical composition. These spectral differences can serve as
potential biomarkers for the differentiation of leukaemia and lymphoma cells.
Consequently these differences could be used as the basis for developing a
spectral method for the detection and identification of haematological
malignancies
Tipologi Elemen Visual Pada Masjid Cheng Ho Di Jawa
No full textMasjid adalah bangunan atau lingkungan berpagar di sekitarnya yang didirikan khusus
sebagai tempat ibadah kepada Allah SWT, terutama untuk sholat. Dalam perkembangannya,
masjid tidak hanya menjadi bangunan rumah ibadah (tempat sujud atau tempat sholat), tetapi
juga sebagai ruang sosial atau pusat kehidupan komunitas Muslim (masyarakat Islam). Masjid
tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat shalat atau tempat ibadah, tetapi juga memenuhi fungsi
dalam berbagai aspek lainnya. Seperti yang terlihat di masjid-masjid yang ada, arsitektur
bangunan masjid dipengaruhi oleh kondisi alam dan perkembangan budaya lokal dan eksternal.
Perkembangan budaya dapat dilihat dari sejarah penyebaran Islam dan proses masuknya Islam
ke daerah tersebut.
Perpaduan budaya dapat dilihat dalam arsitektur bangunan Masjid Cheng Ho di Indonesia.
Setidaknya ada 12 Masjid Cheng Ho di Indonesia, yang terbanyak tersebar di Pulau Jawa,
sebanyak lima masjid. Lima Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa yaitu Masjid Cheng Ho Surabaya,
Pasuruan, Purbalingga, Jember, dan Banyuwangi diduga menggunakan elemen dan prinsip
desain arsitektur Islam, arsitektur Jawa, dan arsitektur Tionghoa. Arsitektur Masjid Cheng Ho
di Jawa diduga memiliki persamaan dan perbedaan. Bagaimana tipologi elemen visual pada
Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa? Penelitian ini berfokus pada elemen visual terhadap 5 (lima)
Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa dan hubungannya dengan tipologi elemen visual.
Penelitian ini adalah penelitian arsitektur dengan paradigma konstruktivisme,
menggunakan metode kualitatif-deduktif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis. Pengumpulan
data dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan interpretasi kritis
terhadap bahan sumber, memilih tema, dan mensistematisasikan dan meringkas data
pengamatan. Pembahasan dengan membahas tema analisis dengan teori eklektik, kemudian
interpretasi.
Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa arsitektur Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa memiliki
beberapa persamaan dan perbedaan. Kesamaannya bisa dilihat dari elemen visual bentuk,
elemen visual ornamen, dan elemen visual warna. Elemen visual Bentuk, Ornamen, dan warna
di Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa adalah hasil dari konsep arsitektur eklektik yang menggabungkan
gaya arsitektur Islam (Arab), gaya arsitektur Jawa, dan gaya arsitektur Cina. Tema-tema
pemikiran eklektisisme yang digunakan di Masjid Cheng Ho di Jawa adalah referensi sejarah,
sifat, fungsi, seni, simbol, dan gagasan individu
Investigating the potential use of virus technology to further our understanding of floral induction and its application in plant breeding programmes
No full textFlowering Locus T (FT ) plays a pivotal role in floral induction. It integrates the inputs from a complex network of flowering signalling pathways. Flowering is an efficiently orchestrated event that occurs in a plant at a particular time to ensure maximum reproductive success. It has been suggested that the FT protein is a long- distance mobile floral stimulus. In this report studies with a mutant version of FT (mFT) which had the start codon replaced with a stop codon to generate a non-translatable FT indicated that the mRNA was also capable of long distance movement although its physiological function as a floral stimulus was inhibited.
Gene function study of FT and FT orthologues on brassica, tobacco, tomato and potato using the plant virus expression vector Potato Virus X (PVX) generated some interesting findings. In Short day Maryland Mammoth tobacco plants the overexpression of the Arabidopsis FT under non-inductive Long day condition induced early flowering while the mFT and mock control remained in the vegetative stage. In short day potato, it did not seem to have an effect on tuberization as only one from five of the inoculated plants tuberized. In brassica (broccoli) the effect on flowering time was inhibited due to Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) but the tomato FT (SP6A) had an effect on flowering time.
In tomato, the overexpression of the Arabidopsis FT and FT- orthologues from tomato induced early flowering but the difference in flowering time in comparison to the controls was only a few days. Phenotypical and morphological changes such as seed production and lateral side shoot development were caused by expression of the target genes. The exact mechanism of action of these genes in the control of seed production and lateral side shoot development is unclear
From Canon Road, 900 ft. above river, S.E. to Upper Falls (109 ft. high), Yellowstone Park, U.S.A.
No full textFrom Canon Road, 900 ft. above river, S.E. to Upper Falls (109 ft. high), Yellowstone Park, U.S.A
FT-ICR MS data.zip
No full textLong-term straw return enhanced the chlorine reactivity of soil DOM: Highlighting the molecular-level activity and transformation trade-offs</p
Electric Peak (11155 ft.), highest elevation in Yellowstone Park, U.S.A.
No full textElectric Peak (11155 ft.), highest elevation in Yellowstone Park, U.S.A
In situ FT-IR Studies of Photocatalytic NO Oxidation on Photocatalysts
No full text本研究運用傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀，研究在紫外線照射下純二氧化鈦以及負載過渡金屬的二氧化鈦對於一氧化氮的光觸媒催化反應。利用改良式溶膠凝膠法水解鈦的醇氧化物製備二氧化鈦以及負載銅、釩、鉻金屬之二氧化鈦。在500°C 通入空氣進行前處理之後，觸媒表面偵測到大量過氧化物以及氫氧基。通入一氧化氮氣體後，發現一氧化氮會移除氫氧基、過氧化物，或過渡金屬與氧分子之間的雙鍵鍵結，並以雙齒亞硝酸基或硝酸基的型式吸附在觸媒表面。此外，一氧化氮也會以亞硝醯基的型式吸附在負載之過渡金屬離子上。觸媒在紫外光照射下受激發形成的電洞將過氧化物氧化成超氧化物；此超氧化物會將雙齒亞硝酸基氧化成硝酸基。當亞硝醯基存在於表面時，會因為亞硝醯基的優選氧化使得亞硝酸基的氧化受到抑制。
在熱穩定性測試中，400°C的高溫仍然無法移除雙齒硝酸基，且吸附在二氧化鈦的氫氧基因為與硝酸產生偶合而不受高溫影響。然而，氫氧基與雙齒亞硝酸基無法進行偶合，故氫氧基的熱穩定性表現與未吸附一氧化氮的二氧化鈦觸媒相同。再者，研究同時發現一氧化氮可再次吸附在存在有雙齒亞硝酸基及硝酸基的二氧化鈦表面。在光穩定性測試中，發現亞硝酸基的氧化是由觸媒照光後產生的中間物觸發進行，而非光觸媒受光反應後的產物對亞硝酸基進行氧化形成硝酸基。X光繞射分析、紫外光–可見光光譜分析證明觸媒的結構，以及對紫外光吸收的能力不會受高溫處理和一氧化氮的光觸媒催化反應影響。
由傅立葉轉換紅外線光譜儀的結果，可推測出一氧化氮在純二氧化鈦和負載過渡金屬的二氧化鈦上，進行光觸媒催化反應的可能機制。Photocatalytic NO oxidation on TiO2 and transition metal-loaded TiO2 (M/TiO2) catalysts under UV irradiation was studied using in situ FT-IR spectroscopy. TiO2 and M/TiO2 catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method via controlled hydrolysis of titanium (IV) butoxide. Copper, vanadium or chromium was loaded onto TiO2 during sol-gel procedure. After treated at 500°C under air flow, a large amount of surface peroxo species and OH groups were detected on the TiO2 and M/TiO2 catalysts. Nitric oxides (NO) can be adsorbed on TiO2 and M/TiO2 in the form of bidentate nitrites, or nitrates via removing OH groups, peroxo species or M=O bonds. In addition, NO can also be adsorbed on Mn+ in the form of nitrosyls. Under UV irradiation, bidentate nitrites were oxidized to monodentate or bidentate nitrates. This transformation was probably triggered by superoxo species which were oxidized from peroxo species via photogenegrated holes. The existence of nitrosyls caused the inhibition of oxidation from nitrites to nitrates because of primary oxidation on nitrosyls. Thermal stability tests showed that even the temperatures were up to 400°C, bidentate nitrates still remained on TiO2 surface. It also showed that OH groups were coupled with nitrates so that the OH groups were not influenced even up to 400°C. However, for bidentate nitrite, it was not coupled with OH groups so the OH groups were influenced at high temperatures. In addition, further NO adsorption and photocatalytic NO oxidation were allowed on nitrite-adsorbed TiO2 and nitrate-adsorbed on TiO2. Photo stability tests evidently showed that it was photogenerated intermediates, not photocatalytic products that involved in the oxidation from nitrites to nitrates. XRD and UV-Visible tests showed that the structures and the abilities of absorbing UV light were not influenced by high temperature treatment and photocatalytic NO oxidation.
Based on the FT-IR results, a possible mechanism was proposed for the photocatalytic NO oxidation on TiO2 and M/TiO2.誌謝 I
Abstract (English) II
Abstract (Traditional Chinese) III
Contents IV
Contents for Figures VI
Contents for Tables X
Contents for Schemes XI
1. Introduction 1
1.1 Introduction to TiO2 1
1.2 Motivation 3
2. Paper Review 4
2.1 Photocatalytic Acvity of TiO2 and Its FT-IR Investigation 4
2.2 Photocatalytic Reaction on TiO2 and Its FT-IR Investigation 7
2.3 Reduction of NO on Catalysts and Its FT-IR Investigation 12
3. Experimental Section 18
3.1 Materials 18
3.2 Preparation of Photocatalysts 18
3.3 Characteristic Analyses of Photocatalysts 21
3.3.1 X-ray Diffraction 21
3.3.2 UV-Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy 22
3.3.3 Infrared Fourier-Transform (FT-IR) Spectroscopy 23
3.4 In Situ FT-IR Photoreaction System 26
3.4.1 Reaction System 26
3.4.2 Photoreactor 27
3.4.3 In Situ Photocatalytic Reaction of NO Gas 28
4. Results 30
4.1 In situ FT-IR Study of Photocatalytic NO Reaction 30
4.1.1 Pretreatment 30
4.1.2 Photocatalytic NO Reaction 37
4.1.2.1 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on TiO2 37
4.1.2.2 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on Cu/TiO2 44
4.1.2.3 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on V/TiO2 49
4.1.2.4 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on Cr/TiO2 54
4.1.2.5 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on P25 59
4.1.2.6 Summary 63
4.1.3 Thermal and Photo Stability of Surface Peroxo Complexes 66
4.1.4 Thermal Stability of Bidentate Nitrite 72
4.1.5 Thermal Stability of Monodentate and Bidentate Nitrate 75
4.2 X-ray Diffraction 79
4.3 UV-Visible 83
5. Discussion 85
5.1 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on TiO2 85
5.2 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on 2wt%Cu/TiO2 91
5.3 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on 1.9wt%V/TiO2 and 0.65wt%Cr/TiO2 93
5.4 Photocatalytic NO Reaction on P25 96
5.5 Summary 96
6. Conclusion 98
Acknowledgments 99
References 100
Appendices 106
Appendix I. Properties of Useful IR Material 106
Appendix II. Temperature ranges of some commercial thermocouple 110
Appendix III. Structures of Surface Species 111
Appendix IV Photocatalytic NO Reaction on γ-Al2O3 113
個人小傳 11
Pengaruh Warna Interior Masjid Tionghoa Terhadap Respon Psikologis Kenyamanan Dalam Beribadah (Studi Kasus Masjid Cheng Hoo Pandaan, Jawa Timur
No full textMasjid merupakan sarana ibadah umat islam yang menampung berbagai aktivitas keagamaan didalamnya selain dari fungsi utamanya sebagai aktivitas salat. Seperti halnya interior ruangan pada umumnya, masjid juga membutuhkan suasana interior ruang dalam yang dapat menunjang kegiatan beribadah, salah satunya melalui pendekatan unsur komposisi warna yang dapat membentuk segala macam suasana didalam ruangan dan memberikan kesan tertentu bagi seseorang ketika berada didalam. Masjid Mohammad Cheng Hoo merupakan masjid yang memiliki karakter kuat pada penggunaan warna dan nilai arsitektural bangunannya yang mencirikan kenangan sejarah bangsa Cina. Warna-warna yang dihadirkan pada interior ruang masjid ini sangat menarik dan berani yaitu dominasi warna merah dan perpaduan warna kuning dan hijau disegala sisi. Tentunya pewarnaan tersebut sangatlah berpengaruh bagi manusia didalamnya ketika beribadah dan hal tersebut dapat dikaitkan kebenarannya melalui teori dari sumber-sumber tulisan yang ada serta kesan manusianya sendiri ketika melihat dan merasakan interior masjid Cheng Hoo tersebut. Kesan dan kenyamanan ruang yang dipengaruhi warna dapat berbeda-beda pada penangkapan masing-masing pengguna hal tersebut ditunjang dari penggunaan material, peletakan terkait aktivitas ibadahnya dan elemen pendukung ruangan masji
Paraisoannulus machiles Xue, Cheng & Hong, 2011, sp. nov.
No full textParaisoannulus machiles sp. nov. (Figs 1 & 2) Description. FEMALE: (n = 5) Body fusiform, 233 (201–233), 60 (60–62) wide, 48 (48–49) thick; light yellow. Gnathosoma 28 (27–28), projecting obliquely down, pedipalp coxal seta (ep) 2 (2–3), dorsal pedipalp genual seta (d) 7 (6–7), subapical pedipalp tarsal seta (v) 3 (2–3) simple (not branched), cheliceral stylets 25 (24–25). Prodorsal shield 34 (34–36), 55 (52–56) wide, median and admedian lines absent, prodorsal shield with a large longitudinal “furrow” ahead of rear margin, prodorsal shield with some little pits at anterior and lateral except on the furrow; anterior shield lobe broad. Scapular tubercles near rear shield margin, 44 (44–45) apart, scapular setae (sc) 7 (6–8), projecting posteriorly. Coxal plates smooth, anterolateral setae on coxisternum І (1 b) 6 (6–7), 12 (12–13) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum І (1 a) 10 (10–13), 7 (7–8) apart, proximal setae on coxisternum І (2 a) 31 (30–35), 20 (20–22) apart. Prosternal apodeme 6 (6–7). Legs with genu II seta absent. Leg І 34 (34–36), femur 9 (8–9), basiventral femoral seta (bv) 11 (11–13); genu 4 (4–5), antaxial genual seta (l'') 26 (25–26); tibia 7 (7–8), paraxial tibial seta (l') 6 (5–6), located at 2 / 3 from dorsal base; tarsus 8 (7–8), seta ft' 18 (18–20), seta ft'' 16 (16–18), seta u' 3 (3–4), tarsal empodium (em) 6 (5–6), simple, 4 -rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 6 (5–6), rod-like. Leg І 32 (31–33), femur 6 (6–7), basiventral femoral seta (bv) 7 (7–8); genu 4 (3–4), antaxial genual seta (l'') absent; tibia 6 (5–6); tarsus 7 (6–7), seta ft' 5 (5–6), seta ft'' 13 (12–13), seta u' 3 (3–4), tarsal empodium (em) 5 (5–6), simple, 4 -rayed, tarsal solenidion (ω) 5 (5–6), rod-like. Opisthosoma: opisthosoma dorsally with 20 (20–21) broad annuli, with filamentous microtubercles on rear annular margins, ventrally with 22 (22–23) broad annuli, with filamentous microtubercles on rear annular margins. Setae c 2 10 (10–13) on ventral annulus 2 (2–3), 40 (40–41) apart; setae d 12 (12–13) on ventral annulus 5 (5–6), 32 (30–32) apart; setae e 6 (5–6) on ventral annulus 9 (9–10), 16 (16–17) apart, setae f 36 (36–38) on 6 th ventral annulus from rear, 21 (21–22) apart. Setae h 1 absent, h 2 26 (25–32). Female genitalia 14 (13–15), 23 (22–23) wide, coverflap smooth, setae 3a 5 (5–6), 13 (13–14) apart. MALE: Unknown. Type material. Holotype, female (slide number NJAUAcariEriQ 52, marked Holotype), from Machilus gamblei King ex Hook. f. (Lauraceae), Bawangling Nature Reserve, Changjiang County, Hainan Province, P.R. China, 19 °07ʹ03ʹʹN, 109 °09ʹ02ʹʹE, elevation 650m, 29 September 2008, coll. Xiao-Feng Xue, Zi-Wei Song & Zhen Wang. Paratypes, 4 females (slide number NJAUAcariEriQ 52), with the same data as holotype. Relation to host. Vagrant on leaf surface. No damage to the host was observed. Etymology. The specific designation machiles is from the generic name of the host plant, Machilus.Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng, Cheng, Li-Sheng & Hong, Xiao-Yue, 2011, Eriophyoid mites from Hainan Province, China III: Descriptions of three new genera and three new species of Colomerini (Acari: Eriophyoidea), pp. 37-47 in Zootaxa 2798 on page 38, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20252
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