1,721,651 research outputs found
An investigation of Chen Chong Swee’s practical colour application on selected paintings
No full textThis research investigates the practical colour application used in the selected paintings of Singapore pioneer artist Chen Chong Swee. There is a lack of extensive research on Nanyang paintings as much of the current existing literature focuses on the definition of Nanyang style, neglecting the formal articulation of the artwork itself. The artist-researcher/author makes use of histogram charts and 3D Munsell colour space generators to analyse how colours were used in the selected paintings. Formal and content analysis of Chen Chong Swee's paintings, writings and biography are conducted to provide social and cultural contexts behind the creation of these paintings. Part of the practical component consists of re-enacted painting processes, colour palettes and experimental studies to explore the strengths and limitations of each medium. Over the years, Chen mastered colour mixing and understood the three qualities of colours: hue, chroma and value. This mastery of colours equipped him with the capability to create communicable imageries that reflect the realities of the Southsea.Master of Art
The lost vent gastropod species of Lothar A. Beck
No full textChen, Chong, Sigwart, Julia D. (2023): The lost vent gastropod species of Lothar A. Beck. Zootaxa 5270 (3): 401-436, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5270.3.
Replication Data for: Territorial Dispute Initiation by Weaker States
No full textThese files contain the data and code to replicate tables and figures for "Territorial Dispute Initiation by Weaker States", The Chinese Journal of International Politics. Please see the Readme file for additional detail
Replication Data for: Armed Conflict and Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Two Natural Experiments
No full textHow does armed conflict affect women’s political empowerment? Recent studies have begun to focus on the impact of conflict on gender equality and women’s empowerment and find that armed conflict brought disproportional harms to women than men while also opening up windows of opportunities for women’s political empowerment, thereby facilitating their political participation in post-conflict periods. However, most existing studies concentrate on the macro, county-level explanations while ignoring how armed conflict affects women’s empowerment at the micro-level. Moreover, these studies are difficult to evaluate the causal effects of armed conflict on women’s empowerment due to their observational studies' nature. Leveraging two rebel attacks in Mali in 2008 as well as in Nigeria in 2012, respectively, this article examines the causal effects of armed conflict on the social support for women’s empowerment at the individual level. The fact that the two rebel attacks coincidentally occurred while the Afrobarometer was conducting nationally representative surveys in the two countries allows us to design two natural experiments that split respondents randomly into a control group surveyed before the attacks and a treatment group surveyed after the attacks. The statistical results show that the rebel attacks significantly increased respondents’ propensities to dislike their government’s current policy toward women’s empowerment and to exacerbate their perceptions of how women were unequally treated in their countries, which can in return increase to some extent the social support for policy reforms related to women’s empowerment. This article has important implications for the impact of conflict on women’s empowerment at the micro-level, thereby providing a linkage between micro-and macro-level studies.
近年来，学界开始关注武装冲突对性别平等和妇女赋权的影响。既有研究发现，武装冲突对女性造成了远超男性的伤害，但也为女性政治赋权创造了机会，在客观上促进了妇女的政治参与。然而，这些研究绝大部分集中在宏观的国家层面，缺乏微观层次上对武装冲突如何影响妇女赋权的关注。同时，由于大部分研究都是基于观察数据，难以准确评估武装冲突对妇女赋权的因果影响。2008年马里共和国和2012年尼日利亚分别爆发了武装袭击事件，而这两起武装袭击爆发的时机碰巧与“非洲晴雨表”正在两国进行的具有全国代表性的问卷调查的时间相吻合。利用这一特征可以构建两项自然实验，探究武装冲突在微观层次上对妇女赋权的社会支持基础的因果影响。统计分析发现，武装冲突在短期内显著地增加了受访者对于政府处理妇女赋权议题的不满程度，增强了民众对于本国妇女遭受不公正对待的感知，从而在一定程度上为推行提升妇女赋权的政策改革提供了社会支持基础。在微观层次上厘清冲突对于妇女赋权进程的影响，为连接宏观跨国层次的研究提供了一种新视角
Replication Data for: Rethinking Opportunity, Greed, Grievance and Internal Conflict: A Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Political Violence
No full textThese files contain the data and code to replicate tables and figures for "Rethinking Opportunity, Greed, Grievance and Internal Conflict: A Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Political Violence "（《机会、贪婪、怨恨与国内冲突的再思考——基于时空模型对非洲政治暴力的分析》）, World Economics and Politics（《世界经济与政治》）. Please see the Readme file for additional detail
Replication Data for: Explaining the Formation and Evolution of Global Diplomatic Networks: New Evidence from Network Analysis of Large-scale Event Data
No full text国家如何选择外交出访对象国？为何一些国家的外交出访更频繁，而另一些国家接待的外国来访更多？如何解释全球外交访问网络的形成和变化？既有研究着重关注访问国与接待国的双边层次和国家层次因素的影响，然而却在理论上忽视了潜在第三方因素和外交网络的结构性影响；在研究方法上，则忽略了观察量之间相互依赖对模型估计造成的偏差，并且在数据上缺乏涵盖全球的外交访问信息。本文基于社会网络分析的理论和方法，将全球双边外交访问理论化为外交访问网络的形成过程，并将国家、双边和网络结构层次上的因素整合为一个统一的理论框架，用以解释国家间双边外交访问如何推动全球外交访问网络的形成和演化。利用“全球事件、语言与语调数据库”（GDELT）的海量事件数据提取全球外交访问数据集（1979-2020），并借助最新发展的网络分析方法对理论框架假设进行实证检验。结果表明，除了国家和双边层次的因素之外，外交访问网络自身存在的对等性、优先连接、同质性、传递性等网络效应，同样驱动了全球外交访问网络在过去 40 年间的演化。本文的研究为系统理解全球外交网络的演变提供了一个新的研究框架和新的方法借鉴，并产生了一个新的基于大数据路径的全球双边外交互访数据集，对于外交政策和国际政治的研究具有重要意义。
How does a country choose the target countries for diplomatic visits? Why do some countries pay more diplomatic visits while other countries host more foreign visits? How to explain the formation and evolution of the global diplomatic visit network? Existing research focuses on factors at the dyadic- and country- levels between the visiting country and the host country while theoretically ignoring the potential influence from third parties and the structures of the diplomatic networks. Methodologically, they also ignore the interdependence among observations that could result in biased model estimation. Moreover, they are constrained by the lack of data covering diplomatic visits around the world. Leveraging the social network analysis, this article theorizes the global bilateral diplomatic visits as the formation of diplomatic visit networks, and integrates factors at the national, dyadic, and network structure levels into a unified theoretical framework. Utilizing the Global Event, Language, and Intonation Database (GDELT) project, it builds a global diplomatic visit data set (1979-2020), which is then used to test the hypotheses derived from the theoretical framework. The results show that, in addition to country- and dyadic-level factors, network effects such as stochastic equivalence, preferential attachment, reciprocity, and homophily, of the diplomatic visit network itself have also driven the evolution of the global diplomatic visit network in the past 40 years. Consequently, this article provides a new framework and new approach for the systematic understanding of the evolution of global diplomatic networks. It also produces a new global bilateral diplomatic exchange data set based on the big data approach, which has important implications for the studies of foreign policy and international politics in the age of big data
Replication Data for: Rethinking Opportunity, Greed, Grievance and Internal Conflict: A Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Political Violence
No full textThese files contain the data and code to replicate tables and figures for "Rethinking Opportunity, Greed, Grievance and Internal Conflict: A Spatio-temporal Analysis of African Political Violence "（《机会、贪婪、怨恨与国内冲突的再思考——基于时空模型对非洲政治暴力的分析》）, World Economics and Politics（《世界经济与政治》）. Please see the Readme file for additional detail
Replication Data for: The Contagion of Foreign Policy Convergence: Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Chinese Leadership Visits
No full textPrevious research on the sources of foreign policy convergence has focused exclusively on changes at either the dyadic level, between sender and receiver countries, or monadic level of these states. Although such approaches are helpful to understand how states affect foreign policy change in other countries, they generally overlook the third source of foreign policy convergence, that is, the indirect impact of significant events in neighbouring countries. I investigate whether and how leadership visits—a major diplomatic phenomenon—affect foreign policy convergence within and beyond host countries. Specifically, I argue that leadership visits directly facilitate foreign policy convergence in host countries and indirectly produce favourable diffusion effects in their neighbourhood. I develop an original dataset that tracks the visits of high-level officials between China and its foreign counterparts from 1978 to 2014. The results from spatial panel models support my proposed direct and indirect effects whereby Chinese leadership visits are positively associated with foreign policy alignments with China in both host countries and their neighbours
Replication Data for: Territorial Dispute Initiation by Weaker States
No full textThese files contain the data and code to replicate tables and figures for "Territorial Dispute Initiation by Weaker States", The Chinese Journal of International Politics. Please see the Readme file for additional detail
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