457 research outputs found
Supplemental Material, SI_figures - Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Prepared From Ovine Heparins With Enoxaparin
No full textSupplemental Material, SI_figures for Comparison of Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins Prepared From Ovine Heparins With Enoxaparin by Jianle Chen, Yanlei Yu, Jawed Fareed, Debra Hoppensteadt, Walter Jeske, Ahmed Kouta, Caijuan Jin, Yongsheng Jin, Yiming Yao, Ke Xia, Fuming Zhang, Shiguo Chen, Xingqian Ye and Robert J. Linhardt in Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis</p
Cyclophilin A Functions as an Endogenous Inhibitor for Membrane-Bound Guanylate Cyclase-A
No full textSalicylic acid suppresses <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated susceptibility to <i>Alternaria alternata </i>in <i>Arabidopsis</i>
No full textNecrotrophic Alternaria alternata induces EXECUTER 1(EX1)/2-dependent singlet oxygen (1O2) bursts, leading to plant cell death, with jasmonic acid (JA) acting as a key signal transducer downstream of EX1/2-mediated signaling. Salicylic acid (SA), a crucial defense hormone, is known to respond to pathogen invasion and activate defense gene expression. Previous studies emphasize the importance of SA in A. alternata-induced necrosis in the light of the increased susceptibility of SA-deficient transgenic Arabidopsis NahG to A. alternata. In this study, we investigated the role of SA in A. alternata-triggered 1O2 signaling in Arabidopsis. We found that EX1/2 deficiency did not alter SA levels in Arabidopsis infected with A. alternata, indicating that SA signaling regulates A. alternata-induced pathogenesis through an EX1/2-independent pathway. Exogenous SA application and increased endogenous SA in the ssi2-2 mutant enhanced resistance but inhibited JA production. Conversely, SA signaling deficiency in the eds1 and pad4 mutants increased susceptibility and elevated JA levels. In conclusion, SA enhances Arabidopsis defense against A. alternata via an EX1/2-independent 1O2 signal pathway and antagonizes JA biosynthesis.</p
Dual-track interest rates and the conduct of monetary policy in China
No full textChina has a dual-track interest-rate system: bank deposit and lending rates are regulated while money and bond rates are market-determined. The central bank also imposes an indicative target, which may not be binding at all times, for total credit in the banking system. We develop and calibrate a theoretical model to illustrate the conduct of monetary policy within the framework of dual-track interest rates and a juxtaposition of price- and quantity-based policy instruments. We model the transmission of monetary policy instruments to market interest rates, which, together with the quantitative credit target in the banking system, ultimately are the means by which monetary policy affects the real economy. The model shows that market interest rates are most sensitive to changes in the benchmark deposit interest rates, significantly responsive to changes in the reserve requirements, but not particularly reactive to open market operations. These theoretical results are verified and supported by both linear and GARCH models using daily money and bond market data. Overall, the findings of this study help us to understand why the central bank conducts monetary policy in China the way it does, using a combination of price and quantitative instruments with differing degrees of potency in terms of their influence on the cost of credit.monetary policy; People’s Bank of China; dual-track interest rates; interest rate liberalization
How Michaelis–Menten kinetics can represent ecosystem-scale respiration: scale and applicability
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IMPACTS OF TROPICAL TRANSBOUNDARY BIOMASS BURNING SMOKE ON URBAN AEROSOLS IN SINGAPORE
No full textPh.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (FOE
Study on the extraction of AP components in HTPB solid propellant by water/ethanol recovery
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