1,444 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-ras-10.1177_00208523231167081 - Supplemental material for Multilevel power structure and local compliance with government transparency mandates: evidence from China's environmental transparency reform
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ras-10.1177_00208523231167081 for Multilevel power structure and local compliance with government transparency mandates: evidence from China's environmental transparency reform by Jin Li and Shaowei Chen in International Review of Administrative Sciences</p
Essays in Behavioral Economics
No full textThis dissertation studies three aspects of decision theory and behavioral economics, and their ap- plications.
The first chapter, co-authored with Meng-Yu Liang and Simon Grant, studies a costly self- control model with limited willpower. In Gul and Pesendorfer (Econometrica 69(6):1403–1435, 2001), a decision-maker, when facing a choice among menus, evaluates each menu in terms of the maximum value of its commitment utility net of self-control costs. We extends the model such that this maximum is constrained by the condition that the cost of self-control cannot exceed the decision-maker’s stock of willpower w. Four of the five axioms of our characterization are as in their Theorem 3 except that the independence axiom is restricted to a subset of menus. We add one new axiom to regulate willpower as a limited (cognitive) resource in which the available “stock” does not vary across menus. In our characterization, choices within menus that satisfy WARP reveal a constant trade-off between commitment and temptation utilities. However, it is the discontinuity of preferences over menus (along with violations of WARP for choices within menus) that reveals w (measured in units of temptation utility), allowing for a behaviorally meaningful comparative measure of self-control across individuals.
The second chapter, co-authored with Chen Zhao, Shaowei Ke and Zhaoran Wang, studies an axiomatic foundation for a class of neural-network models applied to decision-making under risk, called neural-network expected utility (NEU) models. Motivated by classic experimental find- ings, we weaken the independence axiom in a novel way. We show how to use simple neurons, referred to as behavioral neurons, in a NEU model to capture behavioral effects such as the cer- tainty effect and reference dependence. Empirically, we show that some simple NEU models with natural inter- pretation predicts better than existing theories such as expected utility theory and cumulative prospect theory out of sample, and that behavioral neurons help improve NEU models’ performance.
The third chapter provides a micro-founded model to discuss the effects of decimal expression of prices. It applies the information cost function in Pomatto et al. [2020] to the model of Matějka [2015]. With this combination, this paper suggests that the inattentive consumer imperfectly uses leading digits as a signal to process information about prices. Further, this paper demonstrates that the monopolistic seller may reduce the sale price to change the leading digit to emphasize the sale to consumers with medium-level information capacity.PhDEconomicsUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/171365/1/slhsieh_1.pd
sj-doc-3-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 – Supplemental material for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-3-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Shaowei Li, Rui Ou, Dandan Liu, Zhihuang Chen, Song Wei, Xiaohao Li, Xianxian Zhang, Yingwan Liu and Chunfu Hou in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
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Manipulation of Nanoparticle Electron Transfer Dynamics by Engineering of Metal-Ligand Interaction
No full textNanoparticles represent a novel class of material consisting of hundreds to a few thousand atoms each, and their physical and chemical properties are significantly different than the bulk materials. The electronic structure, chemical and optical properties of nanoparticles can be tuned by the size, shape, surface modification and interaction with supporting materials, to fulfil the potential specific applications in catalysis, imaging and electronic devices. In the preparation of nanoparticles, protecting ligands play a crucial role in the dispersion, size control, and shape control of particles. Here in this thesis, ligand functionalization of metal nanoparticles and engineering of carbon nanomaterials were manipulated, and the influence of metal-organic interaction on the chemical, optical and electrochemical properties of nanoparticles and their applications in fuel cell electrocatalysis were studied.Ruthenium nanoparticles protected by ferrocenecarboxylates (RuFCA) were synthesized. The carboxylate group were bound onto the nanoparticle surface via Ru–O bonds in a bidentate configuration which is highly polarized, leading to the diminishment of the electron density of the iron centers and the increase of formal potential of the ferrocenyl moieties by 120mV in electrochemical measurements. In addition, galvanic exchange reactions of the RuFCA nanoparticles with Pd(II) followed by hydrothermal treatment at 200 °C led to (partial) decarboxylation of the ligands such that the ferrocenyl moieties were now directly bonded to the metal surface, as manifested in voltammetric measurements that suggested intervalence charge transfer between the nanoparticle-bound ferrocene groups. In a further study, decarboxylation was also found happened at the metal-ligand interface in the hydrothermal treatment of 2-naphthalenecarboxylate protected ruthenium nanoparticles at higher temperature 250°C, and the naphthalenyl moieties became directly bonded to the metal cores, which was confirmed by infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic measurements. In comparison with the as-produced RuCOONA nanoparticles, the decarboxylated nanoparticles (RuNA) exhibited markedly different optical and electronic properties due to electronic coupling between the particle-bound naphthalene groups. The intraparticle charge delocalization led to spilling of nanoparticle core electrons to naphthalene moieties, resulting in the negative shift of the formal potential. In addition, the electron-transfer properties of the ruthenium nanoparticles protected by 1-dodecyne, laurate and 1-dodecanethiol were examined by scanning tunneling spectroscopic (STS) measurements. Ruthenium-vinylidene (Ru=C=CH–), –oxygen (Ru-O), and –thiolate (Ru-S) interfacial bonds were formed when protected by alkyne, carboxylate and thiol ligands, respectively, and the polarization of the interfacial bonds was found to increase in the order of Ru=C=CH– < Ru-S < Ru-O. The relatively large nanoparticles (dia. ∼ 3 nm) were found to show clearly-defined Coulomb staircase; and with diminishing particle core dimensions to below 1 nm, Coulomb blockade started to emerge. The nanoparticle molecular capacitance and effective nanoparticle dielectric constants were estimated and the dielectric constants increased inversely with the nanoparticle core dimensions; and at any given particle size, the dielectric constants varied with the specific metal-ligand interfacial bonds, increasing in the order of Ru-S < Ru=C=CH– < Ru-O. Part of the dissertation research was devoted to carbon nanomaterials. In one of the study, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) were prepared by a facile hydrothermal method and incorporated with ruthenium metal ions by exploiting the unique complexation of selected nitrogen dopants with ruthenium ions. Complexation of NGQDs with ruthenium ions likely occurred through the pyridinic nitrogen dopants, leading to the incorporation of multiple metal centers within the conjugated graphitic C sp2 scaffolds (Ru-NGQDs). Intervalence charge transfer between embedded Ru ions was studied electrochemically, the Ru-NGQD compounds exhibited two pairs of voltammetric waves, with a peak spacing of 150 mV, suggesting Class II delocalized system. Near-infrared spectroscopic measurements demonstrated an absorption band emerged at ca. 1450 nm at mixed-valence metal charge transfer, by using Ce(SO4)2 as the oxidizing reagent. Covalently crosslinking of GQDs were accomplished by forming ensembles of a few hundred nanometers in size by McMurry deoxygenation coupling reactions of peripheral carbonyl functional moieties catalyzed by TiCl4 and Zn powders in refluxing THF. Photoluminescence measurements showed that after chemical coupling, the excitation and emission peaks blue-shifted somewhat and the emission intensity increased markedly, likely due to the removal of oxygenated species where quinone-like species were known to be effective electron-acceptors and emission quenchers.Metal nanoparticles were also prepared and tuned for the applications as high-performance catalysts. In one of the research, gold core@silver semishell Janus nanoparticles were prepared by interfacial chemical etching of Au@Ag core–shell nanoparticles at the air/water interface. The resulting Janus nanoparticles exhibited an asymmetrical distribution of silver on the surface of the gold cores. Interestingly, the Au@Ag semishell Janus nanoparticles exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic activity in oxygen reduction reactions, as compared to their Au@Ag and Ag@Au core–shell counterparts, likely due to a synergistic effect between the gold cores and silver semishells that optimized oxygen binding to the nanoparticle surface. In another research, cysteine-stabilized Ag–Cu hollow nanoshells are prepared by the co-reduction of silver nitrate and cupric nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium thiocyanate. When capped with 1-dodecanethiol, the hollow nanoshells become dispersible in apolar organic solvents and the cavity may be exploited for the effective phase-transfer of target molecules such as rhodamine 6G between water and organic media. The Ag–Cu nanoshells also show apparent catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4-nitroaniline by sodium borohydride, a performance that is markedly better than that of the solid counterparts and comparable to leading results in recent literature based on relevant metal catalysts
sj-doc-4-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 – Supplemental material for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-4-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Shaowei Li, Rui Ou, Dandan Liu, Zhihuang Chen, Song Wei, Xiaohao Li, Xianxian Zhang, Yingwan Liu and Chunfu Hou in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-doc-2-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 – Supplemental material for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-2-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Shaowei Li, Rui Ou, Dandan Liu, Zhihuang Chen, Song Wei, Xiaohao Li, Xianxian Zhang, Yingwan Liu and Chunfu Hou in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
sj-doc-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 – Supplemental material for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
No full textSupplemental material, sj-doc-1-taj-10.1177_20406223221077966 for Is Chinese herbal formula (nourishing Yin therapy) effective and well tolerated as an adjunct medication to hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of primary Sjögren’s syndrome? A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials by Shaowei Li, Rui Ou, Dandan Liu, Zhihuang Chen, Song Wei, Xiaohao Li, Xianxian Zhang, Yingwan Liu and Chunfu Hou in Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease</p
ParLS-PBO: A Parallel Local Search Solver for Pseudo Boolean Optimization
No full textAs a broadly applied technique in numerous optimization problems, recently, local search has been employed to solve Pseudo-Boolean Optimization (PBO) problem. A representative local search solver for PBO is LS-PBO. In this paper, firstly, we improve LS-PBO by a dynamic scoring mechanism, which dynamically strikes a balance between score on hard constraints and score on the objective function.
Moreover, on top of this improved LS-PBO, we develop the first parallel local search PBO solver. The main idea is to share good solutions among different threads to guide the search, by maintaining a pool of feasible solutions. For evaluating solutions when updating the pool, we propose a function that considers both the solution quality and the diversity of the pool. Furthermore, we calculate the polarity density in the pool to enhance the scoring function of local search. Our empirical experiments show clear benefits of the proposed parallel approach, making it competitive with the parallel version of the famous commercial solver Gurobi
NIR‐II Light Activated Photosensitizer with Aggregation‐Induced Emission for Precise and Efficient Two‐Photon Photodynamic Cancer Cell Ablation
No full text10.1002/adfm.202002546ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIAL
Multi-bump solutions for a strongly indefinite semilinear Schrodinger equation without symmetry or convexity assumptions
No full textIn this paper, we study the following semilinear Schrodinger equations with periodic coefficient: -Delta u + V(x)u = f(x, u), u is an element of H-1 (R-N). The functional corresponding to this equation possesses strongly indefinite structure. The nonlinear term f(x,t) satisfies some superlinear growth conditions and need not be odd or increasing in t. Using a new variational reduction method and a generalized Morse theory, we proved that this equation has infinitely many geometrically different solutions . Furthermore, if the solutions of this equation under some energy level are isolated, then we can show that this equation has infinitely many m-bump solutions for any positive integer m >= 2. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Mathematics, AppliedMathematicsSCI(E)EI0ARTICLE103067-31026
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