9,319 research outputs found
Monitoring Cl- movement in single cells exposed to hypotonic solution
No full textSelf-referencing ion--selective electrodes (ISEs), made with Chloride Ionophore I-Cocktail A (Fluka), were positioned 1-3 microm from human embryonic kidney cells (tsA201a) and used to record chloride flux during a sustained hyposmotic challenge. The ISE response was close to Nernstian when comparing potentials (VN) measured in 100 and 10 mM NaCl (deltaVN = 57 +/- 2 mV), but was slightly greater than ideal when comparing 1 and 10 mM NaCl (deltaVN = 70 +/- 3 mV). The response was also linear in the presence of 1 mM glutamate, gluconate, or acetate, 10 microM tamoxifen, or 0.1, 1, or 10 mM HEPES at pH 7.0. The ISE was approximately 3 orders of magnitude more selective for Cl- over glutamate or gluconate but less than 2 orders of magnitude move selective for Clover bicarbonate, acetate, citrate or thiosulfate. As a result this ISE is best described as an anion sensor. The ISE was 'poisoned' by 50 microM 5-nitro-2-(3phenylpropyl-amino)-benzoic acid (NPPB), but not by tamoxifen. An outward anion efflux was recorded from cells challenged with hypotonic (250 +/- 5 mOsm) solution. The increase in efflux peaked 7-8 min before decreasing, consistent with regulatory volume decreases observed in separate experiments using a similar osmotic protocol. This anion efflux was blocked by 10 microM tamoxifen. These results establish the feasibility of using the modulation of electrochemical, anion-selective, electrodes to monitor anions and, in this case, chloride movement during volume regulatory events. The approach provides a real-time measure of anion movement during regulated volume decrease at the single-cell leve
Siles, S.S., Letter to Mary Knight, September 20, 1863
Full text linkStiles, S.S., Letter to Mary Knight, September 20, 1863. MS/52 William Knight Civil War Letters, Box 1, Folder 3. Valdosta State University Archives and Special Collections. 1 PDF and 2 scans. Includes transcript.The letter, dated September 20, 1863, is from Camp Lee and addressed to Mary. The author, identified as S.S. Siles, expresses relief that William has returned home and hopes for his quick recovery. Siles mentions the difficulties faced by women who visit camps to bring their sick husbands home, noting that officers rarely pay them any attention.
Siles laments the poor condition of the tents, which are old and worn, failing to provide adequate shelter from rain. He mentions that the Quarter Master tried but failed to secure new tents in Savannah. The letter also touches on the precarious state of the Confederate army, suggesting that its future may hinge on an upcoming battle in Northern Georgia. Siles fears that a defeat could lead to mass desertions.
The letter describes the men as being very sickly, attributing this to their poor diet of only beef and cornmeal. Siles himself is not in good health, suffering from chest pains and fevers, but continues to perform his duties as an acting Orderly Sergeant. He urges Mary to tell William to write to him and to keep him updated with news
Continuous monitoring of water loading of trees and canopy rainfall interception using the strain gauge method
No full textA 2-D Finite Element Model Simulation of the Melting Process of Al-Ti Alloy in Vacuum Induction Furnace with Cold Crucible (VIFCC)
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Figures 15–21 in A revision of the subgenus Stegana (s.s.) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from mainland China
No full textFigures 15–21. Stegana (Stegana) multispinata Cao & Chen sp. nov., 15–19, male, 20, 21 female: 15, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 16, surstylus; 17, hypandrium and gonopods; 18, parameres, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme; 19, hypandrium, gonopods, paramere, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme; 20, epiproct and cercus; 21, oviscapt and hypoproct. For orientation, see Figures 1–7. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.Published as part of Li, Tong, Cao, Huazhi, Gao, Jianjun & Chen, Hongwei, 2010, A revision of the subgenus Stegana (s.s.) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from mainland China, pp. 726-739 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4) on page 732, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00575.x, http://zenodo.org/record/472010
Figures 8–14 in A revision of the subgenus Stegana (s.s.) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from mainland China
No full textFigures 8–14. Stegana (Stegana) apiciprocera Cao & Chen sp. nov., 8–12, male; 13, 14, female: 8, epandrium, surstylus, and cercus; 9, surstylus; 10, hypandrium and gonopods; 11, parameres, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme; 12, hypandrium, gonopods, aedeagus, and aedeagal apodeme; 13, epiproct and cercus; 14, oviscapt and hypoproct. For orientation, see Figures 1–7. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.Published as part of Li, Tong, Cao, Huazhi, Gao, Jianjun & Chen, Hongwei, 2010, A revision of the subgenus Stegana (s.s.) (Diptera, Drosophilidae) from mainland China, pp. 726-739 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 158 (4) on page 731, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00575.x, http://zenodo.org/record/472010
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